Lokacin da kake girma gwangwani a kan mãkircinka, kana so ka zaɓi wani shuka wanda, tare da kulawa kaɗan, zai nuna yawan yawan aiki. Waɗannan su ne halaye na iri-iri Phenice. Irin wannan "'ya'yan inabi na arewa" ya karu da yawa daga cikin gonar lambu saboda manyan bishiyoyi masu dadi, masu yawan gaske da kuma kayan aikin noma mai sauƙi. A kan siffofin daji na kayan guzin iri "Ranar" magana kara.
Bayani da halaye
Har zuwa yau, ba a san shi ba da wanda kuma lokacin da aka bunkasa cultivar "Phenicus" (aka "Goliath"). Wasu sunyi imanin cewa ya fito ne a sakamakon wani zaɓi na musamman a ƙasar Yammacin Turai. A iri-iri nasa ne ga marigayi-ripening, manyan-fruited da high-samar da gwaggwabar riba, sanyi-resistant.
Shin kuna sani? Kyakkyawan taimako ga zabin gooseberries ya sanya Birtaniya. Tsarin ruwan sanyi da kuma ingancin yanayi na wannan ƙasa ba zai iya zama mafi dacewa don girma gooseberries ba, domin a tsawon shekaru na zaɓaɓɓen zaɓi, Birtaniya sun sami nasarar samun karuwa a berries sau 4! Bayan wannan, Berry ya sami karbuwa a Faransa, Jamus, Netherlands da sauran kasashen Turai.
Shrub
Bushes suna da iko, shimfida, ƙarfin, yana buƙatar sararin samaniya, yayi girma har zuwa 200 cm. Harbe suna da tsayi da karfi, suna iya zama madaidaiciya ko mai lankwasa, tare da dukan tsawon, sai dai mafi girma, an rufe shi da nau'i guda. Ganye suna kore duhu, matsakaici a cikin girman, zai iya zama santsi ko wrinkled. Tsarin tushen shine aka bunkasa, har zuwa 2 m a zurfin, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa gwangwani sau da yawa ya jure wa kananan ƙwayoyi. A lokacin flowering flowering, da bishiyoyi suna rufe kananan kore-fari furanni. 
Berries
Daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke amfani da wannan nau'in shine berries. Suna halin manyan masu girma: a kan shekaru daya - har zuwa 25 g, a kan tsofaffin harbe - isa 15 g. A cikin kullun da aka fentin a cikin kyakkyawan launi na ruwan inabi, siffar zagaye na yau da kullum ko kuma pear-shaped.
Fata ne mai yawa da kuma lokacin farin ciki, an rufe shi da wani haske mai haske, saboda abin da Berry yake dadewa a kan bishiyoyi (har zuwa makonni uku) da kuma lokacin sufuri. Ba yarinya. Naman yana launin launin rawaya-kore, ruwan acidity m, abun ciki sugar shine matsakaici. Berries suna da dadi, da karfi ƙanshi.
Yana da muhimmanci! Tare da shafe tsawon ruwan sama yanayi berries "Dates" iya ƙwaƙwalwa da juyawa. A cikin sanyi da damp rani berries girma karami.
Wannan nau'i-nau'in ya dace da jigilar sufuri na tsawon lokaci, yana da kyakkyawan inganci, ya dace da sabon amfani kuma an dauke shi mafi kyau ga aikin fasaha (berries riƙe siffar su a lokacin da gwangwani) da kuma yin jam, marmalade, marshmallow a gida. 
A saboda wannan, ana girbe berries ne kawai. Ana amfani dashi a matsayin mai cikawa don yin burodi, yin amfani da tebur, ruwan inabi mai gida, abin da yake nuna shi ne launin ruby.
Ƙara koyo game da kaddarorin masu amfani da shirye-shiryen guzberi: girke-girke don yin giya, jam, jam, miya, pickberry guzberi.
