Beets - ɗayan manyan albarkatu a cikin filin da lambun. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa yana da sauƙin shuka cikin shekara tare da sauran kayan lambu. Wasu daga cikin abubuwan aiwatar da wannan tsari zasu taimaka wajen samun ingantaccen kayan lambu.
Bayanin Shuka
Halin halittar tsire-tsire iri-iri na rhizome herbaceous na Amaranthaceae dangin beets yana da 10 daji da 2 masu nau'ikan daji. Ciyar da ƙwayar gwoza da talakawa (tushen). Kowa ya san ɗan fodder, sukari da tebur beets iri ne na ƙarshe.
Beets (kayan lambu) beets sun fi yawa
Beetroot mallakar al'adun shekaru biyu ne, kodayake ana yin noma a matsayin shuka shekara biyu kawai a yankuna na kudanci, inda tushen amfanin gona baya daskarewa a cikin hunturu. Ganyayyaki basal na shuka suna da girma, babba, m. A cikin shekarar farko bayan an dasa shuki, ana kafa amfanin gona, wanda a cikin lokaci yake narkarda yawanci sama da ƙasa. Ganyen jikinsu yana ƙunshe da abubuwa masu amfani da yawa. Petioles, ganye da ganyen gwoza suna fitowa cikin launuka iri-iri na shuɗi, ja da shunayya.
Kwanan nan, yawancin nau'ikan da ke da zagaye-zagaye, m, cylindrical, elongated-conical, rarar amfanin gona mai siffa iri-iri.
Furanni yawanci suna fitowa a cikin shekara ta 2 (wani lokacin a cikin 1st) a cikin axils na kananan ganye a kan madaidaiciyar madaidaicin tushe, wanda ya kai tsayi har zuwa 1 m. A cikin kowane paniculate inflorescence - 2-5 inconspicuous furanni tare da sauƙin perianth. Dogaro da lokacin tsiro, fure yakan faru a farkon ko ƙarshen lokacin bazara. Kuma a watan Agusta-Satumba ya rigaya ya yiwu a tattara 'ya'yan itatuwa a cikin nau'in kwayoyi masu ɗora, a cikin kowane ɗayan tsaba 3-5.
Bayan fure, gwoza mai tushe ta bayyana akan mai tushe, a cikin kowane ciyayi na glomerulus 3-5
Aikace-aikacen da fa'idodi
Anyi amfani da Beetroot don dalilai na abinci tun farkon karni 2 mil a cikin wasu ƙasashen gabashin. Daga baya, wannan al'ada ta zama babu makawa a Turai. An san cewa tuni a cikin Kievan Rus, an horar da beets a matsayin tushen amfanin gona. A yau, wannan kayan lambu ya samo tushe a cikin dukkanin latitude na duniya.
Rasha, Belarus da Ukraine sune shugabannin duniya a cikin girma-gwoza.
An bada shawarar salatin Beetroot don cutar rashin ƙarfi, hauhawar jini, da cututtukan hanta.
Gwannun gasa da gasa suna da kyau a cikin tsarin abinci don maganin cututtukan fata, gallstone da cututtukan dutse na koda, ciwon sukari, hauhawar jini, tashin zuciya. Wani hadadden tsari na ma'adanai, bitamin, fiber wanda ke cikin tsiron ya taimaka inganta hawan jini a cikin kwakwalwa, narkewa, da karfafa tsarin garkuwar jiki. An yi amfani da beets sabo ne kuma ana sarrafa shi don cututtukan zuciya, rikicewar ƙwayar cuta, ana bada shawara don amfani azaman maganin laxative mai laushi ga yara da manya, magani mai inganci don cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta da cututtukan mahaifa. Shredded matasa ganye da tushen kayan lambu taimaka a lura da fata cututtuka: konewa, ulcers, boils.
Ruwan ruwan 'ya'yan itace na wannan kayan lambu yana da ikon warkarwa na musamman. Yana da amfani musamman ga tsofaffi don lura da anemia, neurosis, hauhawar jini, atherosclerosis. Amma yana da matuƙar shawarar kada a ba shi ga jarirai 'yan ƙasa da watanni shida.
