Alpine astra - ana kiransa Korzhinsky aster ko arya, kuma wani lokacin sukan rikice kuma ana kiran su Alpine chamomile. Wannan murfin ƙasa mai cike da ciyawa ya samo asali a cikin lambuna na Rasha, kamar yadda ake rarrabe shi ta hanyar rayuwar da ba a taɓa samu ba da kuma shimfidar tabarau mai arziki.
Menene ma'anar kwalliyar kwalliya?
Furanni da gaske suna kama da na yau da kullun na yau da kullun, amma wannan shine inda kamanceceniya tare da kayan kwalliyar kwalliya. In ba haka ba, shuka yana da fasali masu ban sha'awa da yawa.
Sanarwar da shuka ke faɗi shine cewa aster herbaceous perennial aster ya haɗu zuwa 35 cm a tsayi, amma akwai nau'in dwarf kawai 10 cm mai tsayi.The mai tushe da kuma obovate ganye na duhu kore launi na iya zama pubescent.
Aster alpinus
Inflorescences kwanduna guda ne a ƙarshen kafa mai tushe har zuwa 5.5 cm a diamita. Yana fure tare da farin, ruwan hoda, Lilac, furanni masu launin shuɗi daga Yuni zuwa Agusta. Nau'in farkon suna kamawa a watan Mayu da kuma Bloom har sai Yuli, kuma daga baya a Yuli kawai Bloom, amma ci gaba da farantawa ido har sai sanyi. Daga ƙeƙasassun furanni masu ƙwaya da furanni masu launin fari ana kafa su, tun daga Satumba.
Don tunani! Aster alpinus nasa ne daga jinsin dicotyledonous da dangin asters (Asteraceae).
Akwai nau'ikan iri iri a cikin al'adun, suna da magabata guda ɗaya, wanda Karl Linnaeus ya bayyana a cikin 1753. Gaba ɗaya, nau'ikan dabbobin daji uku na Alpine Aster an san su:
- Serpentimontanus (Zmeinogorskaya) - tsire-tsire masu tsiro na 8-10 cm tsayi, furanni 3.5-4 cm a diamita pinkish-purple tare da rawaya mai launin shuɗi, yana fifita tsakuwa da dutsen da ke kusa da koguna;
- Tolmatschevii (Tolmacheva) - ya bambanta da Zmeinogorsk ɗaya ta kowane fure mai girma, cikakke furen rawaya mai haske;
- Vierhapperi ita ce mafi tsayi iri har zuwa 35 cm tsayi, fure tare da furanni masu ruwan hoda daga Yuni zuwa Yuli, ana samun su a Gabashin Siberiya, Alaska, Western Canada, da Colorado.
A cikin yanayin yanayin, alpani aster ya zama ruwan dare a cikin Rasha (wanda aka jera a cikin Lit Litattafai na Red yankin) da Turai, kazalika a cikin Asiya, China, Arewacin Amurka. Noma ya fara ne a karni na XVI. Groundcover yana tafiya da kyau tare da adadodi masu yawa, amma don mafi yawan ɓangaren sun sami aikace-aikacen a cikin ƙirƙirar lambuna na dutse.
Shahararrun nau'ikan fararen, shuɗi, nau'in ruwan hoda
Ana buƙatar samun inuwa mai mahimmanci tsakanin duka farkon da marigayi iri. Zabi ya wadatar sosai, kuma a matsakaita kowane nau'i na fure 35-40 kwana.
Albus farin farashi biyu ne mai kwalliya mai launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi, yana yin fure daga Yuni zuwa Yuli. Girma - daga 15 zuwa cm 20. Furanni zuwa 4 cm a diamita. Ya fi son m inuwa da matsakaici watering.
Albus
Endarshen Farin Ciki shine madaidaiciyar tsaka mai tsayi kuma mashahuri sosai, har zuwa 30 cm tsayi, mai fure tare da ruwan hoda mai haske ko furanni mai ruwan shuɗi-tare da tsakiyar rawaya (har zuwa 4 cm a diamita) daga Mayu zuwa Yuni. Ganye ba sa rasa bayyanar su ko da bayan sanyi.
Karshen farin ciki
Goliath - iri-iri sun sami suna don manya-manyan (har zuwa 6 cm a diamita) furanni, inuwa wacce zata iya bambanta daga ruwan hoda mai ƙyalƙyali zuwa maraƙin lilac-blue (shudi masara). Arshe mai tsayi sama da cm 20. Fawan ruwa yana wuce Yuni.
Goliath
Ruber - iri-iri yana da daidaitaccen tsari na wannan nau'in, furanni (diamita har zuwa 4 cm) suna da launi mai rasberi mai haske. Farkon fure - yana kama Mayu da Yuni. Bushes suna girma zuwa 30 cm tsayi, kuma girma zuwa 50 cm fadi.
Rubin
Violetta - wani sabon nau'in matasan ne, wanda ya kasance ruwan shayi iri iri daban daban. Yana fure daga Mayu zuwa Yuni tare da furanni mai fure na fure (har zuwa 5 cm a diamita). Tsawon bushes ɗin ya kai cm 40. Ya dace da yankan.