Babban halayen iri-iri
Wadannan siffofi na al'ada sune al'ada ga iri-iri:
- Cututtuka da ƙwayar cuta. Tun da iri-iri na da tsofaffi kuma ba na matasan ba, yana da nau'i na kwarai na dukan amfanin gona na Berry - Amurkawa mai fadi, ko ɗakin karatu. Don hana ƙwayar cuta, dole ne a shuka shuki kawai a wurare masu kyau. Gaba ɗaya, rashin rigakafi na "Phenicus" yana ƙasa da ƙasa. Duk da haka, iri-iri yana da tsayayyar tsayayya ga hare-haren pest.
- Ƙunƙarar fari. Yana da matukar damuwa ga gajeren lokacin bushe, amma fari na tsawon lokaci yana lalacewa ga shuka, musamman a yayin da aka samu ovaries da ripening berries.
- Frost juriya. Da iri-iri ne sosai resistant zuwa sanyi, tolerates zafin jiki saukad da zuwa + 30 ... +35 ° С.
- Gestation lokacin. Yawan iri-iri sun fara girka, a cikin karshen shekarun Yuli, berries suna a kan mataki na fasaha, cikakken farawa yana farawa a rabi na biyu na Agusta.
- Yawo. Ya yi har zuwa 8 kilogiram daga wani daji don wani lokaci a kan yanayin mai kyau agrotechnology. Duk da haka, yawan amfanin "Date" zai iya ƙara zuwa 20-25 kg tare da kulawa da kyau. Fruiting fara a cikin shekaru 4 mai shekaru, da tsayi na yawan aiki faruwa a lokacin shekaru 8-10, yana har zuwa shekaru 25.
- Transportability. Ana amfani da berries da kyau a yayin yunkuri saboda lokacin farin ciki da fata. Ya dace sosai don aikin fasaha.
Karanta kuma game da lura da cutar goose (powdery mildew) da kuma kula da kwaroran ƙwayoyi (firebug).
Dasa dokoki seedlings
Growing guzberi bushes fara da dace dasa na seedlings. Don yin wannan, yana da muhimmanci mu san lokacin da kuma inda za a shuka shuke-shuke, abin da ya kamata a dasa shuki ya kamata. 
Mafi kyau lokaci
Za ku iya shuka gooseberries kaka da kuma bazaraZabi na kakar zai dogara ne akan yanayi a yankinku. Yawancin lambu sun fi son dasa shuki, saboda a lokacin hunturu tsire za ta iya shirya da kyau, kasar gona kusa da asalinsu zasu yi girma, tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire (weeds) zai samar da ƙananan yanayin zafi, kuma a cikin idon ruwa zai shuka da sauri. A cikin kaka, dole ne a dasa gooseberries daga tsakiyar watan Satumba zuwa tsakiyar Oktoba. Yi la'akari da lokacin da ake buƙata ta hanyar da kafin sanyi ta farko ya kasance akalla 2 makonni.
Lokacin da tsire-tsire-tsire yana da matukar muhimmanci shuka seedlings kafin fashewar haushi - dama bayan dusar ƙanƙara. Ga yankuna daban-daban, wannan zai iya faruwa a watan Maris, a watan Afrilu, baza'a dasa shuki ba. Ka tuna cewa a lokacin bazara na dasa shuki da kuma rayuwa na amfanin gona ya fi ƙasa.
Karanta kuma game da bambance-bambance da kuma namo na irin kayan guzberi "Invicta", "Beryl", "Spring", "Honey", "Krasnoslavyansky", "Consul", "Malachite", "Grushenka", "Komandor", "Kolobok".
Zaɓi wuri
Kamar yadda muka nuna a baya, gishiri na Finik yana mai saukin kamuwa da cutar milyan Amurka, duk da haka, yana yiwuwa a rage haɗarin kamuwa da cuta kuma rage yiwuwar lalacewa idan aka dasa shi sosai. Don dasa amfanin gona, kana buƙatar zaɓar wuraren da rana ke da zafi da kariya daga iskoki mai ƙarfi. 