Girma beets seedlings
Ta hanyar dasa beets tare da seedlings, zaku iya samun amfanin gona a 'yan makonni kaɗan. Yawancin lokaci kawai farkon nau'in gwoza suna girma a cikin seedlings don samun kayan lambu na bitamin zuwa teburin da wuri-wuri. Ana yin shuka iri ne a cikin makonni 3-4 kafin dasa shuki.
Yanayin girma
Don seeding, an zabi hybrids waɗanda ke da siffar zagaye na amfanin gona kuma suna da tsayayya da harbi:
- Gidajen Masar,
- Bayanai 237,
- Detroit
- Cold resistant 19.
Rowarawar waɗannan nau'ikan suna da guntun tushe, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga rayuwa mafi kyau bayan nutsewa. Gwoza ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta cika girma a zazzabi na 16 ,C, akan buƙatar danshi ƙasa, yana buƙatar samun iska.
Dasa shuka
Ilasa don gwoza seedlings an fi saya duniya. Ofarin 250 ml na katako na itace zuwa lita 10 na hatsi na ƙasa zai zama kyakkyawan taki don tsiro na beetroot. Kwantena masu kwantena suna cike da ƙasa kuma an cuce su da kyau, sunadarai, an zubar da su tare da maganin maye na fungicides Maxim, Fitosporin (bisa ga umarnin) don kare seedlings daga insidious "baƙar fata kafafu" a nan gaba.
Sown tsaba a cikin bushe bushe ko riga sprouted, a baya soaked a cikin wani rauni bayani na potassium permanganate da shekara da yawa kwanaki a cikin laushi abu. Hanya ta biyu tana ba ku damar cire kwastomomi masu ƙarancin daraja waɗanda ba su ƙyanƙyashe su ba.
Gwoza tsaba za a iya dasa kafin shuka
A matsayin akwati don seedlings amfani da kwalaye, kofuna waɗanda filastik. Idan akwai ɗan ƙaramin abu mai zurfi kuma baya ɗaukar sarari da yawa akan windowsill, yafi sauƙin shuka shi a cikin katako na shirye-shiryen girke-girke na gida, gyada peat.
Beetroot seedlings suna amfani da kwantena na filastik
An baza tsaba kuma an rufe ta da ƙasa 1-2 cm, raguna tare da katako, amfanin gona na shayarwa. Ana rufe kwantena da gilashin rigar ko filastik kuma a sanya shi cikin wuri mai dumin-dumu. Kafin bayyana, yana da kyawawa don kula da zafin jiki na 18-20 ° C. Nan gaba, an rage shi zuwa 16 ° C.
Mafi kyawun wuri don shuka bayan fitowar shine greenhouse.
Kulawar seedling
Gwoza seedlings ana shayar 2 sau a mako, bayan wannan kasar gona a hankali kwance tare da itace don hana ɓawon burodi ɓawon burodi. A cikin ƙasa mai ingancin gaske, akwai riga duk abubuwan da suka zama dole don haɓaka sprouts. Don haɓaka mafi kyau, yi sutura mai tsayi tare da takin mai magani tare da ma'adinan ma'adinai: Girma, Don seedlings, kayan lambu ko takin mai magani Krepysh, Sotka, Fertika (bisa ga umarnin).
Gwoza seedlings ana shayar sau 2 a mako.
Zaba
Kowane ƙwayar gwoza glomerulus ya ƙunshi daga 2-7 tsaba, saboda haka, seedlings suna buƙatar thinning da ɗaukar hoto. 'Ya'yan itacen da aka shuka a cikin kofuna, cassettes, da sauran kwantena masu filaye na iya yin ba tare da ɗauke ba. A cikin akwati, lokacin da ganyen cotyledonous na farko suka bayyana, ya kamata a fitar da tsire-tsire na bakin ciki. Idan an shirya yin amfani da tsire-tsire da aka cire gaba kamar kayan abu, na bakin ciki a hankali, ɗaukar fitar da tsiron tare da ƙasa tare da cokali na musamman don kada a lalata tushen.
Dive seedlings ana shayar da kuma dasa su a cikin ƙasa kamar shuka.
