Dangane da sababbin nau'in kayan noma iri iri, baƙar fata yana kallon sabon abu mai ban mamaki, tun da yake yana da zafi a cikin yankunan gida. Menene zan iya fada, ko da a sayarwa ba abu ne mai yiwuwa ba zai iya samun seedlings na rasberi "Cumberland", wanda shine dalilin da ya sa mutane da yawa ke kula da dasa shuki da kulawa. Duk da haka, an ba da wannan iri-iri ne mai daraja don manyan bishiyoyi masu launin ruwan inabi, kuma yana da dacewa don noma a cikin latitudes, yana iya yiwuwa har yanzu akwai masu lambu da zasu iya amfani da wadannan bayanai.
Tarihin da kiwo rasberi iri "Cumberland"
Ana amfani da iri-iri iri-iri na Cumberland a Amurka a farkon 1888, wanda ke nufin cewa wannan al'ada ya wuce shekaru 100.
An haifi wannan wakilin sanyi na makarantar Amurka na ƙwarewa ta hanyar gicciye bishiyoyin raspberries da rassan bishiyoyi, godiya ga wanda sabon shuka yana da dandano mai laushi. Zai yiwu shi ne godiya gareshi, da launin launi, cewa kayan inganci sun kasance shahararrun mutane a Turai da Amurka a duk shekarun nan.
Duk da haka, kamar yadda muka gani a baya, "Har yanzu akwai" Cumberland "a cikin jihohin da suka kasance wani ɓangare na USSR.
Bayani na Cumberland Rasberi
Wasu masu kula da lambu suna la'akari da Cumberland raspberries baƙi don zama blackberries (tare da madaidaiciya mai tushe), amma don tabbatar da cewa wannan batu ba ne, ya isa ya fahimci kanka da bayaninsa. Wannan tsire-tsire-tsire tana da ƙarfi, mai iko, mai tsayi mai tsawo, mai tsayi na mita 1.5.
Black rasberi ya fi son ƙasa mai kyau mai tsabta tare da kayan kirki. Bugu da ƙari, yana da matukar kyawawa cewa waɗannan shafuka suna a kan hasken hasken. Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna da ƙwaya, amma ƙwayayyen ƙwayayuwa, har ma sun kara da ƙananan launuka biyar.
Ganye na Cumberland iri-iri suna samuwa biyu ko fiye da mita daga jikin mutum, kuma rufin su suna cikin zurfin kimanin 20 cm, wanda ya ba da izini don sabawa da ba tare da tsoro ga shuka ba. Duk da haka irin wannan tsire-tsire yana jurewa sauyawa daga wurin ci gaba da rashin talauci, wanda ƙananan adadin adventitious ya bayyana. Kula (ciki har da samuwar kambi), an yi kamar yadda aka yi a cikin namo na kowane nau'i na rasberi.
Tsarin bishiya na fata ba daidai ba ne tare da canzawar talakawa, amma yawancin Cumberland ya fara daga baya: kusan a watan Agusta Satumba. An kafa 'ya'yan itatuwa a cikin harbe na bara, kuma farkon berries da suka bayyana sune girma a girman, kuma na gaba sun kasance ƙarami. Suna dandana dandana sosai kuma suna kama da blackBerry.
Idan ka shawarta zaka saya Cumberland baƙar fata, idan ka yanke shawarar fara girma da wannan nau'ikan iri-iri, to sai kawai ka zaɓa tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsiresaboda suna da ƙanƙancin sanyi fiye da sanannun ja raspberries (ko da yake Cumberland ya fi amfani a lokacin bushe).
Yana da muhimmanci! A lokacin damina akwai babban yiwuwar buga wannan nau'in da anthracnose, sabili da haka ana kula da tsire-tsire akai-akai don alamun wannan cuta. Wannan zai ba da lokaci don fara magani.
Akwai wasu siffofin da ke rarrabe raspberries baƙar fata daga sabaccen ja, wanda ya fi rinjayar da namo iri iri. Musamman ma, wani lambu ya san cewa:
- Cumberland ba ya samar da tushen harbe;
- yana da kyau fari juriya;
- da berries wannan iri-iri ba su da zarar idan cikakke;
- zai iya tsayayya da sanyi zuwa -30 ° C;
- raspberries baƙar fata suna da wuya su sha wahala daga cututtuka da kuma hare-hare na kwari fiye da takwaransa na ja;
- Ba ta bukatar kulawa ta musamman;
- Cumberland daji yana faɗakar da tsarin tushen tsarin.