Babu wata hanyar da za ta iya shuka shuka a cikin ƙauyuka, kusa da ruwa, a wurare masu duhu. Har ila yau, ba a yarda da damuwa ba. Ka tuna cewa tsire-tsire tana da kyau sosai kuma tana da tushen tsarin tushen, wannan ya kamata a la'akari da shi yayin da aka kirga wurin da aka dasa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ba shi yiwuwa a dasa shuki gooseberries a wuraren da ruwan karkashin kasa yake kusa da ita, tun da yake ruguwar ƙasa yana da hatsarin gaske ga tushen tsarin shuka.
Zai fi dacewa wajen shuka amfanin gona mai laushi da ƙasa mai yashi, tare da tsaka tsaki ko dan kadan acid. Dole ne a kula da ƙasa da babban acidity tare da lemun tsami. Ya kamata kasar gona ta zama mai gina jiki, sako-sako, tare da high breathability.
Shirin mataki na Stepwise
Wajibi ne a dasa shuki da tsire-tsire a cikin girgije, rana marar haske. Shiri na ramuka ya kamata fara makonni 2-3 kafin dasa shuki, kuma ana bukatar sayan seedlings a kalla kwanaki 10 a gaba. 
A cikin aikin, ɗakin shuka ya kunshi irin waɗannan matakai:
- A baya can, kasar gona a kan gine-gine ya kamata a haƙa zuwa zurfin 20-25 cm Dole ne a tsaftace shi daga rhizomes da weeds, yana da mahimmanci don cire ciyawar alkama. Na gaba, kana buƙatar yin takin gargajiya (bisa 1 sq. M.): 7-8 kilogiram na taki, 2 kilogiram na kayan lambu mai magani, lita 4-5 na phosphate takin mai magani.
- Gudun ramuka har zuwa 40-60 cm cikin zurfin, 40 * 40 cm cikin girman. Yana da mahimmanci don raba rassan sama da ƙananan ƙasa zuwa sassa daban. Ganin girman mai girma daji, yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye nisa tsakanin layuka da bushes: bushes ya kamata a kalla 1.5 m baya, tsakanin layuka ya zama m 2. A cikin wannan tsari, ana barin ramukan don makonni 2-3.
- Ana amfani da tsire-tsire a cikin wani bayani na miyagun ƙwayoyi don motsa tushen tsarin.
- Bayan lokacin da aka ƙayyade, ci gaba zuwa saukowa. An haxa maɗauran abu tare da abubuwa masu biyowa: gishiri humus, 200 g na superphosphate, 2 g na man fetur.
- 1/3 na yaduwar ƙasa an zuba a cikin rami domin zane-zane a cikin tsakiyar rami.
- Kwayoyin suna buƙatar samun ƙwanƙolin wuyansa, wani launi na ƙasa ya rufe shi lokacin da dasa shuki 6-10 cm.
- Ana sanya bishiyoyi a tsaye a cikin tsakiyar tudu, an gyara asalinsu. Na gaba, an shuka yaji da sauran sauran ƙasa, kuma saman ya rufe ƙasa daga kasan na biyu (ƙasa bakarare).
- Daga nan sai ƙasa ta karami, an shayar da tsire-tsire a rabon lita 10 da daji. Dole ne a kara ƙasa tare da sawdust, peat ko humus tare da Layer na 10 cm.
- Za a iya tsintar da ingancin daji a dan kadan, a bar 4-6 a kowace lash.
A cikin wannan nau'i, guzberi ya zauna a hunturu, kulawa na gaba na shuka ya fara a cikin bazara. Idan hunturu ya kasance sanyi da kadan dusar ƙanƙara, ana iya ƙara shuka ta da duk abin da yake rufewa.
Muna bayar da shawarar karantawa game da guzberi hanyoyin kiwo.
Bidiyo: Ganye Ganyeberry
Tsarin tallafi
Tun da tsire-tsire na wannan nau'in yayi girma sosai, mai karfi da rassa, suna buƙatar tallafi. Yana da mafi dacewa don gina guraben ƙarfe daga karfe ko filastik filastik, katako da katako. Kusa da kewaye na daji sau da yawa 3-4 rakuka an kore zuwa zuwa tsawo na 50-70 cm, tube katako ko bututu karfe suna saka a kai tsaye a kansu. Rashin hammering masu goyon baya ya isa ya zama nauyin nauyin shuka mai girma. 