Lokacin da ganye na cotyledon na farko ya bayyana, ya kamata a saɗaɗa ƙwayar gwoza da nutsewa
Dasa shuka
Lokacin fara shuka shuki, yi la'akari da tsarin zazzabi: ƙasa ya kamata ya dumama zuwa 8-10ºC, kuma iska - har zuwa 16ºC. Zai fi kyau a jira har sai barazanar dawowar bazara ta wuce.
Gwada kada ku ƙyale seedlings ya yi yawa. Tushen da ke tushensa ya lalace kuma ana samun saannan tushen amfanin gona daga gare su. Bugu da kari, irin wadannan 'yan tsirrai suna da rauni sosai. Alamar da ake karantawa don dasa shuki shine kasancewar ƙarancin ganye na 3-5 a cikin shuka. Ana cire ƙwayar Seedlings a hankali tare da ƙasa tare da itace na musamman. Idan kashin baya daɗewa, an sa shi cikin daskararren mullein da yumɓu (1: 1).
Beetroot seedlings an cire su a hankali tare da ƙasa tare da itace na musamman kuma suna dasa shi zuwa gonar.
Matsayi don beets ya kamata ya kasance da hasken rana sosai, saboda a cikin inuwa ana tsawaita tsire-tsire, tushen amfanin gona baya haɓaka al'ada. An shirya wurin kafin lokacin, zai fi dacewa a lokacin bazara. Tona ƙasa zuwa zurfin 30 cm kuma takin ta da kwayoyin (3 kg / m2), takin gargajiya (40-50 g / m2), ash ash (300 g / m2).
Sun fara sauka da yamma, suna zaɓar ranar girgije. Nisa tsakanin ramuka aƙalla 8 cm, zurfin su ya dace da tsawon tushen. Wells moisturize (250 ml na ruwa), sa fitar da tsire-tsire, ƙoƙarin kada tanƙwara tushen; yayyafa duniya, rufe ƙasa. Tsakanin layuka sun bar 25-30 cm.
Ta hanyar haɓaka nesa tsakanin tsire-tsire, zaku iya cimma manyan albarkatun tushe, amma ba ingancinsu ba. Tushen kayan lambu na matsakaici ana ɗauka mafi dadi, mai daɗi da m.
Ba za a fallasa tsire-tsire masu tsiron kunar rana a kunar rana a jiki ba idan an dasa ta tsawon kwanaki tare da kayan rufe.
Watse
Bayan dasa, ana shayar da seedlings a kowace rana har sai an dasa tushen da tushe. Ana yin ƙarin ban ruwa dangane da yanayin yanayin sau 3-4 a kowace kakar. Don barin da kyau a wanke da kuma wartsake, shi ne mafi alh tori yi sprinkling. Gardenerswararrun lambu suna ba da shawara ta amfani da ruwa tare da ƙari na tebur mai gishiri (1 tbsp. / 10 l) don shayarwa, wanda ke haɓaka tarin sukari na beets kuma yana kare ganye daga kwari masu cutarwa da yawa.
A 1 m2 kashe kusan lita 20 na ruwa. Yawan danshi yafi hatsari sama da fari. Yi ƙoƙarin hana zafi mai zafi, wanda ke taimakawa ci gaban fungi. Sarancin da zai biyo baya bayan an sha ruwa zai hana bayyanar da ɓoyayyen ƙasa.
Don mafi kyawun inganci da sukari da keɓaɓɓun kayan amfanin gona, ana ba da shawarar dakatar da shaƙa weeksan makonni kafin girbi.
Yayyafa da aka wanke da kuma wartsake gwoza ganye
Manyan miya
Beets babban lolo ne na ƙasar m. Amma kada kuyi overdo shi da takin nitrogen. An gabatar dasu a farkon matakin ci gaba a cikin kananan allurai. A nan gaba, gabatarwar nitrogen abu ne wanda ba a so, tunda zai tara kamar nitrates. Mafi kyawun takin zai zama mafita na mullein (1:10) da tsagewar tsuntsu (1:20).
Don a saka ruwa mai gina jiki a cikin ƙasa, an yi ƙaramin tsayi 5 cm daga tsire-tsire. Yi amfani da lita na 10-12 a minti 102. Lokacin da aka rufe ganye akan tsire-tsire, za'a iya ciyar dasu da takin mai magani na phosphorus-potassium.
