Isowar farkon bazara ta cika da ƙanshin abinci na farkon abubuwan fure. Kwakwalwa, kamar tutocin masu launi iri-iri a ƙasa, daɗaɗɗe bayan yanayin sanyi, ya bayyana sarai cewa ba da daɗewa ba yanayin zai fara rayuwa kuma yana farantawa mutane da launuka masu launuka. Yawancin lambu yan farawa suna dasa wannan furannin bazara, amma ba duka sun kware dokokin fasahar aikin gona ba. Wannan labarin zai tattauna yadda crocuses ke aiki bayan fure, abin da zai yi tare da mai shi. Yaushe don tono kwararan fitila da yadda ake adana kayan dasawa.
Babban bayani game da shuka iri
Sunan shuka ya fito ne daga yaren Latin. Sunansa na biyu shine Saffron. Garden crocus nasa ne ga HALITTAR Saffron, dangi Iris (Iridaceae), tsari Asparagaceae (Asparagales). Harshen halittar yana da fiye da nau'in 80.
Karin kujerun daji
Crocus shine ciyawar da take tsirowa a cikin bazara ko kaka.
Albasa na shuka an rufe shi da sikeli, zagaye ne ko dan kadan ya lalace, tare da nisan da ya kai 3 cm, tare da tsarin tushen fibrous. Ganyayyaki na yau da kullun kuma, mafi yawan lokuta, fure guda ke haɓaka daga gare ta (wani lokacin furanni 2-3 sun bayyana).
Ta launi, an rarraba furanni zuwa rawaya-mai haske (inuwa daga cream-fari zuwa orange mai haske) da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi (daga shuɗi mai launin shuɗi zuwa ruwan hoda mai haske). Wasu lokuta akwai zabin furanni da furanni masu farin jini.
A cikin dabbobin daji, bishiyar saffron ta girma a cikin ciyadukan alkama, gandun daji, gandun daji na Tsakiya da Asiya ,arama, Kudancin da Tsakiyar Turai, Arewacin Afirka, da Gabas ta Tsakiya.
Informationarin bayani!Ana amfani da stigmas na fure na fure a matsayin abincin Asiya, abincin Rum kuma a matsayin ranin rawaya na al'ada don cheeses na gida, man shanu, giya.
Noma na Crocus: fasali
Shuka tayi girma a cikin ƙasa buɗe, misali, a cikin lambu, kuma a ɗaka cikin tukwane.
Fasali na Girma:
- Dasa a cikin yankunan haske, a kan verandas, baranda, amma ba karkashin zafin rana kuma ba tare da zayyana.
- A kasar gona dace dace, haske, sako-sako da, da-permeable danshi. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine loamy ko yashi. Don ƙasa mai nauyi, ana yin magudanar ruwa don guje wa kamuwa da cuta daga cikin ƙwayoyin cuta tare da cututtukan fungal.
- Crocuses basu da amfani game da abinci mai gina jiki. Amma a lokacin girma da fure, ana buƙatar takin phosphorus da potassium.
- A inji shi ne fari m. Akai-akai na ruwa mummunar shafar fure.
Furanni a cikin tukunya
Mahimmanci!Don fure mai yawa, ana shuka ciyawar bazara a watan Oktoba, kuma kaka a watan Agusta.
Lokacin da ya dace don ɗaukar kwararan fitila
Isa da sha'awar fure, 'yan lambu fara sha'awar wannan tambaya: karkara sun ragu, me za a yi da su? Ya kamata a sani cewa waɗannan sune tsire-tsire masu tsaftataccen sanyi, saboda haka yawanci ba'a haife su ba kuma ana dasa shi tsawon shekaru 3-5. A wannan lokacin, mahaifiyar albasa ta yi girma tare da ƙungiyoyi cikin adadin har zuwa guda 10.
Amma yana da mahimmanci kada a rasa lokacin da sauya alamu zuwa sabon wuri shine kawai dole.
Hankali! Crocuses girma a wuri guda na dogon lokaci na iya lalacewa: tubers yin rashin lafiya, rot, fure suka zama ƙanana da ƙarami.
Ana bayyana maganganun lokacin da aka ba da shawarar su haɗu da sau ɗaya sau ɗaya a shekara:
- a yankuna masu sanyin sanyi don kare kai daga daskarewa;
- don hana yaduwar cuta;
- domin samun samarin dasa kayan matasa.