Tushen kulawa na yanayi
Kula da tsire-tsire na zamani bai bambanta da kulawa da wasu amfanin gona na Berry ba. Babban matakai: watering, hadi da kula da ƙasa, pruning da spraying.
Watering
Bambancin "Finikiya" ba tare da lalacewar lafiyar jiki yana fama da gajeren lokacin bushe ba, amma a cikin wani hali ba zai bada izinin cikakken bushewa na coma ba. Amma waterlogging ya fi tareda lalata ga shuka. Don ƙayyade matakin zafi, ɗauki hannun hannu na ƙasa a hannunka: idan ƙasa ta ji dashi don taɓawa, yana iya saukewa a ƙarƙashin tabawa na yatsunsu, amma a lokaci guda bai tsaya ga hannunka daga kan-rigar, to, duk abin da yake lafiya.
Kullum, watering dacewa zata taimakawa wajen samar da ovaries da berries, kyakkyawar girkewar amfanin gona. Wajibi ne don shayar da bishiyoyi a matsakaicin sau 2-3 a wata ya dogara da yanayin yanayi. Dole a yi amfani da ƙasa zuwa 40 cm, saboda wannan a kusa da wani daji a nesa na 30 cm daga tushen sa a haƙa rami zuwa zurfin 15 cm kuma zuba 2-5 buckets na ruwa dangane da girman da shekarun daji. Dole ne a rabu da ruwa daga zafin rana. 
Tabbatar da ku shayar da injin a yayin da aka samu kananan harbe da ovaries (marigayi May - farkon Yuni), da kuma lokacin da aka fara dasa berries da kuma girbe amfanin gona (marigayi Yuni - Yuli Yuli).
Shin kuna sani? A yau, shayarwa sun shayar da irin kayan gooseberries fiye da 1,500.
Kula kula
Bayan sunyi amfani da ƙasa dole ne sassauta, sako da ciyawa. A sakamakon wadannan hanyoyin, an inganta "numfashi" na kasar gona da asalinsu, kuma yaduwar ruwa ya karu da hankali.
Dole ne a fara yin gyaran farko bayan da dusar ƙanƙara ya narke, tun a lokacin bazara, saboda ruwan sama da ruwa mai narkewa, ƙasa ta kara karuwa sosai. A cikin ƙasa mai laushi, danshi yana yaduwa da sauri, kuma asalinsu sun rasa halayyar iska na al'ada. Bayan na farko hanya, loosening za a iya yi duk lokacin da bayan watering, amma akalla sau ɗaya a wata. Dole ne ku yi jira har sai an shayar da danshi a cikin ƙasa, kuma ku fara sassauta. A cikin ɓangaren sashi, an yi gyaran hankali tare da taimakon katako ko fira zuwa zurfin mita 4 cm don kada ya lalata tushen. A karkashin gandun daji, zaka iya tono sama da ƙasa kadan tare da felu zuwa zurfin 10-12 cm Wannan hanya an haɗa shi tare da kauda weeds.
Yana da muhimmanci! Tun watan Agusta, ba a yin gyaran hankali ba don kaucewa ci gaban kananan ƙananan da ba su da lokaci don samun karfi kafin sanyi kuma su mutu.
A ƙarshe, dole ne a ci gaba da ƙasa tare da launi na ciyawa mai laushi, peat ko takin 8 cm lokacin farin ciki Domin shuke-shuke matasa, yana da amfani a ci gaba ba kawai sashi mai tushe ba, amma har da jeri na jere. A mita mita 100. Ina buƙatar kimanin kilo 50 na peat ko 30 kilogiram na taki. Irin wannan ƙwayar za ta kasance mai kyau mai kyau a yayin da ake sarrafa ƙasa. 
Top dressing
Ka'idodin ka'idojin al'adun takin:
- Idan a lokacin dasa shuki da aka yi amfani da taki mai yawa, to, a farkon shekaru uku ba lallai ba ne a kara kara abubuwa da kuma phosphorus. A wannan lokaci, zaka iya ciyar da bushes tare da takin mai magani nitrogenous bisa ga umarnin (a farkon Mayu da bayan flowering).