Bayan rufe ganye, ana ciyar da beets tare da takin mai magani na phosphorus-potassium.
Ash ash yana da ikon cika ƙarancin potassium a cikin ƙasa. An watsa shi a kan gadaje gwoza (1.5 l / 10 m2) kuma dole ne a shayar dasu.
Domin guje wa amfanin gona na fibrous, ana yin miya da kayan kwalliya tare da maganin shaye-shaye na boric acid (2 g / 10 l). Kuna iya satse kayan lambu tare da potassium ta amfani da madara lemun tsami (200 g lemun tsami / 10 l na ruwa). Manyan kayan miya na Foliar suna ba da izinin shuka don ɗaukar abubuwa masu mahimmanci da sauri kuma tare da fa'idodi mafi girma, yana hana yawan ƙwayar takin gargajiya.
Girma beets a bude ƙasa
Girma beets a cikin ƙasa buɗe ko da ma farkon mai farawa. Shuke-shuke da aka shuka nan da nan cikin gonar suna girma da sauri kuma sun fi tsayayya da yanayin yanayi.
Gwada da yawa lambu, hanyar dasa beets ne tare da gefen kunya a cikin kusa da tumatir, karas, albasa da tafarnuwa.
Beetroot yana jin daɗin gefen gefen gonar a kusa da albasa, tafarnuwa, karas
Shuka beets a cikin ƙasa bude
Mafi sau da yawa, ana shuka beets a bazara a zazzabi na ƙasa na 10 ° C. An rarraba tsaba a kan ɗakin kwana mai laushi da laima a cikin nauyin 2 g / m2, yi barci tare da ƙasa a 2 cm kuma ƙarfafa shi sosai. Shuka hunturu (ƙarshen Oktoba - farkon watan Nuwamba) ya fi ƙarfin aiki: suna yin tsagi 4 cm mai zurfi, suna ƙara yawan seeding zuwa 3 g / m2, haɗa ƙasa sosai, tabbatar da rufe shi da kayan mulching. Nisa tsakanin tsaran ya kamata aƙalla 20 cm.
A ƙarshen Oktoba - farkon watan Nuwamba, ana shuka beets kafin hunturu
Ba lallai ba ne a jiƙa da tsiro tsaba don shuka shuka, kamar yadda za su iya daskarewa kuma ba saɓo.
Kulawar Shuka
Don tsaba su iya ƙyanƙyashe da yardar kaina, an jera layin-sarari tare da shinge a layuka. Bayan bayyanar seedlings, gadajen an sako shi, an shayar da shi sau 2. Jinkirta tare da thinning na iya haifar da raunana seedlings, saboda haka suna ƙoƙarin aiwatar da shi da wuri-wuri.
- Farkon irin wannan hanyar ana aiwatar da shi kai tsaye bayan bayyanar ganye na gaskiya ta farko, cire karin utsanyen fure da barin nesa tsakanin ofa seedlingsan 3-4 cm.
- Bayan bakin ciki na biyu, nisan ya karu zuwa 8-10 cm, an bar ragowar tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi.
Noma a kai a kai yana inganta ci gaban albarkatun gona.
Noma a kai a kai yana bayar da gudummawa ga ci gaban amfanin gona, yana sanya ƙasa ta zama iska
Sha ruwa da kayan miya iri daya ne kamar yadda ake girma a cikin shuka. A tsakiyar watan Yuli, za a iya shuka beets a karo na ƙarshe, amma tushen amfanin gona zai yi ƙarami sosai.
Bi dokokin juya amfanin gona! Mafi kyawun magabata na beets su ne eggplant, albasa, cucumbers, tumatir, legumes da amfanin gona. Ba lallai ba ne don samar da gadaje gwoza a wurin da beets, kabeji, dankali da karas suka girma.