Yanayi don tsaftacewa
Lokacin dormancy na tsire-tsire na kaka shine Yuni-Agusta, don farkon lokacin bazara - Yuli-Satumba. Yana farawa lokacin da ganyen fure ya faɗi a ƙasa, juya rawaya da bawo a sauƙaƙe.
Wannan shine mafi nasara lokacin da ya cancanci tono juzu'i bayan fure don dasawa, yaduwa da kuma sanya kwano don ajiya.
Rana, rani mai sanyi ya dace da irin wannan aikin.
Kan aiwatar da narkewa
Shirya kaya:
- farar fata;
- yanki na polyethylene ko tarpaulin;
- yan sakandare;
- akwatin filastik;
- safofin hannu na gida.
To sai suyi aiki kamar haka:
- A gefen crocus bushes, shirye fim ɗin da aka shirya akan ƙasa.
- A nesa na 5-7 cm daga daji, ana tura filatunan zuwa duk zurfin da za'a samu kuma ana cire kwallon da ke da kasa a fim.
- An yanyanka shi da kyau kuma an cire dukkan kwano.
- An tsabtace su da hannu ko amfani da rafi na ruwa. Tushen ana yanka a hankali tare da secateurs.
- Albasa an sa a cikin akwati, canjawa wuri zuwa Inuwa wuri da bushe, dage farawa a kan wani lebur surface a daya Layer.
Matsalar yadda ake tono kayan dasa abubuwa zuwa jujin karkara an warware shi.
Nagari lakayoyi
Abin da crocuses ba sa buƙatar a haƙa shi a cikin fall: iri
Wannan lokacin shine farkon lokacin kaka da kaka. Iri da yawa na wannan iri-iri ne kusan ba a sani ba ga mai son lambu. Ga wasu daga cikinsu:
- Crocus Sharoyan yana da lemun tsami ruwan fure. Yana blooms a karo na biyu rabin Satumba.
- Shuka - babban shinge masu shunayya. Starancin sa mara ƙanshi suna bushewa ana amfani dashi azaman yaji. Yana fure a watan Satumba da Oktoba.
- Kyakkyawan itace ɗayan farkon farkon tsayi. Blooms a farkon Satumba tare da fararen ko Lilac manyan furanni.
- Dogaye mai tsawo - yana da launi daban-daban, ƙarshen jaka, lokacin fure a watan Nuwamba.
- Pretty - haske manyan furanni masu launin shuɗi, masu kafa akan ɗayan inflorescences daji na guda 5-10. Narke a watan Oktoba.
- Kholmovoy - ƙaramin farin, ya bayyana a watan Satumba.
- Banat - furanni na Lilac yayi kama da sifar iris. Yana farantawa ido ido da itaciyarsa a duk watan Satumba.
Yadda ake shirya crocuses da kyau don ajiya
Sanya albasa a cikin wani wuri mai sanyi mai duhu na rana daya.
Sa'an nan a hankali bincika na inji lalacewa tare da fenti, kwari, rodent, da na gaban mold, cuta, sores.
Wajen ya kamata ya bushe, ba tare da exfoliating flakes, aibobi, launi uniform.
-Arancin inganci, ɓata - ƙi da halakarwa. Kyakkyawan, mai yawa mai tsabta albasa - bi da phytosporin ko wani haske raster potassium permanganate da stacked bisa maki don ajiya.
Yadda ake adanawa a gida
Iskar da ke cikin dakin da aka dasa kayan da ya kamata ya zama sabo, mai sanyi. Zazzabi ya yi daidai da + 15 ... +18 ° C yayin duk lokacin ajiya.
Albasa ajiya a cikin drawers
Don crocuses na bazara, sauran kuma lokacin ajiyar shine Yuli-Satumba, kuma don damin kaka shine Yuni-Yuli.
Storedwarara a ciki da waɗanda ke don distillation ana ajiye su har farkon bazara. A lokaci guda, suna lura da ƙaramin tsarin zafin jiki - + 10 ... +13 °C. An dasa su watanni 2.5 kafin lokacin furanni da ake so.
