Snapdragon - tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire na fure-shekara na shekara da shekara, wanda aka tsara shi a matsayin dangin Norichnikov, yanzu - Podorozhnik. Sunan kimiyya na kwayoyin halittar Antirrinum ne, ya hada da kusan nau'ikan 50, gami da wasu nau'in thermophilic na perennial shekara. Babban wakilin halittar shine Babban snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.). Kiwon duniya yana da ɗaruruwan nau'ikan iri da kuma hybrids, an sanya nau'ikan 10 a cikin rajista na ofungiyar Rasha. A cikin Ingilishi, ana kiran snapdragon Snapdragon.
Asalin da kuma bayyanar da shuka
An samo nau'ikan fure-fure na fure a cikin daji a cikin nahiyar ta Amurka, sannan kuma suka rarraba a Turai da Rasha.
Waɗannan ƙananan gefuna ne na siffar pyramidal tare da furanni masu sauƙi ko biyu na siffar wanda bai dace ba, wanda aka tattara a cikin inflorescences-goge kuma yana kan farfajiyar shinge.
Babban nau'in snapdragon shine girma shekara-shekara a Kudancin Turai (Faransa, Spain, Malta), Arewacin Afirka (Libya, Tunisia, Morocco) da Gabashin Asiya (Turkiya, Cyprus). A cikin waɗannan ƙasashe, ana amfani da al'adu don shimfidar wuraren shakatawa da titunan birni.
Tsarin shinge na lambu a cikin lambun titi
Nandanan daji (filin)
Tsarin snapdragon (Flax na daji, Flax flax) shine tsirrai mai tsinkaye, wanda ya kai girman santimita 60, tare da madaidaiciyar kai tsaye ko kuma ɗan ƙaramin tushe mai sauƙi, wanda akan sa lanceolate-layin-ganye ana shuka densely sosai.
Stearin mai tsarin siffofi daban-daban na iya samun tsinke a saman su. A cikin wannan maganin antirrinum na manyan harbe, an rufe su da danshin gashi. Furanni suna buɗe lokaci guda. Yawancin lokaci furanni na sama a cikin buroshi buɗe yayin da ƙananan sun riga sun bushe.
Furen furanni na iya zama rawaya, jan, shuɗi, violet galibi tare da sauƙin sauƙi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari - capsules har zuwa 2 cm tsawo tare da ƙananan wrinkled tsaba.
An samo tsire-tsire sau da yawa a ko'ina cikin ƙasar Rasha. Sau da yawa yana girma kamar ciyawa akan wuraren watsi, filaye, gangara, dutse, kan hanyoyi, a cikin gandun daji da ke birgewa. Hakanan, ana iya samun shi a cikin shirye-shiryen sirri.
Mahimmanci! Ana amfani da flax na flax na kowa shine tsire-tsire mai guba, musamman don shanu.
Yadda snapdragon blooms
A farkon lokacin rani, bushes samar da tsauraran kafaɗa tare da toshe goge. A cikin nau'ikan antirrinum na gida, buds a cikin goga, a matsayin mai mulkin, buɗe lokaci guda. A kan shuka ɗaya, za a iya kafa inflorescences 20-40 - spikelets, a kan kowane spikelet daga 5 zuwa 50 ko fiye da furanni, dangane da nau'ikan iri.
Kula! Yawancin furanni masu daukar fure-fure suna da, ya fi guntu da karancin buds a cikinsu, kuma mataimakin shi - dogayen bushes suna da karancin fure fure tare da adadin furanni.
Furannin suna da tsintsiya madaidaiciya ɗaya (zygomorphic), tare da tsawon 2 zuwa 5. cm daga ƙasa, bututu mai tsayi daban-daban, yana ƙare da furannin furanni. Ana kiran gajeren ciyayi "lebe na babba," mafi tsayi ana kiransu "ƙananan lebe." Magungunan antirrinum suna da adadi masu yawa - 4. Petals na iya samun madaidaiciya ko maƙura mai launi, monotonous ko launi mai launi, suna da aibobi na siffofi daban-daban. Furanni suna da ƙanshin m.
Furen Snapdragon
Lokacin da snapdragon blooms
An rarraba nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu da samari ta hanyar kwanakin fure:
- da wuri - ranakun kwanaki 60-70 bayan fara kakar girma - dwarf antirrinums, iri Machaon, Sakura Blossom;
- matsakaici - Bloom 70-90 kwanaki bayan farkon lokacin girma - yawancin nau'ikan tsayi;
- marigayi - an lura da furannin su sama da kwanaki 90 bayan fara kakar girma.