Bidiyo: yadda ake shuka beets
Girma beets a cikin wani greenhouse
Shuka beets a cikin gidan kore yana da fa'idarsa: samun wadataccen albarkatu a cikin shekara, ingantacciyar kariya daga kwari da sauƙi na kulawa. Ana ba da shawara ga masanan lambu da su yi girma a cikin nau'ikan musamman na greenhouse waɗanda suka dace da yanayin greenhouse. Daga cikinsu akwai ingantattun abubuwa:
- Ataman
- Bordeaux
- Detroit
- Boltardi
- Burpiz Golden,
- F1-Pablo,
- Ja kwallon
- Cold jurewa.
Da jerin ayyukan don girma seedlings a cikin gadaje greenhouse:
- Yi la'akari da tsarin zafin jiki (ƙasa ya kamata ya dumama zuwa 8-10game daC, da iska - har zuwa 17game daC) yin kyakkyawan fitila a cikin greenhouse.
- Saurin haɓakar ganye mai haɓaka shuka zai takin ƙasa, ya ba da ma'anar acidity. Ya dace da wannan dalili shine faski, mustard, salads.
- Sown tsaba a watan Fabrairu-farkon Maris. Kudin shuka iri daya ne da na bude ƙasa.
- Lokacin da ganye na farko na farko suka bayyana, a hankali ana murƙushe seedlings a hankali, barin wata nisa tsakanin ofan 8 cm cm (dangane da girman amfanin amfanin gona).
- Yi sauƙin tsauni na sprouts.
- Don dalilai na hanawa, ana shayar da tsire-tsire tare da maganin rauni na potassiumganganate.
- Don kauce wa tushen tushe da tsaurin tushen amfanin gona, ana shayar da tsire-tsire a kai a kai tare da ruwa mai zafi (aƙalla 20)game daC) Watering yakamata ya zama matsakaici don kada babban zafi yayi tasiri ga cigaban cututtukan fungal.
- Ranar bayan kowace ruwa, an kwance ƙasa, an cire ciyayi.
- Lokaci zuwa lokaci na daga cikin daki.
- Ana ciyar da gadaje na Greenhouse tare da ash ash (150 g / m2), bayan wannan dole ne a shayar dasu.
Kokwamba da tumatir za su kasance kyakkyawan maƙwabta don beets a cikin greenhouse. Za a iya canza layuka na waɗannan kayan lambu. Ba a so a shuka barkono, dill, da kayan ƙwari a nan kusa.
Maganin farko na bitamin shine ganyen gwoza, waɗanda suka sami isasshen ƙarfi. An cire su yayin da suke girma, 2-3 daga kowane daji. Cire ma fi yawa ya raunana ci gaban amfanin gona.
Fresh beetroot ganye ne mai kyau ƙarin don kayan lambu mai narkewa, salads, miya
A tsakiyar ƙarshen Mayu, ya rigaya ya yiwu a fara girbin kayan zaki, ƙananan amfanin gona mai tushe. Lokacin da yellowness a kan ƙananan ganye da wilting ya kamata a girbe. Jinkirta na iya haifar da yunƙurin fure (fure), kuma tabbataccen asarar 'ya'yan itace.
Nutrientsarin abubuwan gina jiki, ba shakka, a cikin sabo, kayan beets. Ana iya adanar shi a cikin firiji na kimanin makonni 2, har ma ya fi tsayi a cikin cellar.
Cutar da kwari
Etsaukar beets sau da yawa zama mazaunin cututtukan daji da kwari iri-iri. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci don bincika bala'i a cikin lokaci da sauri don ajiye amfanin gona.
Anyi
Dasa beets kowane lokaci a wuri guda na iya haifar da tarin kamuwa da cuta a cikin ƙasa. Bugu da kari, zoospores na wani hadarin naman gwari wani lokaci yakan harba tsaba. Sau da yawa, yaduwar cututtukan cuta yakan faru ne gabanin ci gaban ci gaba a cikin ganyayyaki 4-5. Bayyan farin kyandir shine alamar farko ta mai ci.
Sanadin cutar sune daskararruwar bazara, iska mai kaifi cikin yanayin dare da rana. Soilasa mai laushi mai laushi wuri ne mai kyau don ci gaban yawancin jinsunan wannan naman gwari.
Misali, Fusarium yana bayyana akan tushen bishiyoyin a jikin sikirin da ke dauke da sikirin mycelium. Sakamakon rashin nasarar Rhizoctonia, launin mycelium launin ruwan kasa akan tsire.