Ka'idojin ajiya mai mahimmanci kafin yin bishiyoyi:
- yawan zafin jiki sama ba ya wuce + 18 ° С kuma ba kasa da 0 ° С;
- bushe, yanki mai iska mai kyau;
- ba za a iya sanya shi a cikin jaka na filastik ba, yafa masa a cikin babban ko sanya shi a cikin ɗakuna da yawa a cikin akwati guda.
Hankali! A cikin yanayin sanyi, ana ajiye albasa a cikin baranda tazara a cikin zafin jiki wanda bai wuce + 18 ° C ba kuma ƙasa da 0 ° C.
Ya dace da kwali, katako na katako mai filafila tare da ramuka don samun iska, ƙananan kwantena tare da wani yanki na ƙasa mai yashi da magudanar ruwa kuma tare da ramuka a cikin ƙasa, jigilar nailan ko jakar raga, jakar takarda.
Ana sanya kuzari don distillation akan shelves na busassun bene ko cellar, inda zafin jiki bai tashi sama da + 10 ... +15 ° С. Yi amfani da marufi iri ɗaya kamar na ajiya akan baranda. Idan an ziyarci ginshiki ta hanyar rodents, to, dasa kayan abu yana ninka a cikin yanki ɗaya a cikin ƙaramin gilashi, gwangwani na ƙarfe kuma an rufe shi da murfi tare da kunkuntar buɗewa.
A cikin watanni na bazara, idan babu tushe, kowane albasa an nannade cikin jarida ko takarda mai kauri kuma a sanya shi a ƙananan shelves ko a cikin masu jan firiji. Kwantena, tukwane masu da fiɗaɗɗun an ƙaddara a wurin, har lokacin lokacin shuka ya zo.
Jiyya na tubers daga cututtuka da kwari
Babban kwari da cututtuka an gabatar dasu a tebur:
| Kwaro, cuta | Hanyar yin gwagwarmaya |
| Mice | Kada ku bar tsiran ciyawa, ganyayyaki wanda sarƙaƙƙiya ke sa ciyayi a kan gadaje tare da tsirai. Yi shinge a cikin ƙasa daga kwalban filastik a kusa da daji. Sauya duban dan tayi. |
| Mazauna matafila | Zabi su daga ƙasa yayin da suke shuka shafin. |
| Wireworms | Yi tarko: tono rami a cikin ƙasa, zuba ganye a ciki, zuba ruwa a ciki kuma rufe ramin tare da jirgi. A wireworms slide cikin abinci da zafi. Wannan ciyawa, tare da wireworms don ƙonewa. Don kawar da kwaro gaba daya, kuna buƙatar yin tarko sau da yawa. |
| Matsawa | Sayi kayan aiki na musamman don kula da kwaro, yayyafa wurin saukar da yashi. |
| Aphids | Bi da kayan dasa tare da magani na musamman, Karbofos. |
| Kwayoyin cuta ko cutar fungal (launin toka, fusarium, chlorosis) | Ka watsar da albasarta da lafiya. Yi yaƙi da ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin yankin: aphids, thrips, ticks. Takin kasar gona tare da takin mai magani na nitrogen-phosphorus cikin lokaci. |
Rotten da lafiya albasa
Mahimmanci!Don guje wa kamuwa da cuta daga tubers masu lafiya daga marasa lafiya, ana bi da su tare da katako na ash. Kafin dasawa crocuses, ana amfani da tubers tare da shirye-shiryen da ke ɗauke da jan ƙarfe, ko kuma ƙarancin maganin potassiumgangan.
Kwaro na lalacewa yayin ajiya
A wannan lokacin, ana duba kasancewar fure, lalacewa da cuta a kowane wata. Abubuwan da aka lalata dasa nan da nan aka watsar da su.
Mafi haɗari sune rodents: mice, berayen. Abun shigar su cikin daki tare da albasa bai yarda ba. Za'a iya cimma cikakkiyar keɓancewa daga ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwayoyi idan ana haɗa filayen a cikin gilashin ko kwantena baƙin ƙarfe kuma an rufe shi da ramuka tare da ramuka na samun iska.
Damuwa da inganci da adana kayan tsiro shine mabuɗin kyakkyawar fure na katako. Ba zai ɗauki lokaci mai yawa ba, amma zai ba da watanni da yawa na kwantar da hankali a cikin gidan gabaɗaya.
