A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wani fure mai haske mai haske na gatsaniya ya zama sananne sosai tsakanin mayan lambu na Rasha. Wannan tsire-tsire yana da wuya sosai kuma mai ban sha'awa, amma, da sanin kanku da wasu dabaru da fasali na kulawa, zaku iya ɗaukar abubuwan narkar da su a cikin yanayin Central Russia.
Bayani da kuma manyan halayen gatsaniya
Itaciyar Afirka ta Kudu gatsaniya (ko gazania) a bayyanar tana kama da looksa aar chamomile, shine dalilin da yasa aka lakaba shi. Wannan tsararren tsirrai ne na dangin Astrov, wanda ya zo Turai a tsakiyar karni na XVIII An sanya shi sunan girmamawa ga firist dan Italiya T. von Gaza. A cikin daji, yana girma a cikin Afirka da yankunan bakin teku na Australia.
Gazania fure
An kafa furanni na Gatzania a kan m, tubular kara 25 cm tsayi kuma ya isa diamita na 5-12 cm launi yana dogara da iri-iri kuma yana iya kusan kowane: dusar ƙanƙara fari, cike ko launin shuɗi, ruwan lemo, dukkan launuka masu launuka na ruwan hoda, ja. Wani yanayi na musamman shine duhun duhu da sabanin da yake faruwa a tsakiyar fure.
Don bayani! Dankin ya fara yin watanni 3-4 bayan dasa shuki. An ƙayyade tsawon lokacinta da yanayin yanayi.
Gatzania yana da yanki mai sassauƙa ta shimfiɗa ƙasa, tushen tushe. Ganyayyaki masu tushe da mayuka sune silki mai ɗanɗano, ruwan milk yana bayyana akan yanke. Kashi na sama na ganye mai laushi mai haske ko koren duhu. Tsaba suna da elongated a baki da fari, suna da ƙaramin tuft.
Yin amfani da gatzany a cikin shimfidar wuri mai faɗi
Gatsaniya an girma a cikin Afirka a matsayin tsufa, amma a cikin yankunan Turai ba ya tsira daga lokacin sanyi kuma ana girma a matsayin shuka shekara-shekara. Ya dace da kusan dukkan nau'ikan yanayi, amma a cikin latitude sanyi a cikin fall ya kamata a haƙa shi. Ba ya son shuka ruwa da yawan ruwan sama. Yana jure yanayin zafin jiki daga -5 ° C zuwa 35 ° C, ya mutu nan da nan cikin tsananin sanyi.
Manyan Biranen Gazania
Gatsaniya - na shekara-shekara ko na shekara-shekara - za'a iya girma a cikin kwantena da tukwane na filayen don yin kwalliya da baranda. Ya dace da sanyawa a cikin gadaje na fure, gadaje na fure, tare da hanyoyi a gonar, a nunin faifai masu tsayi.
Kula! An ba shi damar haɓakar chamomile na Afirka a matsayin shuka na gida.
A cikin ƙirar lambun furen, maƙwabta masu kyau na iya zama Iberis, Venidium, Lobelia. Guji dasa shuki kusa da tsayi tsirrai waɗanda zasu kange damar zuwa haske, kamar verbena ko delphinium. A cikin hanyar yanke gazania yana kimanin kwanaki 8-9.
Irin tsirrai masu tsami, daga cikinsu wadanda suka fi yawa sune gatsaniya matsananci da dogon gazania, ana girma kamar shekara. Zasu isa 30 cm a tsayi, sun yi fure mai zurfi daga tsakiyar lokacin bazara har zuwa lokacin sanyi. Ana bambanta waɗannan nau'ikan ta hanyar fure mai launi mai launi iri-iri, wanda shine dalilin da yasa suke da ban sha'awa ga lambu. Ya dace da ƙirƙirar launuka masu launuka masu launuka masu launuka masu ban sha'awa, suna farawa da wuri kuma sun fi tsayayya wa yanayin illa.
Haka kuma akwai wasu sauran ire-irensu, daga cikinsu akwai peacock gazania, cirrus, mai daɗaɗɗen gini. Gazzaia na peacock yana da ganye mai tsawon kusan 20 cm, an rufe shi da gashi mai ƙima a saman, furanni masu ruwan sanyi tare da tsakiyar rawaya da zobe na baki a gefenta. Cirrus gazania yana da siffar ganye mai pinnate da furanni orange tare da alamar duhu kusa da tsakiya. Singleayan itace mai fure-fure mai tsire-tsire ne mai ƙarami tare da rarrafe mai tushe da kwandunan rawaya mai laushi na furanni masu matsakaici masu yawa.