Shin kuna sani? Babban bambancin dake tsakanin rasberi da blackberry iri daga blackberries shine 'ya'yan itatuwa masu girma suna iya cirewa daga tushe.
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su da kuma rashin amfani da iri-iri
Bisa ga bayanin Cumberland iri-iri, ana iya cewa ana kula da baƙar fata raspberries bazai zama mawuyaci ba, wanda ke nufin cewa ya dace da girma har ma da "masu tausayi".
Duk da haka, baya ga abubuwan da ke bayarwa (tsayayyar tsayayya ga kwari da cututtuka, yawancin 'ya'yan itatuwa da abin da aka sanya su da kyau a kan tushe, da rashin cikewar ci gaba da kuma buƙatar tsari don hunturu), akwai wasu rashin amfani da suke da daraja biyan hankali ga. Alal misali:
- da ƙasusuwa na berries ne tougher kuma ya fi girma fiye da wadanda na yau da kullum rasberi;
- akwai karin spines a kan harbe, wanda sau da yawa fashe fata a lokacin da girbi, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa trellis yana bukatar wani trellis ga girbi mai dadi: ta hanyar jingina da harbe a gare su kamar fan, za ku iya kauce wa microtraumas daga toshe spines;
- da iri-iri na buƙatar takaddun garkuwar rassan, domin in ba haka ba harbe zai zama tsayi, iyakarta za ta faɗi a ƙasa kuma girma a ko'ina.
Sakamakon haka, Cumberland kayan noma yana da noma na noma, amma sanin dukkanin nuances sama da lura da abubuwan da ake buƙata, za ku sami girbi mai karimci.
Lokaci da kuma zabi na wuri don dasa shuki noma seedlings
Kamar yadda muka gani, baƙar fata mai laushi ba shi da kariya. Zai iya girma kusan a ko'ina, tare da babban matakin rayuwa.
Duk da haka, shararrun lambu sun san ainihin yankin da irin wannan daji zai iya kawo girbi mafi girma.
Bugu da ƙari, a lokacin da dasa shuki Cumberland raspberries, wanda sau da yawa ya fara a watan Agustan, ya zama dole a la'akari da cewa kakar girma yana farawa da wuri, wanda ke nufin cewa ya fi kyau shuka a cikin fall don samun girbi. Kodayake wannan shawarwarin ya fi dacewa da yankuna ba tare da raguwa mai tsanani ba, yayin da ƙwayar matashi bazai tsira da sanyi ba.
Bugu da ƙari, wurin da lokaci na dasa, yana da daraja la'akari da maƙwabta da waɗanda suka rigaya na rasberi a yankin da aka zaɓa. Mafi maƙwabcin maƙwabci na Cumberland iri-iri ana dauke su ja, amma tare da wasu sauran "dangi" - BlackBerry - rasberi na baƙar fata ba zai iya "haɗuwa" ba. Amma ga shuke-shuke da suka rigaya, yana da wanda ba a ke so ya shuka iri-iri bayan amfanin gona na asali: tumatir, eggplants, dankali. Ya kamata a guje wa wuraren da irin wannan cututtuka, irin su verticillary wilting, an riga an kiyaye shi.
Ka'idodin dasa bishiyoyin rassan baƙar fata suna samar da yarda da bukatun don nisa tsakanin bushes. Saboda haka yana da muhimmanci kada ku dasa su kusa da juna, ko da yake duk da gaskiyar cewa ba su da tushe tushen harbe. Wannan zai taimaka wajen kaucewa tuddai da dukkan matsalolin da ke da alaka da su (musamman cututtukan fungal).
Yana da muhimmanci! Sanya mafi kyau tsakanin tsire-tsire yana da 80 cm, kuma tsakanin layuka na bushes yana kimanin mita biyu. Yin biyayya da wannan bukatu zai taimaka sosai wajen kulawa da kuma taimakawa wajen sarrafa wurin da rassan (kada su kasance a cikin haɗuwa da ƙasa).
Sabanin yarda da imani, ba zai yiwu ba la'akari da ingancin ƙasa a shafin da aka zaba domin bushes na Cumberland iri-iri. Don haka, ƙasa mai laushi mai kyau yana da haske sosai kuma ya ƙunshi mafi kyawun adadin ma'adanai da na gina jiki waɗanda zasu taimaka wajen samun kyakkyawan 'ya'yan itace. Har ila yau, wajibi ne a la'akari da cewa ba a lura da yanayin danshi a cikin ƙasa mai laushi ba, kuma tana kiyaye zafi da tsire-tsire suke bukata yayin da yake lokaci guda don tabbatar da iska.