Harafi
Dunkle Schone - cikakke ne ga masu sha'awar launuka masu launin shuɗi. A bushes har zuwa 30 cm high, da yawa furanni Bloom (diamita har zuwa 5 cm) na wani m houe. Ganyayyaki a lokacin shuka iri ne da fari, sannan kuma ya zama kore.
Dunkle schone
Astra perennial mai tsayi: girma daga tsaba
Yin girma ta wannan hanya mai sauƙi ne, amma ya daɗe: tsawon lokacin jiran seedlings daga 3 zuwa 4 makonni, wanda yake da muhimmanci a yi la’akari da lokacin da ake shirin dasa shuki.
Iyawar ƙasa da ƙasa
Zurfin tushen tsarin har zuwa 30 cm, don haka ana ɗaukar kwantena don narkar da ganga tare da tsawo na 35 cm (tare da gefe don magudanar ruwa). Don seedlings, tabarau na 10-15 cm masu girma sun dace.
Isasa ta kasance mai dausayi, yana ƙara humus, peat da yashi a daidai gwargwado. Bugu da ƙari, an gabatar da gari na dolomite (ana iya maye gurbin shi da ƙwannayen ƙwayayen ƙwaya).
Tsarin iri da shuka
Ana yin shuka ne tare da zurfin kowane cm 1 cm isasa tana shayar da yalwa kuma an rufe shi da gilashi ko fim don ƙirƙirar tasirin kore.
Harbe yana bayyana a zazzabi na + 15-18 ° C. Tsakanin tsaba, yana da kyau a kiyaye nesa nesa da 20 cm a cikin ƙasa buɗe, kuma a cikin kwantena domin ya zama mai sauƙi a nutse.
Lokaci
Idan aka zaɓi hanyar seedling, to, za'ayi shuka a cikin watan Fabrairu.
Sown a cikin ƙasa bude a farkon Mayu ko kuma a ɗan farkon a mafi yankuna yankuna (Krasnodar da Tervropol Territories). Idan ka jinkirta shuka, to ciyawar zata zo ne kawai shekara mai zuwa.
Yadda ake kulawa da shuki
Tsuntsaye suna nutse har zuwa mataki na 2-4 na waɗannan ganye. Idan seedlings suka bayyana a farkon rabin Maris ko ma a baya, to, ƙarin haske ya zama dole (sa'o'in hasken rana - 10 hours).
Shayar sparingly lokacin da ƙasa ta bushe sosai. 7-10 kwanaki kafin dasawa a cikin bude ƙasa, hardening yana farawa daga rabin sa'a a rana, a hankali yana ƙaruwa zuwa awa 2-3.
Saukowa
Ana shuka lingsalingsan itace a cikin lambun fure lokacin da barazanar sanyi, wanda ke da ƙima sosai ga matsanancin asters, ya wuce 100%. Idan bazara ta makara, to, zaku iya sauke shi a ƙarƙashin fim, wanda aka cire bayan sati daya.
Mahimmanci! Na farko wintering ne dole da za'ayi tare da tsari!
Hanyar juyawa
A kan sayarwa zaka iya samun bushes na mai tsayi na launuka daban-daban, wanda aka gabatar a cikin kwantena.
Wannan babban kayan shuka ne wanda za'a iya siyan sa a kowane lokaci daga Mayu zuwa Satumba kuma nan da nan aka dasa shi a cikin dindindin. Yawancin lokaci sukan zaɓe shi, tunda yana da wahala matuƙar wahala shuka.
Za'ayi shuka a ƙasa a farkon Mayu, yana riƙe tazara tsakanin cm 20 tsakanin tsire-tsire ɗaya bayan fitowar, ana shayar da su kawai kamar yadda suka cancanta, tunda yawan shan ruwa yana lalata su.
Ta yaya tsararren perennial aster na haihuwa?
Kayan kwalliyar kwantar da hankali na sauƙi a hankali. A lokacin rani ya yanke, kuma a watan Satumba sun raba bushes shekaru 3-4.
- Raba Bush
Da zaran daji ya kai shekaru 3-4, ana iya haƙa shi a watan Satumba ko Mayu, a hankali ya kasu kashi 2-3, don dasa shuki a sababbin wurare nan da nan. A hanya ne sosai shawarar, a matsayin mai ƙarfi overgrown daji fara zuwa shekaru, rasa da na ado sakamako, fure shude.
- Yankan
Ana amfani da dabara don samar da iri iri.
Aauki layin tsawon cm 6 cm tare da maki 2 girma. Haɗa ƙasa tare da toka, yashi da peat kuma cika kwantena waɗanda aka dasa tushen a ciki (waɗanda ke binne 4 cm). Samuwar Tushen shine makonni 4, bayan haka ana dasa su nan da nan a wani wuri na dindindin.
