Cherry Tyutchevka - wakilin nau'ikan da aka haɓaka musamman don ƙungiya ta tsakiya. Tana iya haƙuri da sanyi kuma kusan ba ta yin rashin lafiya. Amma a lokaci guda, iri-iri ana nuna shi ta hanyar wadatattun kayan marmari da ke da yawa, kamar dai sauran takwarorinsu na kudanci.
Bayanin cherries Tyutchevka
An samo Tyutchevka ta hanyar tsallake nau'ikan ceri mai kyau 3-36 da Red Dense a Cibiyar Nazarin Duk-Rasha na Lupine (Bryansk). A wannan cibiyar akwai sashen girma na 'ya'yan itace da ke ma'anar zaɓi na bishiyoyi bushes da bishiyoyi. A ƙarshen karni na karshe wani sabon cherries ya bayyana a sakamakon aikin mai shayarwa M.V. Kanshina. A shekara ta 2001, Tyutchevka ya yi rajista a cikin Rajistar Jiha na Federationungiyar Rasha kuma an ba da shawarar yin namo a cikin yankin Tsakiya.
Halayen Shuka
Cherries na Tyutchevka iri-iri suna girma a cikin wata itace mai tsayi-tsayi tare da rawanin da ke da kusan zagaye-zagaye. Harbe sun yi kauri, mai dorewa, launin ruwan kasa a launi. Ganyayyaki akan su suna oval, babba, ba tare da ɓarna ba, wanda ke kan gajeriyar petioles. 'Ya'yan itaciya na farko sun bayyana ne a shekara ta 5 bayan dasa itaciya, ana lura da amfanin gona mai cike da shekaru yana da shekaru goma da daga baya. Babban fruiting yana kan rassan bouquet. Inflorescences ya ƙunshi furanni huɗu tare da dogo mai tsawo da kuma pistils. Wannan ceri blooms ba a baya fiye da tsakiyar Mayu, da 'ya'yan itatuwa ripen marigayi: a ƙarshen Yuli ko a watan Agusta.
A iri-iri ne kusan m-kai: ba tare da pollinators, amfanin gona ne sakaci. Pollinators na iya zama kowane itacen ceri wanda yake yin fure a lokaci guda. Mafi kyawun nau'ikan wannan batun sune Ovstuzhenka, Raditsa, Iput, Bryanskaya ruwan hoda. A cikin namo masana'antu, matsakaita yawan amfanin ƙasa shine kimanin kilo 100 / ha, matsakaicin abin da aka yi rikodin shine 275 kg / ha. A cikin gidaje masu zaman kansu, ana tattara kimanin buhu 2 daga itace, matsakaicin da aka bayyana shine 40 kg.
'Ya'yan itace na yau da kullun, a cewar masu lambu, ya kamata ya wuce kimanin shekaru 20, wanda, don dalilai bayyananne, har yanzu ba a tabbatar da shi ba.
A iri-iri ne hunturu-Hardy, sauƙi tolerates frosts har zuwa -25 game daC, a cikin mafi tsananin tsananin sanyi a tsakiyar layin (a -35 game daC) daskararre har zuwa 20% na kodan. Mayar da daskararru a lokacin fure tare da rage zafin jiki zuwa -5 game daKusan kashi 70% na furanni ana kashe tare da su. An kiyasta haƙuri haƙuri a matsayin babban, amma ga cututtuka irin su coccomycosis da kleasterosporiosis - kawai matsakaita ne.
Bayanin 'Ya'yan itace
Ana bambanta Cherries Tyutchevka ta kyawawan 'ya'yan itãcen marmari daga sama da matsakaicin matsakaici (kimanin mm 23 a diamita, nauyi 5-7 g), nau'i mai faɗi-nau'i, launinsu mai duhu ja da dige. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne mai yawa, mai launin fata, jan, ceri ruwan 'ya'yan itace ana fentin a cikin wani haske launin ja. 'Ya'yan itãcen suna kan ƙananan matsakaici. Kashi kashi-matsakaici ne, oval, baya raba sosai da bangarin tayi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari daga farfajiyar suna fitowa cikin sauƙi, ba tare da asarar ruwan' ya'yan itace ba.
'Ya'yan itãcen Tyutchevka suna da yawa, kyakkyawa, farantawa cikin aminci
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu dadi ne (abun cikin sukari na kusan 11%, acidity na 0.4%), ƙanshi mai tsami, dandano mai ɗanɗano 4.9 cikin maki 5. Ana saurin sauke abubuwa masu nisa, waɗanda manoma ke siyar da ƙawataccen zakin. Don ingantaccen jigilar kayayyaki, 'ya'yan itatuwa ya kamata a cire su tare da dabbobin. A cikin lokutan ruwa sama sosai, suna iya kusan fashewa.