A mafi yawan lokuta, 'yan' ya 'ya' yan kukan ne kawai suke mutuwa kafin su isa ga farfajiya. Rashin sani game da cutar, yan lambu sun mayar da amfanin gona mai nauyi.
Tushen mai ci kuma yana bayyana akan tushen tsoffin tsirrai tare da baki pycnids na naman gwari Phoma betae. Tsire-tsire masu ƙwayar gwoza ya juya ya zama rawaya ya mutu. Ko da bayan murmurewa daga cutar, tushen irin waɗannan beets suna samun bayyanar rashin kayan masarufi, suna rasa abun da ke cikin sukari.
Beetroot tushen grower tasowa da sauri a cikin nauyi, ƙasa m.
Hanyoyin hanawa sune:
- limanci;
- amfani da takin zamani na boron;
- da amfani da zuriya masu maye;
- yarda da mafi kyawun tsarin zazzabi don shuka: ƙasa a ƙalla 8ºC da kuma iskar zafi aƙalla 60%;
- kwance gadaje gwoza bayan murƙushe ƙasa.
- mulching amfanin gona tare da na banza shuka sharan, peat.
Fomoz
Alamar farko ta cutar ita ce bayyanar a kan ƙananan ganyen shuka na abubuwan da aka fi maida hankali akan launin ruwan kasa ko launin shuɗi. Daga baya, ƙananan dige baƙi suna bayyana akan ganyayyaki. Cutar tana da haɗari saboda bayan mutuwar fi, bushe rot na zuciyar yana faruwa, wanda ba shi yiwuwa a lura.
Cutar na tsokanar ta ta hanyar fadowar iska mai tsananin nauyi da ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya da ke wucewa, matattarar ke haifar da zafi. Rashin rashi ko rashi na boron a cikin ƙasa kuma na iya haifar da ƙwayar cutar ƙwaƙwalwa. Mai kawo hadari pathogen zaune a kan iri mai tushe da tsaba na beets, yana sauƙaƙe jure iska.
Bayan gano cutar a cikin ganyayyaki, abu na farko da ya kamata ka yi shi ne ƙara borax (3 g / m²) a ƙarƙashin tushen beets da kuma sanya foliar saman miya a kan ganye tare da maganin maganin maganin boric acid 5 g / 10 l.
Ganyen an rufe shi da abubuwan da aka fi maida hankali a hankali na mutu sakamakon cutar ƙwarjamau, kuma busassun bushe yana tasowa a cikin zuciyar amfanin gona
Cercosporosis
Cercosporosis cuta ce mai haɗari wacce zata iya kashe fiye da rabin amfanin gona. A cikin ganyayyaki na sama, an samo ƙananan fuloti masu haske tare da kan iyaka ja, ƙananan ganye an rufe su da launin shuɗi mai haske. Ana cutar da cercosporiosis, ganyayyaki sun bushe, kuma tushen amfanin gona da sauri ya lalace, ingancin riƙe su ke ƙaruwa.
Don hana tabo tabo, ana amfani da ƙasa kafin a shuka ƙwayar cuta tare da fungicides, kuma tsaba tare da Agat-25. Ana ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da takin gargajiya.
Haske mai haske tare da iyaka mai ja - alama ce ta cercosporosis
Fusarium, launin ruwan kasa, ja
Fusarium yana shimfidawa sau da yawa ga tsire-tsire masu lalacewa. Lowerananan ƙananan ganye, busassun tushe na petioles, fasa a cikin tushen amfanin gona tare da farin abin da ke ciki sune alamun wannan nau'in rot.
Brown rot, bi da bi, yana haɓaka da babban zafi da wuce haddi na nitrogen a cikin ƙasa. Cutar tana halin da ake haifar da plaque mai haske akan ƙasa da kuma ganye. A cikin tsohuwar kayan lambu, farar fata na ciki da na waje na tsokar nama necrotic. Ana cire kayan lambu da ya shafa ba tare da an adana su ba.
Don dalilai na prophylactic, kayan miya na saman foliar an yi tare da boron, bayan ban ruwa, ƙasa ta kwance.