Lokacin fure don kowane iri daban-daban ne daban-daban kuma ya bambanta sosai har ma ga iri iri ɗaya daga ƙungiyoyi iri ɗaya. Sabili da haka, yayin ƙirar gadaje masu fure da masu haɗuwa, yana da muhimmanci a yi nazarin kwatancin nau'in snapdragon da tsire-tsire masu rakiyar sa. Dangane da tsawon lokacin fure, an rarraba maganin antirrinums zuwa:
- iri tare da ɗan kankanin lokacin furanni - har zuwa kwanaki 50 (Cinderella hyacinthaceous);
- iri tare da matsakaicin lokacin fure - daga kwanaki 50 zuwa 100 (Phoenix);
- iri tare da tsawon furanni - daga kwanaki 100 zuwa 150 (Arthur, Machaon);
- iri tare da dogon fure tsawon - fiye da kwanaki 150 (siffofin dwarf da perennials).
Dwarf antirrinum a hade tare da Lobelia da Petunias
Snapdragon yana nufin tsire-tsire masu jure sanyi, amma an zaɓi shekara saboda a sa lokacin ciyawar su ya ƙare kafin farawar daskararru, in ba haka ba tsire-tsire zasu yi kama da rashin bushewar shinge. Ya kamata a girma siffofin Perennial a cikin al'adun akwati kuma a canza su zuwa wuraren gabatarwa lokacin da yanayin sanyi ya shiga.
Snapdragon: tsayin tsirrai
Dogaro da tsayi da al'adun ado, ana rarrabe nau'ikan snapdragon:
- dwarf (m) - tsayin shuka 20-35 cm, diamita 20-30 cm, ya fi dacewa don girma a cikin tukwane, haɗe tare da duk amfanin gona;
- matsakaici - tsayi bushes daga 35 zuwa 60 cm, diamita 25-40 cm, a cikin gadaje fure gadaje al'adar solo ce;
- high - bushes 60-80 cm tsayi, 25-40 cm a diamita;
- gigantic - sama da 80 cm, a cikin jerin abubuwan shakatawa suna bayyana a bango ko a cikin hanyar shinge.
Antirrinums a bango
Iri da nau'ikan peranen snapdragon
Perennial iri ne a cikin babban bukatar tsakanin mai son lambu. Yi la'akari da mafi mashahuri.
Tween snapdragon
Varietya'idodin Twini suna nufin ƙaramin nau'in terry tare da tsirrai mai tsayi zuwa cm 30 Waɗannan su ne nau'ikan F1 hybrids - tsire-tsire masu launuka masu kyau, masu dacewa don girma a kan iyakoki da tukwane:
Tween Taka F1
- ruwan hoda mai duhu - Violet;
- m mai haske da fari - wardi;
- peach - Peach;
- Orange - Inuwa mai haske.
Twini Bronze Shades F1
Terry snapdragon
Terry dwarf iri-iri - ruwan sama na fure (Floral ruwan sama) shine launuka masu launuka masu yawa da aka samar da launuka daya-biyu, da uku-uku.
Ruwan fure
Rawaya ta Snapdragon
A cikin nau'ikan fure na Rain, ruwan rawaya iri ɗaya na wannan sunan ya fito waje. Wannan matasan ana iya hada shi lafiya tare da wasu tsirrai na kowane nau'in da launuka. Yana farawa bayan kwanaki 55-60 bayan shuka kuma ana saninsa da tsawon fure har sanyi.
Kamfanoni na shuka irin su Aelita, Altai Seeds da sauransu suna ba da jerin manyan san shekaru masu tsayi waɗanda ake kira Carnival na Brazil. Wadannan tsire-tsire masu sauki ne don shuka, sanduna masu yawa, sun dace da yankan cikin bouquets.
Carnival na kasar Brazil
Saukowa snapdragons a cikin ƙasa bude
Nasarar girma snapdragons a bude ƙasa shi ne shiri mai kyau na cakuda ƙasa. Wadanne dabaru ne kwararrun lambu ke amfani da shi lokacin da aka shuka amfanin gona? Za'a bayyana wannan daga baya.
Kula! Dangane da dalilan muhalli na filin buɗe ƙasa, snapdragon yana ɗaukar manyan buƙatu game da takin ƙasa da danshi.