Dalilin amfanin gona shine duniya baki daya. Ana amfani da 'ya'yan itacen sabo, daɗin ya daskararre, an ba da izinin sarrafawa: jam, compotes da sauransu ana girbe.
Abvantbuwan amfãni da kuma rashin amfanin iri-iri
Tyutchevka wani nau'i ne na matasa, kamar yadda, ba shakka, tsawon shekaru 17 ya riga ya sami nasarar nuna duk halayensa masu kyau kuma gano wasu gazawa. Kamar yadda babban ab advantagesbuwan amfãni daga iri-iri, lambu lura:
- babban barga yawan amfanin ƙasa;
- gabatarwa mai ban sha'awa da kuma kyakkyawan 'ya'yan itatuwa;
- motsi mai kyau;
- unpretentiousness ga girma yanayi;
- babban sanyi juriya da cutar juriya.
Daga cikin rashin kyawun dangi akwai fatarar 'ya'yan itatuwa a cikin babban zafi da kuma bukatar pollinators.
Dasa cherries iri Tyutchevka
Fasahar aikin gona ta cherries na nau'ikan Tyutchevka kusan babu bambanci da ta sauran nau'in da aka shirya don namo yanayi a yanayin sanyi na tsakiyar tsiri. Wannan ya shafi duka dasa itace da kuma kula da shi.
Lokacin sauka
Bambancin Tyutchevka an yi nufi ne ga yankin Tsakiya, inda suke ƙoƙarin dasa kowane 'ya'yan itace dutse a cikin bazara: dasa kaka yana cike da yiwuwar daskarewa daga tsire-tsire waɗanda ba su da cikakken tushe. Koyaya, ana iya dasa shuki tare da rufe tushen tsarin a cikin bazara, amma ƙarshen bazara ko ma farkon lokacin rani yafi dacewa a gare su.
Abun dasa na bazara na Tyutchevka a yanayin saukan seedlings tare da dandazon Tushen za'a iya aiwatar dashi a cikin kankanin lokaci. A kasar gona ta wannan lokaci ya kamata riga narke, da kuma buds a kan seedling kada Bloom, za su iya kawai ƙara. Barazanar tsananin sanyi ta lokacin saukowa ya wuce. Yawanci, wannan yanayin a tsakiyar layi yana haɓaka a farkon ko a tsakiyar Afrilu.
Zaɓin shafin
Kodayake nau'ikan Tyutchevka yana da sanyi mai sanyi, a lokacin bazara, don samun cikakkiyar kayan da za a iya amfani da su na fure mai zaki, itaciyar ya kamata ta zama mai haske ta hanyar hasken rana kuma a kiyaye ta daga iska, musamman daga arewa. Da kyau, idan akwai ramin kudu mai laushi. A matsayin kariya daga iska, manyan shinge, ganuwar gidaje har ma da sauran bishiyoyi 'ya'yan itace suna "aiki" da kyau.
Cherries a tsakiyar layin an fi son a dasa kusa da fences, kare su daga iska.
Mafi kyawun ƙasa shine yashi mai ɗumi ko loam tare da tsaka tsaki tare da babban abun ciki na abubuwan gina jiki, babu yanayin fadama kuma ba ambaliyar ruwa ta ƙasa. Wani lokaci don dasa cherries karamin mound an gina shi musamman, yana zubar da ƙasa mai dausayi. Idan akwai lokaci, har ma fiye da haka idan rukunin gidan ya cika ciyawar ciyawa, an riga an tono ta da karamin humus (rabin guga ta 1 m2), a hankali zaban sako rhizomes.
Saukowa rami shiri
Yana da matukar wahala a tono ramuka a cikin bazara, saboda haka kuna buƙatar yin wannan daga faɗuwar, a kowane lokaci. Girman ramin ceri shine 80-90 cm a tsayi kuma nisa, 50-60 cm zurfi. Isa da 50 cm, amma idan ƙasa tayi nauyi, tono mai zurfi, saika sanya 10-12 cm tsakuwa ko tubalin da aka karye a ƙasan matsayin matattarar magudanar ruwa. Shirye-shiryen rami rami don Tyutchevka ba sabon abu ba ne: an jefa ƙasan ƙasa, kuma an haɗo da babba saman da takin mai magani tare da komawa ramin.