Shirin mataki na Stepwise
Raspberry "Cumberland" tana nuna yawan amfanin ƙasa, amma a karkashin yanayin dasawa mai kyau da kulawa na gaba. Tsarin dasa shuki a shuka a wuri mai dorewa kamar haka:
- don seedlings digging rami zuwa zurfin 50 cm;
- cika su da humus kuma ƙara itace ash;
- rasberi seedlings an sanya shi a cikin rami kuma ɗauka da sauƙi a rufe shi da ƙasa a baya mixed tare da hadaddun da takin mai magani;
- An shayar da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, bayan haka ƙasar ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi za su cike da peat, yankakken bambaro ko kuma sunyi takin (wani launi na ciyawa ya zama 7 cm).
Yana da muhimmanci! Tunda Cumberland iri-iri iri-iri ke tsiro da tsayi kuma mai sauƙi, shekara ta gaba bayan dasa, dole ne a daura mai tushe ga trellis shigarwa. Zai fi kyau don ba da fifiko ga hanyar hanyar fanning, don haka zai zama sauƙin karɓar berries.
An yi amfani da tsire-tsire masu tsayi da tsayi mai tsawo don amfani da makircin gonar lambu, saboda su masu kyau ne don samar da siffofi daban-daban da kuma arches.
Tips don kula black raspberries "Cumberland"
Sabanin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu launin ja, baƙar fata ba ta samar da gefen gefen, wanda yana nufin yana da sauƙin kulawa da shi (akalla ba dole ba ne ka kwashe a cikin bazara, kawai cire rassan da aka daskare da rassan).
Duk da haka, don tattara girbi mai kyau na manyan kayan lambu masu launin ruwan duhu, har yanzu wajibi ne a bi wasu dokoki.
Shin kuna sani? Tare da kulawa ta dace (yarda da tsarin mulki na watering, ciyar da pruning) tare da daya daji za ka iya karba zuwa 7 kilogiram na berries. Cumberland bushes kai iyakar fructification ta shekara ta uku na rayuwa.
Da yawa na ban ruwa
Chokeberry baya buƙatar yawancin abinci har ma a lokacin zafi, wanda zai iya jurewa. Duk da haka, a lokacin da aka fara dasawa da kuma girbe 'ya'yan itatuwa a kan rassan (kusa da ƙarshen Yuni - farkon watan Yuli), danshi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa, don haka a wannan lokacin kada ku dogara da damuwa na fari na iri-iri kuma ya fi kyau a cika bushes tare da isasshen ruwa.
Ɗaya daji yana buƙatar ciyarwa a kalla lita 5 na ruwa kowace rana (yawan kuɗin da ake amfani dashi na ruwan sha ta hanyar shuka shine lita 3-5 na ruwa sau biyu a mako). Saboda haka, za a sami karin berries, kuma su kansu za su iya bambanta ta wajen manyan girma. Game da nau'in ban ruwa, za a ba da fifiko ga bambancin dudu, saboda daidai wannan iri-iri ne wanda ke da mahimmanci yana son.
Lokacin da kuma yadda za'a gudanar da miya
Tattaunawa mai kyau Cumberland raspberries shine wajibi ne don girbi mai albarka. Ya isa isa gudanar da hanyoyi sau uku a kowace kakar: a lokacin lokacin flowering (farkon watan Yuni), a farkon farawar ovaries (kimanin karshen Yuni), bayan sun tattara kashi na farko na amfanin gona. A cikin wadannan lokuta, shayar da aka yi da ruwa a cikin wani rabo na 1: 6 ya dace da muhimmancin taki (lokacin amfani da man alade, rabon zai bambanta - 1:15). Ɗaya daga cikin daji zai buƙaci lita 10 na irin wannan cakuda, amma bayan an yi amfani da taki taki a kusa da daji dole ne a zubar da ruwa tare da ruwa na ruwa (lita 5).
Bugu da kari, saboda yawan ovaries, raspberries buƙatar ciyar da amfani da mullein jiko gauraye da superphosphate (50 g) da ash (1 l). Ana kuma yi taki taki bayan zubar da furanni, a lokacin girbin 'ya'yan itace da kuma bayan girbin farko.
Zaka iya ciyar tare da amfani da nitrogen ma'adinai da takin mai magani. Suna samar da kyakkyawar girma da tsire-tsire.