Girma snapdragons daga tsaba
Yawancin nau'ikan sun ci gaba da yin fure ba tare da kwanaki 55-60 ba bayan shuka. Saboda haka, yana da kyau a shuka su seedling hanya. Lokacin da ke yanke hukunci lokacin shuka iri don shuka, an shirya su ta hanyar lokacin dasa tumatir a cikin yankin. Shekaru na 'yan seedlings da abubuwan da ake so na maganin antirrinum da tumatir don yawan zafin jiki a cikin lokacin shuka shima ya zo daidai.
Don shuka ɗaukar kwantattun kwantena ko filayen filastik tare da murfin kwance. A kasan kwandon dole ne a karkata zuwa ga magudana ban ruwa. An zaɓi ƙasa ta sararin samaniya tare da kyakkyawan tsari mai kyau-grained, an zuba shi a cikin akwati tare da Layer na 3.5-4 cm, ya jika daga kwalban feshi.
Ana shuka tsaba a hankali ba tare da binne su a ƙasa ba. Tun da suna ƙanana kaɗan, motsin hannu a lokacin shuka yana kama da yadda ake zuba gishiri. Akwatin an rufe shi da gilashin ko fim ɗin cellophane kuma an bar shi cikin haske a zazzabi na 18-22 ° C. Lokaci na Germination shine kwanaki 7-10. Lokacin da farkon harbe suka bayyana, an cire fim ɗin.
Mahimmanci! Tsarin snapdragon ba za a binne shi ba - ba za su fashe ta ƙasan ƙasa ba.
A seedlings da sauri budewa, a wannan lokacin suna bukatar da za a ɗauka da sauƙi tare da sako-sako da ƙasa kuma shayar, guje wa overmoistening na kasar gona. Lokacin da matasa harbe suka kai tsawon 4-5 cm, sai su fara nutse seedlings. An dasa nau'ikan ƙaramin a cikin kwalaye a nesa na 5 × 5 cm, kuma tsayi da tsayi ana dasa su cikin ɗigunan tukwane na 8 × 8 ko 10 × 10 cm.
Shuka shuka waje
Kafin dasa shuki furanni a gadajen furanni, ana sharan seedlings tsawon kwanaki 10-14 a cikin wani matsayi akai. An bar kwalaye ɗin a dama a cikin inuwa na buɗe bishiyoyi, da farko na mintuna 30 zuwa 40, yana kawo bayyanar cikakkun kwanakin cikin kwanaki uku zuwa huɗu.
Ilasa a cikin ciyawar an shirya shi a cikin kaka. Ana aiwatar da zurfin tono, ana shigar da abubuwa masu yawa na kwayoyin halitta: sharan gona na ƙasa an murƙushe shi har ƙasa, humus da peat suna kusa da farfajiya. Soilasar tana cike da takaddun ma'adinai mai ma'ana a farashin 40-60 g / m2.
Ana shuka tsire-tsire a gadaje na fure a nesa na 30 cm daga juna, ana shayar da ciyawa ƙasa tare da allura ko ciyawar ciyawa.
Snapdragon: yaduwa ta hanyar yanke
Yanke yana nufin hanyoyin ciyayi ne. Kuna iya zuwa wurin ta idan kuna buƙatar hanzarta yaduwar shuka da kuke so.
An yanke yankan 1 cm a ƙasa da internode, an saka shi tsawon awanni 1-3 a cikin mafita na Kornevin kuma a saka ruwa a cikin tushen, wanda zai ɗauki makonni 2-3.
Kula! Lokacin da tushen ya bayyana, ana dasa su a cikin akwati ko buɗewar ƙasa.
Yadda ake shuka shuka a shafin
Bayan dasawa seedlings, kula da snapdragons ya ƙunshi watering na yau da kullun, weeding da haske loosening na ƙasa. Kamar yadda shekaru suka yi, suna yankan ƙasa kamar yadda zai yiwu zuwa ƙasa ta amfani da kayan girke.
A lokacin bazara, tsire-tsire zasu buƙaci hadi na 3-4, musamman iri tare da dogon fure.
Zabi mafi kyawun wuri
A cikin yankuna tare da lokacin bazara mai zafi, ana iya dasa antirrinums a cikin inuwa m. Kyakkyawan zaɓi na shuka yana kusa da Lawn, wanda aka shayar da ruwa. Wannan ma'auni yana ƙaruwa da iska mai iska.
A yankin Tsakiya da arewa, snapdragon za su ji daɗi sosai a rana. A kasar gona a kan shafin ya kamata a da kyau drained.