Takin gona lokacin dasa shuki buhu biyu ne na humus da wasu kyawawan itace na itace. A kan kasa mara kyau, nan da nan zaka iya ƙara 100 g na superphosphate, sauran takin ƙasa za a buƙata daga baya don hadi. Game da kasa mai zubar da ruwa na acidic, ya kamata a kara alayyahu kadan ko lemun tsami a ciki: a cikin kwalbar lita. A lokacin da dasa shuki da bishiyoyi da yawa tsakanin su bar nisan aƙalla mita 4.
A cikin manyan lambuna, ana dasa cherries a cikin layuka, inda aka bar mita 3-4 tsakanin bishiyoyi
Tsarin ƙasa
Zai fi kyau ɗaukar ɗan itacen shekaru biyu a matsayin seedling: -an shekaru uku suna ɗaukar tushe mafi muni, kuma daga tsintsiyar shekaru ɗaya zai ɗauki tsawon shekara guda don girbi. Yana da mahimmanci cewa haushi da rassa baki ɗaya suna da lafiya, kuma tushen yana haɓaka da sassauƙa. Hanyar dasa cherries Tyutchevka iri ɗaya ce da ta yawancin bishiyoyi 'ya'yan itace.
- Idan akwai lalacewa a kan tushen seedling, suna yanke zuwa wani wuri mai lafiya, bayan wannan Tushen cikin ruwa suna soaked akalla hoursan awanni, kuma zai fi dacewa kwana guda. Nan da nan kafin saukar da rami a cikin dasa shuki, Tushen ana tsoma shi cikin dusa, ana yin yumɓu da yumɓu daidai da yumɓu da isasshen ruwa don daidaituwar kirim mai tsami.
Clay shafi a kan Tushen accelerates da warkar da seedlings
- Bayan sun fitar da ramuka da adadin ƙasa da ake buƙata, sai suka samar da wani tarko a ciki, kusa da abin da za'a iya ɗaukar gungumen ƙarfi don ya isa (aƙalla 80 cm sama da ƙasa).
An zaɓi gungume domin ya kai farkon reshe a ƙarshen seedling
- Bayan sun sanya sapling a kan tudun, sai suka zaɓi tsayin dutsen don tushen wuyansa ya zama santimita da yawa a sama da ƙasa (a nan gaba ya kamata ya zama kaɗan daga ƙasa). Yada Tushen, a hankali ya cika su da ƙasa, lokaci-lokaci ana haɗa shi.
Ya dogara da matsayin tushen wuyan wucin gadi, shin bishiyar za ta samu tushe kuma zata bada beara normallya yadda yakamata
- Ulla ɗan itacen dabino a kan gungume tare da “takwas” ta amfani da igiya mai laushi ko tsararren polyethylene. A hankali zuba buhu 2-3 na ruwa a ƙarƙashin seedling.
- Idan ya cancanta, ƙara ƙasa, samar da rollers a gefunan rami don matattakalar shayarwa, shayar da seedlingsan kaɗan kadan da ciyawa ƙasa tare da peat, humus ko sawdust tare da Layer na 2-3 cm.
Sau da yawa ana zuba ruwa daga guga, amma yana da kyau a yi amfani da abin sha don danshi ya fi haka
- Yanke seedling wanda ya sa sashin sama ya hadu da ikon Tushen don ciyar da shi: tsawo na shekaru biyu bayan dasa bai kamata ya wuce 1 m ba, tsawon rassan gefen shine 50 cm.
A cikin 'yan makonni na farko bayan an dasa shuki, an shayar da sipling a cikin tsari: a yanayin bushe, kuma mai yiwuwa kowace rana. A ƙasa a kusa-kara da'irar dole ne kullum m. Kyakkyawan ciyawa na iya rage rage yawan ruwa.
Itace kulawa
Lokacin da seedling ya ɗauki tushe, yana buƙatar ƙasa da ruwa. Intensarfin ban ruwa ya dogara da yanayin, amma ba za ku iya bushe ƙasa a lokacin girman sabbin harbe-harben ba, da kuma lokacin saukar da berries. Hakanan ana buƙatar hunturu na hunturu. Ana buƙatar buƙatar buhunan ruwa kusan 10 don itacen tsufa, amma kuma ba zai yiwu a cika zubar da abinci ba, musamman a lokacin girbin amfanin gona. Cherry Tyutchevka tana shan wahala daga danshi mai yawa, yana amsawa tare da fashewa da 'ya'yan itacen, wanda hakan ya haifar da raguwar yawan amfanin ƙasa. Saboda haka, idan ruwan sama mai zafi ya fara makonni 2-3 kafin girbi, da'irar akwati ya kamata a rufe shi da filastik.
