Litattafai, dutse mai rai - girma da kulawa a gida, nau'in hoto

Littattafai (Litattafai), sunansa na biyu shine dutse mai rai - tsirrai mai tsiro na dangin aiza, girma a kan dutse, dutse, dutse mai ƙone ƙasa. Wannan exot na ban mamaki yana wakiltar manyan ganyayyaki guda biyu waɗanda basu fi girma 5 cm a girma biyu a faɗi da girma.

A waje, ganye suna yin kama da duwatsun, wanda tsakanin farfajiyar ɗakin ya bayyana a ɓangaren, sannan fure da anda seedan iri, wanda ke buɗe yayin ruwan sama. Wurin haifuwan litattafai shine yankuna na Kudancin Afirka, wato hamada ta Namibia da Botswana.

Furen furanni tare da furanni kamar chamomile, a matsayin mai mulkin, waɗannan su ne fure mai launin fari ko inuwa mai rawaya, tare da ƙanshin mai daɗi. Suna girma a hankali - sun kai girman 5 cm a cikin kusan shekaru 10 na rayuwa, wanda galibi yana da tsawon shekaru bai wuce 15 ba.

Hakanan, tabbatar da kula da shuka da shuka mai saɓin gaske.

Littattafai: kula da gida. A takaice

Littattafai a gida lalle za su faranta wa farfajiya fure da nasara, bisa ga ka'idojin kiyayewa mai zuwa:

Littattafai: kula da gida. Daki-daki

Littattafan ruwa na gudana

Don samun kyakkyawar fahimtar halayen litattafan litattafan fure, yana da kyau mu faɗi mahimman matakan rayuwar su:

• Daga farkon lokacin bazara, dutse mai rai yakan daina yin girma kuma ya faɗi cikin mummunan yanayi. A wannan lokacin, cire ruwa da kuma kayan miya na fure an cire shi gaba daya.
• An fara daga tsakiyar watan Agusta, ana sake fara shayar da shuka, wanda ke haifar da "farkawa", yana ƙarfafa ci gaba. A wannan lokacin, raunin tsakanin fararen ganye yana ƙaruwa, farjin ya bayyana. Kuma tuni a cikin fall, dutse mai rai yana farantawa da furanni.
• A cikin hunturu, litattafan gida suna fada cikin kashi na uku, ana tilasta sake zagayowar, wanda yanayin haɓaka yake haɓaka, da kuma canjin ganye - “molting”.
• A farkon bazara, tsohuwar ganyen shuka ya zama juji, wanda a karshe ya fadada gaba daya, yana tona asirin sabon ganye.

Duk da daɗin fure na fure, ci gabanta na iya ɗan bambanta daga abin da ke sama. Misali, fure a cikin duwatsun mu na iya faruwa a tsakiyar lokacin bazara, kuma ba kaka bane, in dai an bayyanar da shuka ga haske a lokacin hunturu kuma lokacin sabunta ganyen yayi sauri fiye da yadda ya kamata.

Rayuwa ta dutse na tsawon kwanaki 15, a kusan shekaru 3-5 da haihuwa, fararen furanni ko shuɗi. Ta hanyar karin kumallo, abincin ya buɗe kuma ya rufe da dare. Bayan fure, tsohuwar ganye a ƙarshe watsa, sake sabon sabon biyu na itace thickening ganye faranti. Hakanan, bayan ciyayi, 'ya'yan itace iri sun bayyana a maimakon furanni, suna toka har tsawon watanni.

Yanayin Zazzabi

Littattafai a gida na musamman ne a cikin wannan na dogon lokaci zai iya kasancewa cikin yanayi mai zafi, yanayin bushe, saboda yawan zafin jiki a lokacin rani baya taka rawa sosai. Zai iya zama ko dai zazzabi ɗakin talakawa - 23-25 ​​ºС, ko zazzabi mafi girma. A cikin hunturu, a cikin wani lokaci na jinkirin girma, ana ajiye fure a cikin yanayin mai sanyaya - wannan yawanci shine 12-20 ºС.