Juyawa ne da za'ayi a cikin mutum saitin rami, wanda tono a nesa na 20 cm daga juna ko fiye. Cika Tushen tare da ƙasa mai daɗin ciyawa, sannan kuma ciyawa sosai, don kada ku sassauta ƙasa kuma sau da yawa sako shi.
Siffofin kulawa da gidan Aster alpinus
Idan ka zaɓi yin girma a cikin akwati a kan windowsill, ya kamata ka bi ƙa'idodi kaɗan. A cikin abin da ake kira chamomile mai tsayi, girma, kulawa, sake haɓakawa a gida mai sauƙi ne.
Zafin zafin jiki na + 15-18 ° C (makonni 3-4) ya isa zuwa yin shuka. Idan zazzabi ya fi girma, 'ya'yan itacen za su bayyana a baya. A + 20-22 ° C inji yana jin daɗin mafi yawan shekara. A cikin hunturu, lokacin dormancy, raguwa a cikin kewayon daga 0 zuwa + 10 ° C ya zama dole.
Mahimmanci! Astra yana ƙaunar hasken da aka watsa, yana yarda da inuwa mai ɓoye. Ana buƙatar rana ta kai tsaye a lokacin lokacin furanni.
Tukwane ke shayarwa ne kawai lokacin da ƙasa ta bushe zuwa zurfin 5-10 cm daga sama.Baibu mai cutarwa ne ga tsarin tushen.
Ba a buƙatar yaduwa, amma a gabaɗaya bushes ɗin ya amsa gaskiyarsa idan shuka yana kusa da tushen iskar sabo (a baranda ko kusa da taga).
Matsakaicin matakin zafi a cikin ɗakin (50-60%) don asters ya fi kyau.
A ƙasa an shirya m da sako-sako da. Dole ne a gabatar da kayan kwalliya a ciki: yashi, ƙananan pebbles, da peat. Astra yana buƙatar alli don abinci mai gina jiki, don haka gari dolomite ko ƙwanƙwasa ƙwaiƙwai waɗanda aka cakuda su cikin ƙasa.
Ana ba da takin zamani na ma'adinai sau 1-2 a kowacce kakar, tunda inji mallakar ƙananan haɓaka ne kuma daga ɗaukar takin zamani yana iya bushewa.
Yaushe kuma yadda yake habaka
A matsakaici, fure kowane iri daban-daban ya kai kwanaki 30-45.
Infaƙƙarfan ƙaya shine kwando wanda furannin tubular tsakiya ke da ɗan gajeren rawaya mai launin shuɗi, kuma an samar da maƙal daga cikin manyan furanni masu launin shuɗi, fari, shuɗi, da shunayya. Wasu dangin girke-girke na iya samun kwandon cike da launi iri ɗaya.
A cikin sifa, inflorescence yawanci yana kama da chamomile, a cikin abin da dogon petals na iya samun tsari mai sauƙi, nuna, tare da gefen wuta.
Yawancin nau'ikan da ke akwai don siyarwar fure a watan Mayu-Yuni, amma a cikin wuraren kiwo ma kuna iya samun wasu da ke yin fure kusa da ƙarshen bazara.
Lokacin da bushes yayi fure, yawan shan ruwan su yana ƙaruwa sosai. Idan sauran lokaci tare da isasshen ruwan sama, dasa ba za a iya shayar da komai ba, to, a lokacin fure, watering ya zama dole kowane mako. Furen bushewa, idan ba'a buƙaci tsaba ba, ana cire su don sanya bushes suyi kyau sosai.
Matsaloli masu yuwuwar girma
Gabaɗaya, tare da fasaha na aikin gona na zamani, Alpine aster ba ya haifar da matsala. Ana iya fahimtar abubuwan da ke haifar da matsaloli.
Idan koren sashin dutsen asters din ya fara jujjuya launin toka, to wannan yana nuna cutar ta kai hari ga shuka ko ya bushe. Ana gudanar da rigakafin rigakafi tare da magani mai dacewa, an kara yawan ruwa.
Mahimmanci! Spider mites da aphids sune manyan kwari na asters asters. A kan su, ana bi da su tare da Akarin, wanda ke da rawar gani da yawa.
Sau da yawa ana iya ganin saurin mildew a kan bushes. Tushenta shine wuce haddi na nitrogen a cikin kasar gona da yanayin damuna. Yana taimakawa rage ruwa da magani tare da miyagun ƙwayoyi "Topaz", kuma a cikin kaka an fesa bushes tare da bayani na sulfate jan ƙarfe.
Smallarin adadin furanni da bayyanar kodadde suna nuna ɓarin lokacin shuka. Tare da wuce haddi danshi, asters ya bushe ya mutu da sauri. Idan wurin da aka zaɓi wurin ya yi duhu sosai, to kuwa ba ku iya samar da kuzarin kwata-kwata.
Alpine aster shine perennial da aka fi so ta hanyar lambu, bambanta cikin inuwuna da girma na bushes. Ga kowane lambun, zaku iya zaɓar nau'in ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa!