Manyan riguna suna farawa a shekara ta uku bayan dasa shuki. Sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 2-3, ana ciyar da cherries tare da taki ko kalar kaza. Zai fi kyau bayar da zuriyar dabbobi a cikin sikari mai tsabta (1:10); bushe bushe da taki za a iya binne shi ƙasa tare da rawanin kambi. Isassun bucks na taki kuma, daidai da, rabin guga na zuriyar dabbobi, kawo su jim kaɗan kafin fure.
Kowace shekara a farkon farkon bazara suna ba da saman nitrogen tare da takin ma'adinai. An fi amfani da Urea (25-30 g a 1m2 da'irar akwati). Idan urea ta warwatse a kan ƙasa mai narkewa, za ta zana cikin tushen idan ta narke. Game da aikace-aikacen daga baya, dole ne a rufe mahaɗan tare da takin da yake da ƙasa. A watan Agusta, ana ciyar da ceri mai zaki a daidai wannan hanyar tare da potassium sulfate (a cikin kashi ɗaya) da superphosphate (sau biyu). Lokaci-lokaci, da'irar kusa-akwati ke yayyafa shi da bakin bakin itace ash. Thea Thean da kewayen bishiyar an lalata su gaba daya rayuwarsa.
Urea (urea) - ɗayan ingantaccen takin mai magani
Idan an sare bishiyar daidai lokacin da ake dasa shuki, ba zai ɗauki dogon lokaci ba kusantar da ita da mai girki. Cherries girma a cikin matsanancin canjin yanayin zafi kokarin kada a datsa ba dole ba. A cikin bazara da kaka, kawai an yanke rassan da bushe da bushe, a hankali suna rufe raunuka tare da gonar var. Tyutchevka ba shi da sauƙi ga lokacin farin ciki, sabili da haka, ana yin walƙiya akan walƙiya. Amma ci gaban matasa akan bishiyoyi na manya bayan an girbe su suna dan taqaice duk shekara.
Mafaka don hunturu suna buƙatar ƙananan bishiyoyi kawai a cikin shekaru 2-3 na farko. Bayan yalwataccen yanayin hunturu mai yawa, an rufe da'irar gangar jikin da kauri lokacin farin ciki ko ƙwallon peat, kuma an ɗora kan rassan gurnani. Bayan an fitar da shi cikin adadin pegs ɗin da ake buƙata, itaciyar kanta, tare da kambi, an nannade ta don hunturu tare da kayan da ba saka ba ko kayan rufin. Yayin da dusar ƙanƙara ta bayyana, suna jefa shi cikin da'irar kusa, suna yin dusar kankara.
Saplings na matasa don lokacin hunturu ya zama wani nau'in kunar, amma har ma dole ne a cire matsuguni a cikin lokaci bayan hunturu
Tare da shigowar bazara, lallai ne kar a makara don cire tsari don kada bishiyar tayi kuka!
Itatuwan Tyutchevka na manya suna iya jure yanayin yanayin sanyi, kuma idan nasihun rassan sun daskare, zasu iya murmurewa da sauri. Game da daskarewa mai tsananin gaske, wacce take da wahalar gaske, ɓaraun da suka mutu a cikin bazara ya kamata a yanke.
Bidiyo: namo cherries a tsakiyar layi
Cutar da kwari
Tyutchevka ba shi da lafiya da wuya, kuma tare da ingantacciyar fasahar aikin gona ba ta isa babban shirye-shirye ba. Matakan rigakafin yau da kullun sun isa: rake da ƙona ganye bayan faɗuwar ganye, tsaftace haushi da tono yankin. Yawancin lambu ba su yin watsi da yayyafa bishiyoyi tare da shirye-shiryen jan ƙarfe a farkon bazara. Mafi yawancin lokuta suna amfani da ruwa na Bordeaux 1%.
Daga cikin cututtukan ceri mai zaki, wanda yakamata a kula dashi, dangane da Tyutchevka kawai ana kira coccomycosis da kleasterosporiosis. Coccomycosis cuta ce mai haɗari. A ƙarshen bazara, launin toka mai launin toka har zuwa 2 mm a cikin girman sikelin a cikin ganyen bishiyar da ta kamu, kuma bayan wata ɗaya ba tare da magani ba sai suka shiga cikin manyan aibobi. Abubuwan datti da datti - daulolin fungal - suna fitowa a ƙasan ganye. Ganyayyaki sun faɗi kafin lokaci.