Sakamakon gaskiyar cewa litattafan litattafai kamar bambance-bambancen zazzabi, ana bada shawara don cire su daga taga zuwa bene da dare, don haka dan kadan rage zafin zafin da ya saba.

Fesa

Itace litattafan litattafai a gida suna buƙatar fesa a waɗannan yanayi:

• a lokacin molting, idan jikin na shuka wrinkles;
• kafin rashin kunya, yayin kwanciya da sabon jiki;
• a farkon watan Agusta, da safe, tana kwaikwayon raɓa.

Wani muhimmin yanayi don fesa majami'u shine daskararren tarwatsa danshi a cikin wannan adadin wanda shuka ya bushe cikin kasa da awa daya.

Haske

Littattafai Litattafan dabbobi ne masu matukar daukar hoto, rage gudu cikin girma tare da karancin karancin hasken rana da ake buƙata. Ya kamata a sanya su a kan windows na bude rana, baranda, baranda, yayin da ɗan gajeren inuwa daga tsakar rana. A cikin hunturu, ana shirya ƙarin hasken wuta ta amfani da phytolamps, waɗanda aka shigar a nesa na 10 cm daga shuka. Idan waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin matasa ne, an rage nisan zuwa 5 cm.

Bayan siyan a wani shago inda, a matsayinka na mai mulkin, inji yana fuskantar karancin haske, ba shi da mahimmanci a saka dutse mai rai a ƙarƙashin haskoki mai ɗumi a gida. Wannan na iya haifar da ƙonewa. Bayar da wannan fasalin na fure, a hankali ya saba da rana mai haske.

Watering lityoyin

Kamar yadda yake fesa ruwa, ya dace a tunawa da babbar dokar shayar da fure - don hana tururuwar danshi a sashen litattafan, kada a cika domin ruwan ya kasance a cikin tukunyar awanni da yawa, sannan kuma a guji saka ruwa cikin furen.

Watering ya kamata kawai earthy voids tsakanin tsire-tsire. In ba haka ba, danshi a kan fure yana sa shuka ya lalace ko ta ƙone, muddin yana cikin rana. Ko da ganye farantin ganye fara wrinkle - watering ne da za'ayi a hankali a kananan rabo, tare da kasar gona ana wetted ba zurfi 1 cm.

Wasu masana sun ba da shawarar amfani da sirinji yara yayin shayar da dutse, wanda zai ba ka damar a hankali a hankali kuma ka narkar da ƙasa ba tare da cutar da shuka ba.

Wiwi na litattafai

An zaɓi kwantena na fure-fure na majami'u ta hanyar da tushen tsarin shuka ba ya cikin matattarar yanayi, amma a lokaci guda yakamata kada sarari da yawa. Zai fi kyau bayar da fifiko ga kwantena masu fadi, kamar yadda ake watsa litattafan litattafai da yawa a cikin tukunya guda, wanda ke ba da gudummawar ci gaban tsirrai.

Kasar

Don haɓaka dutse mai rai, ana amfani da abun da keɓaɓɓen abu don cacti, ko kuma wani abin kama da makamancin ba tare da kayan peat ba. Kuna iya yin nau'ikan daban-daban na cakuda garin earthen:

• takin ƙasa (1 part)
• kwakwalwan kwamfuta
• yashi ko tsakuwa (2 sassa)
• yumbu (1/2 part)
• ci (kashi 1/2)

Kafin amfani, yana da kyau a gasa cakuda a cikin tanda na rabin sa'a. Ana amfani da yumɓu mai yumbu a matsayin ɓangaren magudanar ruwa, kuma ana iya rufe saman ƙasa tare da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire tare da santimita santimita na kyawawan pebbles.

Taki da taki

Bai kamata a ciyar da dutsen sauƙin sauƙaƙe tare da takin zamani ba, musamman idan an sake maimaita shi kowace shekara. Ya kamata a sake cika shuka kawai idan dasawar da akayi ba tare da dadewa ba kuma kasar tayi rauni sosai.