Kada a adana kayan aikin tushen Rotten
Red rot (jin cutar) ba karamar hadari ba ga beets. Abubuwa masu launin Volumetric masu launin launin launin fata suna bayyana akan albarkatun gona, wanda ya rufe sclerotia na naman gwari na lokaci mai tsawo. Dole ne a raba 'ya'yan itatuwa masu lalacewa nan da nan daga masu lafiyayyen don guje wa kamuwa da cuta.
Karin kwari
Mafi sau da yawa, gadaje na beetroot suna jin haushi daga masu lalata kwaro: na yau da kullun da kuma hakar ma'adinai, ƙwal, kwari kwari, scoops da aphids. Mutane manya da larvae lalata ganye da kuma tushen beets. Yin gwagwarmaya da kwari yafi sauki fiye da yakar cututtuka.
Idan an samo aphids akan beets, bi da shuka tare da jiko na albasa husks
A mafi yawan lokuta, zaku iya yi ba tare da sunadarai ba, lura da ka'idoji masu sauƙi na fasaha na aikin gona. Wajibi ne kada a keta buƙatun jujin amfanin gona, don cire ciyayi a kan gadaje na gwoza da ke kusa, a cikin kaka don aiwatar da digging mai zurfi.
Bayan gano kwari, yi ƙoƙarin yin amfani da ƙananan abubuwa masu haɗari da farko:
- tun da aka fi sanya rigakafi da albasa kwasfa ko warin itace, zaka iya kawar da aphids. Don shirya jiko, ɗauki 1 kilogiram na taro mai bushe, niƙa shi kuma zuba ruwa 10 na ruwa, tafasa na mintina 15, nace awanni 3-4 da tace;
- Tsutsotsi na wormwood da aka shirya a cikin hanyoyin taimakawa daga aphids da kwari kwari;
- ciyawar ciyawar ciyayi da toka, ciyawar sigari ko ganyayyaki tare da jiko na ash na tsoratar da wata gogewa, larvae wacce ta koma kan tushen shuka. A girke-girke na ash jiko ne mai sauki: kai 1.5 tbsp. ash, Mix da kyau kuma nace 1 rana. A sarrafa beets rauni jiko a bushe weather.
An yi amfani da yaduwa tare da mafita na shirye-shiryen ƙwayoyin cuta Bitoxibacillin (1%) da Gomelin (0.5%) a cikin yaƙi da nau'ikan sikelin. Leavesarfin ganye na beetroot mai ƙarfi, abin tunawa da yadin da aka saka, yana nuna ƙarfin mamayewa na kwari da garkuwar gwoza. A wannan yanayin, ana amfani da Aktara, Karbofos, Spark kwari (bisa ga umarnin).
Yin rigakafin
Matakan da ake bi don magance cututtukan gwoza da kwari sun hada da:
- dasa shuki iri dake iya kamuwa da cuta;
- yardawar amfanin gona;
- jiyya iri kafin shuka;
- taki kasar gona da tsirrai.
- lokacin girbi;
- aiwatar da ayyukan gona;
- akai saka idanu na landings.
Girbi da adanawa
Nau'in farkon albarkatun gona na farkon nau'in gwoza an girbe su a Yuli. Beate-ripening beets, wanda za'a iya adana har zuwa ƙarshen bazara, ana haƙa a farkon kaka, lokacin da ganyayyaki suka juya launin toka kuma ganyayen sun fara bushewa.
Don tsaftacewa, zaɓi ranar bushewa. Da farko, sun tono tushen amfanin gona tare da farar fata. To, suna riƙe hannaye a fi, an cire su daga ƙasa. Blarshen maƙarƙashiyar wuƙa a hankali yana cire ƙasa daga tushe, kuma yanke ganye tare da kaifi, yana barin har zuwa 2 cm na petioles. Tushen amfanin gona masu lalacewa (sun lalace, ba lalatattu) an rarrabe su nan da nan. An bushe beets mai bushe a cikin sabon iska, sannan kuma kusan mako guda a cikin ɗakunan da ke da iska mai kyau (ƙananan labule), inda rana ba ta duba ba.