Coccomycosis ba zai iya zama a hankali ba: aibobi a cikin ganyayyaki sun lalata su, kuma itaciyar ta raunana sosai
Cutar tana yaduwa zuwa wasu sassa na shuka, a sanadiyyar yadda itacen ke raunana kuma yana iya mutuwa. Ana kula da Coccomycosis da farko (a cikin bazara) tare da cakuda Bordeaux iri ɗaya, amma tare da 3%, kuma idan ba ta taimaka ba, ana amfani da magunguna na musamman daga baya: Horus, Skor, da sauransu.
Har ila yau, Kleasterosporiosis (rami mai rami) shima yana da yanayin fungal, yana farawa daidai da coccomycosis, amma daga baya ramuka ya samar a maimakon wuraren. Tsarin rigakafi da matakan jiyya iri daya ne da na coccomycosis.
Tare da kleasterosporiosis, ganye suna zama harbe-harbe, kuma komai yana ƙare sosai
Kusan babu kwari a cikin kwalliyar Tyutchevka, ban da tsalle-tsalle mai tsalle-tsalle mai tsalle-tsalle. 'Ya'yan itãcen "Wormy" ne sakamakon ayyukanta, kuma "tsutsotsi" sune larvae na tashi. Ayyukan noma na al'ada suna rage haɗarin faruwar hakan. Kuma suna ƙoƙarin yaƙar tashi ba tare da sunadarai ba, suna kama shi da abubuwan baits: kvass ko compote a cikin kwalba rataye. Idan gardama ta kasance mai matukar tasiri, dole ne a yi amfani da kwari: don ƙarshen nau'ikan cherries, wanda ya haɗa da Tyutchevka, spraying na iya yiwuwa nan da nan bayan fure.
Futowa kyakkyawa ne sosai, amma yanayin ayyukanta basuda kyau ga mai lambun
Jerin magunguna masu aiki suna da faɗi, amma masu lambu suna ƙoƙarin yin amfani da mafi zamani, kuma yawancinsu suna da haɗari ga mutane. Sabili da haka, tsananin bin umarni yayin aiki, alal misali, tare da Actellik ko Confidor wajibi ne.
Za a iya ziyartar Tyutchevka da aphids ceri. Yawancin aphids sun saba da lambu. Wannan ɗayan baƙar fata ne, har zuwa 3 mm a girma, ruwan tsotsa daga ƙananan harbe da ganye. Musamman masu haɗari a farkon rabin bazara. Kamar yadda tare da wasu aphids, suna ƙoƙarin su yi yaƙi da shi tare da hanyoyin mutane (infusions na elderberry, wormwood, tafarnuwa, da dai sauransu), amma tare da babban mamayewa suna amfani da kwari iri ɗaya kamar yadda kwari na ceri suke.
Kamar kowane aphid, ceri yana zaune a cikin ɗaukacin yankunan
Sake Gani
A wannan shekara, Tyutchevka ta yi farin ciki sosai, kuma ta yi fure kuma ta daure. Daskarewa ya kasance sau ɗaya, amma sai na kama dukkanin bishiyoyi, manyan rassan. Ta warke da sauri.
Olgunya
//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=253&start=1530
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, M.V. Kanshina da A.A. Astakhov, masu shayarwa na Cibiyar Nazarin Lupine ta All-Russian kusa da Bryansk, sun gudanar da babban aiki tare da cherries. Dangane da fiye da 40 daga cikin samfuran Hardy masu wuya waɗanda aka zaɓa daga gare su, sun ƙirƙiri sababbin iri.Mafi tsananin “jarrabawa” a garesu ita ce magada biyu masu rauni wadanda suka biyo bayan daya a 1995-1996 da 1996-1997. Mun tsaya gwajin Bryanskaya ruwan hoda, Iput, Tyutchevka.
Ku!
//floralworld.ru/forum/index.php?topic=17912.0
Chermashnaya, Tyutchevka, Iput, Revna, Lyubimitsa Astakhova ... a cikin lokacin hunturu, kusan duk suna matsayin ɗaya.
Lambuna62
//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/33545/page-23
Cherry Tyutchevka an dauki shi a matsayin ɗayan mafi kyawun nau'in don tsiri na tsakiya. Ya haɗu da kyawawan halaye na 'ya'yan itace da unpretentiousness zuwa yanayin girma, ikon amfani da shi da juriya mai ƙarfi. Tyutchevka ya cancanci ya zama mashahuri a tsakanin lambu.