- Daga shekara ta biyu da kuma lokacin tsawon rayuwar daji, a cikin kaka na yin digiri, ana ƙara waɗannan karin kayan ƙasa: 10 kg na mullein, 50 g na ammonium nitrate, 150 g na itace ash, 80 g na superphosphate.
- A lokacin rani, kafin girbi, zaka iya yin kariyar jiki. Don haka, an shirya wani bayani mai tushe na 1: 4, to, an shafe wannan slurry tare da ruwa don rage yawan maida hankali ta hanyar kashi 10 kuma a zuba a karkashin wani daji.
Pruning
Don haka shrub ɗin ba ya zama tsire-tsire ba, yana da lafiya kuma ya kawo girbi mai yawa, tabbatar da riƙe spring da kuma lokacin rani pruning. Lokacin mafi dacewa don samuwar daji shine watanni na marigayi, kafin farawa na ciyayi. Har ila yau, ya kamata a yi pruning a lokacin rani ko farkon kaka, bayan girbi.
Yana da muhimmanci! Yana da mahimmanci a gudanar da rassan spring pruning kafin fara ruwan kwarara, in ba haka ba rassan zasu raunana sosai.
A cikin shekara ta farko, kana buƙatar cire duk rassan rassan, a kan sauran harbe har zuwa 4 buds masu kyau, kuma yanke da fi. A wannan lokaci, ya kamata a kafa harbe-harbe 6 mai kyau a kan bishiyoyi. 
Tun daga shekara ta biyu sannan kuma a cikin rayuwata a cikin bazara, raunana, rassan lalacewa a asalinsu ya kamata a cire, kuma ya kamata a rage karin harbe ta 1/3. A lokacin rani, wajibi ne a cire cire har yanzu ta hanyar cututtuka ko kwari don kada cutar ta yada.
Ƙara koyo game da daidai pruning gooseberries.
Mun riga mun ambata cewa, a yawancin yawancin su ne rassan shekaru 6-8, yana da muhimmanci a tabbatar cewa akwai wasu nau'in shekaru daban-daban a kan shuka, in ba haka ba yawan amfanin gonar zai canza sau da yawa daga shekara zuwa shekara. Bayan daji ya kai shekaru 10, ya wajaba a cire dukkan tsofaffi, ba mai yalwataccen lalacewa ta hanyar tsufa.
Ajiyar sanyi mai sanyi
Phenic yayi dacewa da matsananciyar sanyi, don haka idan zafin jiki a yankinka ba ya sauke zuwa -35 ° C, zaka iya yin ba tare da kariya ta musamman ba. Amma ga tsari na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire za a iya amfani hilling - tushen ginin ya kamata a kwantar da shi tare da ƙasa mai zurfi har zuwa 10 cm. A cikin dusar ƙanƙara, musamman ma masu sanyi, ƙarin kariya daga duk wani kayan rufewa za a iya amfani. 
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su da kuma rashin amfani da iri-iri
Da abũbuwan amfãni daga cikin iri-iri:
- resistant zuwa sanyi da fari;
- yana ba da yawan amfanin ƙasa;
- high yawan aiki fiye da dama shekarun da suka gabata;
- berries suna da siffofin dandano mai dadi, ana iya hawa da adana su, za'a iya sarrafa su.
M cultivar "kwanakin":
- saboda karfi yaduwa na bushes, kula da shuka zai iya zama matsala;
- tsufa da marigayi;
- Bushes suna da saukin kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta tare da makamashin Amurka, musamman ma lokacin da agrotechnics ke damuwa ko yanayin yanayi mara kyau.
Gaba ɗaya, wannan nau'in ya ci gaba da zama ya cancanci gasar zuwa mafi zamani, iri iri na guzberi. "Harshen Finland" ba ya rasa matsayinsa saboda ƙwarewar aikin gona da tsirrai. Da iri-iri ne mai girma don girma a tsakiyar lane, kamar yadda tolerates frosts sauƙi. Duk da haka, babban hasara na iri-iri na iya zama mai yiwuwa ga ɗakin ɗakin karatu.