An zaɓi beets waɗanda aka zaɓa a farko a cikin sabon iska
Ana yanyanka ɓarnataccen ɓarnar da keɓaɓɓun kayan amfanin gona kai tsaye, girbi don kayan yaji, salati na gwangwani.
Gwangwani beetroot salads - babban girbi don hunturu
Lokacin da aka bushe ganye, an lalata beets tare da alli kuma a saka su a cikin cellar. Abubuwan amfanin gona suna da kyau a kiyaye su a yanayin zafi daga 0 zuwa 2 ºC, a ɗakuna masu samun iska mai kyau. A wurare masu zafi, beets sun washe, fara “dugu” da juyawa.
Hanyar da aka tabbatar ita ce adana amfanin gona a kan goyon bayan 15 cm ko ƙari a cikin akwatunan katako ko filastik santimita 20 daga bango.Ra'ikun beets a cikin akwatuna suna yayyafa da yashi, busassun peat ko sawun daga softwood (3-4 cm Layer).
A cikin yashi, ana kiyaye beets da yawa
Yawancin lambu suna yin adanar beets a cikin babban dankali. Tushen Tushen yana cike da danshi mai kafewa daga dankali da bushe ƙasa.
Yanayin girma a yankuna daban daban
Beetroot shine amfanin gona mai tsananin zafi wanda yake yin illa ga zafi, ƙarancin zafi da rashin ingantaccen haske. Sabili da haka, a wasu yankuna yana da wuya a sami kyakkyawan girbi na wannan kayan lambu, musamman don sababbin lambu.
Misali, lokacin rani kusa da Moscow yawanci ruwa ne da ba ya farantawa da zafi mai yawa, rana ta zama tilas ta zama beets a farkon lokacin girma. Amma duk da haka, zaku iya shuka amfanin gona mai girma ko da a cikin yanayin Yankin Moscow, tunda kun sami wasu dabaru na fasahar aikin gona kuma ku ɗauki iri dabam dabam. Da farko, kuna buƙatar sanin ƙayyadadden kwanan watan. A cikin kewayen birni, ƙasa tana yin zafi har zuwa 8 ° C a cikin rabin rabin May. A wannan lokacin, an fara shuka iri iri a farko. Daga baya iri za a iya dasa kawai a farkon ko tsakiyar Yuni. Idan kuna shirin cin kayan lambu kai tsaye don abinci, nau'in ripening da wuri ya dace da namo:
- Barguzin,
- Bordeaux
- Detroit
- Mona
- Kestrel,
- Cin nasara.
Abincinsu wanda za'a iya girbe shi a watan Yuli. Tushen amfanin gona na iri-iri-iri na yankin na Moscow:
- Bona
- Mulatto
- Wanda ba zai yiwu ba
- Silinda.
'Ya'yan itãcen waɗannan nau'ikan sun nace har sai bazara, sun fi tsayayya da cuta. Yana da haɗari don shuka nau'in gwoza na ƙarshen a cikin yanayin Yankin Moscow, saboda tushen amfanin gonarsu na iya bazuwa har sai lokacin sanyi na farko.
Wasu mazauna bazara suna amfani da gadaje masu ɗumi, a kansu wanda suke sarrafa tsiro iri-iri Ataman, Torpeda, Odnorostkovaya.
Yankunan Arewa Maso Yammaci da Yammacin Gabas suna sanyin sanyi da kuma lokacin taƙaitaccen lokacin bazara. Mazauna wadannan yankuna ya kamata su fi son farkon nau'in sanyi da za a iya ɗaukar ɗan gajeren lokaci. Yankakken nau'ikan Siberia:
- Bayanai 237,
- Ba zai yiwu A-463 ba,
- Podzimnaya A-474,
- Siberian lebur,
- Cold jurewa.
Ganin ba da tsalle-tsalle a cikin zafin jiki, yawancin lambu suna ba da shawarar girma beets a Siberiya kawai ta hanyar shuka, dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa ba a farkon tsakiyar Yuni ba.
Beetroot abinci ne mai mahimmanci kuma ga kowannenmu. Amma dole ne kuyi aiki tukuru don samun samfurin bitamin mai laushi a duk shekara.