Garter raspberries a kan trellis
A lokacin da girma chokeberry raspberries, trellis wani nau'i ne wanda ba za a iya gani ba na kowane lambu, godiya ga wanda aka girma girma a cikin hanya mai kyau tare da yiwuwar yin ƙarin gyare-gyare kamar yadda ya cancanta.
Zai yiwu a shigar da wani trellis nan da nan bayan dasa shuki na bushes (a farkon da kuma a ƙarshen jere), bayan sunyi katako ko katako a gefen gadaje. Tsakanin su suna shimfiɗa igiya ko waya akan matakai uku: na farko a tsawo na 0.5 m a sama, ƙasa na biyu - 1.3 m sama da ƙasa, kuma na uku - 1.6 m sama da ƙasa.
Tsarin tayi zai fara aiki a cikin shekara ta biyu bayan shigarwa. A matsayin madadin, zaka iya gyara bushes zuwa fences da ke kusa (idan an dasa tsire-tsire a kusa da su), amma kada ka manta cewa a cikin wannan yanayin, raspberries zasuyi girma da sauri, wanda a karkashin nauyin nauyin zasu fara farawa zuwa ƙasa kuma zai haifar sabon harbe. A sakamakon haka, daji za ta yi banza.
Black Rasberi Trim
Bugu da ƙari, watering da fertilizing, lambu sukan damu da yadda za a yanka raspberries baƙar fata, domin kiyaye shi da lafiya, ba shuka da kyau ba kuma ya kawo girbi mai kyau, wannan hanya ya zama dole. Dole ne a yi manyan pruning guda biyu a kowace shekara: a lokacin rani (a ƙarshen Yuni) da kuma a cikin fall, kafin lokacin farawar sanyi.
A lokacin rani, anyi hanya don ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa. Ta hanyar rage tsire-tsire a yanayin ci gaba, shekara ta gaba daga wannan wurin za ku sami rassan matashi, yin nau'in fan. Yana da a gare su cewa matasa harbe zai samar da kyakkyawan 'ya'yan itace. Lokacin da flowering ya ƙare (mafi yawa a ƙarshen Yuni), kana buƙatar zabi harbe wanda ya isa mita biyu kuma ya fiye su (har zuwa 30 cm), wanda zai taimaka wajen harbe don samun karfi.
Tun daga tsakiyar watan Satumba har zuwa karshen rabin watan Oktoba, ana gudanar da cikakke pruning na harbe shekaru biyu, yana barin dan shekara daya kawai yayi girma (za'a iya barin su zuwa 50 cm). Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da pruning a matsayin mafi tsabta, tare da raguwa da busassun rassan (tare da isowa na bazara, ana maimaita hanya mai tsabta: tsire-tsire masu tsaka-tsalle masu tsaka-tsalle suna ta raguwa, yana barin biyu zuwa shida buds akan kowace). Yana taimakawa shirya daji domin lokacin hunturu.
Bugu da ƙari, tsirrai harbe, a cikin fall daga kowace daji, fashe, rauni da kuma rassa-shafa rassan an cire, kuma kawai 5-8 mai shekaru karfi harbe kasance, wanda dole ne a daura zuwa goyon baya (trellis).
Ana shirya don hunturu
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa da zaka iya shirya raspberries baƙi don isowa na hunturu, kuma zaɓin wani zaɓi na musamman ya dogara da yanayin yanayi na wani yanki. Alal misali, an ba da cewa Cumberland raspberries an bambanta da wani mataki na tsauraran hunturu da kuma a karkashin yanayin da ba a san su ba, zaku iya barin bushes daura da trellista hanyar rike da shi ta kowace hanya. Saboda haka, ba iska ko snow zai iya lalata bushes.
Idan ana tsammanin tsammanin lokacin sanyi da sanyi, to, Za a iya yin tsire-tsire a hankali a ƙasa (ba ma low) kuma a cikin wannan matsayi don gyara rassan. Dusar ƙanƙara wanda zai rufe bishiyar zai kare shi daga sanyi. Tare da isowa na farko zafi, an sake tayar da raspberries tare da daura da trellis, bayan da yanke yanke da kuma cututtuka harbe.
Ganin dukan shawarwarin da ke sama, rasberi mai laushi zai iya ɗaukar wuri a shafinku kuma zai yi farin ciki da yawan girbi. Bugu da kari, a daidai lokacin da ke cika dukkan bukatun masana'antu, kula da tsire-tsire ba zai kawo maka kusan kowace matsala ba.