Don dalilan ciyarwa, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da hanyoyi na musamman don cacti, yayin da ake ba da litattafan karatun rabin abin da aka nuna.

Dasawa bayan sayan

Yin baje kolin litattafai bayan sayan a cikin shago shine kawai ya zama dole a cikin kusancin lahira saboda gaskiyar cewa ƙasar da aka sayi shuka, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya haɗa da ƙasa mai peat. Ba ƙarancin wuce danshi da iska, yana da illa ga ci gaban majallu. Kafin dasa shuki a cikin sabon, ƙasa mafi dacewa, an tsaftace tsohuwar ƙasa daga tushen furen tare da ɗan ƙaramin yatsa ko buroshi mai ƙoshi.

Idan ƙasa ta storefront rigar, Tushen suna bushe sosai kuma, lokacin da aka lalace, ana sanya su cikin sabon akwati. Ana zubar da substrate ba tare da lissafi ba, ba tare da rufe tushen wuya. Don kada majalisun suyi ƙarfe, zaku iya maye gurbin ƙaramin ƙaramin dutse a kusa. Bayan dasawa, shuka bai kamata a shayar da kwanaki ba.

Juyawa

Bukatar samar da litattafan litattafan almara lokacin da tushen tsarin shuka ya girma kuma ya cika daukacin tukunyar. Ana iya cire wasu daga cikin tushen idan ya cancanta. Amma idan rhizome furen yana da lafiya gaba ɗaya kuma ba shi da lalacewa, to za a watsa litattafan a cikin tukunya mafi girma, ana kiyaye tushen dunƙuwar gwargwadon iko. F

dutse Willow an ba da shawarar dasa kwafin da yawa a lokaci daya a cikin akwati guda tare da nesa na aƙalla cm 1-5.5. An rufe ginin da keɓaɓɓen abubuwa ba tare da lissafi ba, amma yana da kyau kar a ƙirƙiri ɓarna. Bayan dasawa, ba za a shayar da litattafai ba. Shuka zai yi fure a zangon na gaba, bayan kamar shekara guda.

Mai jan tsami

Kula da larura a gida ba ya haifar da duk wani tsarin girki da gyaran fuska. Shuka da gaske takan kawar da ganye mai narkewa har ma a wannan yanayin bashi da ma'amala da yanayi domin ya hanzarta aiwatar da motsi.

Littattafai a cikin hunturu

A cikin hunturu, dutse mai rai "yana haifar" bayyanar yanayin hutawa. A zahiri, a wannan lokacin, mafi mahimmancin tsari yana faruwa a cikin fure - kwanciya da ƙirƙirar sabon zanen gado, waɗanda ke haɓaka godiya ga albarkatun tsohuwar takaddun faranti.

A cikin yanayin halitta, tsari yana ƙare da farkon lokacin hazo, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar wanda, tsohuwar ma'aurata ta fashe, suna bayyana sabon da aka kafa. A cikin yanayin dakin, akwai kawai ƙara sauri a cikin sabon nau'i na ganye halves, tare da cikakken bushewar tsohuwar, ya juya ya zama kwasfa.

A wannan yanayin sake zagayowar, litattafan litattafai ba sa buƙatar wani kulawa ta musamman, kawai wajibi ne don ware ruwa, har zuwa cikakkiyar samarin karamin ganye.

Lokacin hutawa

Gaskiya wurin hutawa a zauren litattafan yana faruwa ne a lokacin bazara-lokacin bazara, bayan ƙarshen ciyawar '' hunturu ''. Tsire-tsire suna rage gudu gaba daya a cikin girma, basa buƙatar girki sama da samun ƙarfi don fure na kaka. Ruwa a lokacin wannan lokacin an haramta shi sosai, domin guje wa lalata da mutuwar fure.

Banda haka lamarin idan zanen zanen dutse mai rai ya fara lalacewa. Za'a iya kawar da matsalar cikin hanzari idan kun shayar da ƙashin ƙasa.