Ciyar da snapdragon
Alamar suttura zuwa miya na iya kasancewa cewa tsirrai su daina yin sabbin tsintsaye, launin furanni ya zama launin toka, ganyayyaki ya zama rawaya.
A wannan yanayin, 40 g na urea an narke shi a cikin ruwa na 10 l kuma ana shayar da gadon filawa. A ƙarshen lokacin, za a buƙaci takin da ƙwayoyin potassium da takin mai magani: 20 g na superphosphate da potassium sulfate suna narkewa a cikin ruwa na l 10 na ruwa kuma ana shayar da bushes tare da wannan maganin.
Dole ne in tsunkule snapdragons kuma a yaushe
Chingoƙarin iri mai tsayi zai ba ka damar samun ƙarin saurin ƙafafun. Ana aiwatar da shi a tsararren tsirrai na 15 cm cm. Za a iya pin hawa hawa da dwarf sau da yawa lokacin bazara - wannan ma'auni yana ba da gudummawa ga samuwar ciyawar daji.
Yadda za a tattara ƙwayoyin snapdragon a gida
Don tattara tsaba, ciyawar fure ya kamata a ƙyale su girma sosai.
Idan ruwan sama da sanyi yanayi sa a cikin marigayi rani ko farkon damina, furanni ba su iya yin fure a cikin flowerbed. A wannan yanayin, an dasa shuka a hankali tare da tushe, an sake shi daga ƙasa kuma an dakatar dashi a cikin ɗakin bushe, kamar zubar bushewa.
Kula! Ana bushe furannin bushewa tsakanin tafukan, fara yada takarda don tattara tsaba, shirya da alama.
Shirye-shiryen hunturu
Duk da juriya na sanyi, ana canja jigilar perennial da tsawon fure zuwa gidan sosai kafin yanayin sanyi. In ba haka ba, wasu daga cikin furanni zasu rasa bayyanar kyakkyawa. Bushes na shekara-shekara iri ana dage farawa a cikin rami na takaddun.
Girma snapdragons a baranda
Haɗin furanni na bakan gizo a cikin tukunyar tukunya-furanni zai zama ado mai ban sha'awa na kowane baranda ko loggia. Tare da wannan shuka, babu shakka zaku iya mamakin maƙwabta, baƙi, masu kallo masu zaman kansu. Abubuwan da ke tattare da ɓarnar tsiro a cikin kwantena rataye ana bayyana su a ƙasa.
Ruwan fure na Snapdragon a cikin tukwane na fure
Snapdragon: nau'in dwarf mara miski
Don namowa a cikin tukunya, yana da kyau a shuka ire-ire iri da yawa daga cikin ruwan Riga na Flower sau ɗaya don samun cakuda launuka masu launuka. Misali, dodannin monophonic sunyi kyau tare: haske ja Crimson, Rawaya da fari-mai haske Sakura.
Don ƙarin gaurayawar yanayi, an zaɓi furanni tare da launuka daban-daban.
Asiri na masanin ilimin halittu! Ya kamata a dasa cakuda nau'ikan a cikin tukunya mai kauri, a nesa na 4-5 cm daga juna.
Yadda ake shuka tsaba don girma a tukwane
Shuka tsaba ba shi da bambanci da shuka iri don buɗe ƙasa. Bambanci shi ne cewa lokacin da ake girma cikin tukwane, ana yin ruwa ne a cikin kwantena kai tsaye. A lokacin dasawa, firam na harbe da tukwicin tushen an pinched ga tsire-tsire don hana ci gaban tushen tsarin a ƙarƙashin yanayin shuka mai kauri mai ƙarfi.
A cikin lokacin girma, ƙasa a cikin tukwane an haɗo shi da gandun dajin humate kowane kwana 10-12. Tare da cunkoson tsirrai, ci gaban cututtukan fungal yana yiwuwa a kansu. Don rigakafin, ana fesa su da Topaz. Tukwane masu furen fure a cikin baranda ba za su bar kowa ya shagala ba idan an kula da shi sosai.
Kyakkyawan kyakkyawa na snapdragon fure shine babban dalilin da yasa yakamata a dasa shi akan shafin sa ko anan kusa kusa da tukunya. Kamar yadda masaniya ta nuna, yan lambu da suka fara girmar maganin tsufa ba zasu iya dasa wannan fure ba, a kowace shekara suna yin gwaji tare da sabbin iri da kuma irinsu.