Juyo litattafai daga tsaba

Don cin nasara nasara na dutse mai rai, ana amfani da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. A farkon bazara, pre-soaked, an rarraba tsaba a kan m, calcined substrate, ba tare da yayyafa da ƙasa kuma ba tare da zurfafa ba. Rufe tare da fim, amfanin gona suna ba da yanayin zazzabi na digiri 25-30 tare da wajabta iska ta yau da kullun don guje wa bayyanar ɓarna.

Bayan kimanin mako guda, matsakaicin wata daya, harbe-harbe na farko sun bayyana. Lokacin da ganyayyaki suka kai girman 1 cm - an rufe farfaɗiyar yumɓu kuma bayan lokacin hunturu na farko, ana dasa bishiyoyin da ke daɗaɗa a tukwane.

Cutar da kwari

Mafi matsaloli na yau da kullun da za a iya fuskanta yayin girma ajujuwan karatu:

1. ganye suna birgima a sakamakon gazawar aiwatar da canza tsohuwar takarda faranti;
2. litattafai kan ji ƙyashi daga isasshen ruwa lokacin da suke cikin "ɓarkewa", kazalika idan kwaro ya buge su - ɗan gizo-gizo gizo-gizo;
3. rot Tushen litattafai lokacin da a cikin rigar peat substrate;
4. ganye bugu da fashe tare da danshi mai yawa na fure;
5. launin ruwan kasa a kan ganye nuna rashin dacewar shuka;
6. ganye a kan ganye Fade saboda karancin hasken rana;
7. majalisu ba sa fure saboda yawan takin zamani, gami da halaye masu kiyaye yanayin tsare yayin sauran matakan.

Mafi girman abokan gaban dutse mai rai, suna aiki akan tsire-tsire - gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, kwari, tushen sauro.

Nau'in litattafan gida da hotuna da sunaye

Dutse mai rai yana da nau'ikan sama da 46, wanda ya bambanta a cikin siffar gangaren ganye, girmansa da launi na inflorescences. Mafi nau'ikan nau'ikan sune:

Litattafan Littattafai na Aucamp (Latin: Littattafai na aucampiae)

Tana da girman farantin kusan 3 cm kowannensu, launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi-kore. Yanke yana da zurfi, furanni masu launin shuɗi tare da ƙanshin ƙanshi.

Bromfielddii latino

"Ganye" na shuka masu kamanninsu masu siffa tare da ɗakin kwana mai laushi na launin shuɗi, inflorescences ƙananan, rawaya-ja.

Littattafai Litattafan (Latin: Litattafan comptonii)

Tana da manyan furanni masu launin rawaya tare da farin cibiya. Tsarin ci gaba ya ɗan bambanta da irin matsayin wannan nau'in shuka - yakan yi yawo a lokacin rani kuma ya huta a cikin hunturu.

Littattafai Litattafan Dorothea (Latin: Litattafan dorotheae)

Smallestaramin mafi yawan succulent, ba fiye da santimita ba. Ganyen furanni suna kama sosai da na ma'adini, fure tare da launin rawaya mai “shuɗi”.

Littattafai na Franz (Latin: Littattafai na Faransa)

4-santimita mai tsinkaye tare da inuwa mai zurfi da furanni masu launin shuɗi-fari.

Manyan karatuttukan Redhead (lat.Litops cikakkun bayanai)

An rarrabe shi ta faranti na ganye, tare da fararen furanni tare da ƙanshin mai daɗi.

Litattafan Karas (Latin: Litattafan karasmontana)

Ganyenta mai laushi suna kama da ainihin kwafin ma'adini, fure tare da farin inflorescences tare da fure mai nuna.

Littattafai Littattafai (Latin: Lithops lesliei)

Smallan ƙaramin nau'in wannan shuka, mai samun sauƙi na launin launin ruwan kasa, ƙwaya mai haske mai haske a kan shinge mai zurfi.