Gazania daban-daban
Gatzania: namo iri
'Ya'yan Gazania suna haɓaka a hankali, saboda haka kuna buƙatar lissafta lokacin dasawa a gaba. Yaushe shuka gatsanii lokacin shuka daga tsaba? Zai fi kyau a fara wannan aikin a ƙarshen hunturu, a watan Fabrairu. Don cimma sakamakon, ana buƙatar yin la'akari da halayen tsire-tsire kuma suyi aiki kamar haka:
- Don girma seedlings, an zaɓi kwantena mai zurfi mai zurfi, tun da shuka yana da dogayen tushe, mai kamanni, wanda ke buƙatar wuri don ci gaba.
- Ana sanya murfin magudanar ruwa a cikin tanki.
- An shirya ƙasa mai haske kuma an cika ta.
- Ana shuka tsaba, suna ajiye su a farfajiyar ƙasa bayan 2-3 cm daga juna, kuma an yayyafa shi da karamin Layer na duniya.
- Amfanin gona yana da ruwa daga atomizer tare da ruwan da yake a zazzabi a zazzabi.
- Rufe akwati tare da polyethylene ko gilashi.
- Ana sanya kwantena na seedling a cikin ɗumi mai dumin dumu tare da yawan zafin jiki na akalla 20 ° C.
- Ana bincika danshi na yau da kullun kuma ana yin iska. Soilasa kada ta bushe, in ba haka ba tsaba zasu bushe, kawai suna tashi.
Karkashin yanayin da aka bayyana don kulawa ta dace, bayan mako biyu 'yan farkon seedlings zasu bayyana. Daga wannan lokacin, ana cire fim ko gilashi daga cikin seedlings, ana juyar da kwantena zuwa wani wuri mai kyau tare da hasken wutar lantarki. Continuesasa tana ci gaba da kasancewa da ɗaukar ruwa akai-akai, da nisantar bushewa ko sanya ruwa.
Idan seedlings suna da zurfi sosai, to, za'ayi za'ayi ba a farkon bayyanar ganye na huɗu ba. Kowace shuka ana dasa shi a cikin tukunyar peat na daban, saboda lokacin da aka dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, Tushen da ke da lalacewa ba su lalacewa.
Mahimmanci! Yankunan da ke yaduwa suna canzawa zuwa haske, amma dakin mai sanyaya tare da zafin jiki na 12 ° C zuwa 16 ° C (alal misali, zuwa loggia rufaffiyar). Da rana, ya kamata a bar bushes a cikin karamin daftarin tsire-tsire domin tsire-tsire suna da lokaci don taurara.
Saukowa da kulawa da gazania
Bayan kammala ƙarshen frosts da kuma kafa kwanakin dumi, zaku iya fara zuwa gazania a buɗe ƙasa. Matsayi don gadaje na fure ya fi kyau zaɓi wani baƙi na Afirka, mai tsananin zafi ba ya jin tsoron hasken rana kai tsaye, yana iya jure fari. Soilasa dole ne ya kasance mai ƙoshin abinci da wadata, ingantaccen ruwa. Ana gudanar da saukar da Gatsaniya ta hanyar yin waɗannan matakai:
- A nesa na 20 cm daga juna, ana yin ramuka a cikin abin da zai zama mai sauƙin sanya tukwane tare da shuka.
- Ana sanya tsire-tsire a cikin rijiyoyin da tukwane. Idan har yanzu ana shuka ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin akwati na gama gari, to, ana cire ƙananan tsire-tsire daga gare su ta amfani da shebur mai tsawo da tono tushen tare da dunƙule na ƙasa don kada su lalata shi.
- Bayan dasa, ana shayar da tsire-tsire.
- Sarari a kusa da seedling an mulched.
Gazania waje
Bayan gatsaniya ta dau tushe a cikin ƙasa, zata iya jure da raguwar zazzabi har zuwa −5 ° C. A cikin girgije mai duhu kuma da dare furanni suna rufe da fim, kuma da safe kuma a cikin yanayin rana ya kamata a buɗe su.
Watering da shuka yana buƙatar matsakaici, bayan ƙasa ta bushe. Bayan an yi ruwa, an yanke ƙasa kuma sako, a rufe tare da ciyawa. Lokacin da yankan shawara yadda zaka ciyar da gatsaniya don fure mai yawa, yana da kyau ka zaɓi takin zamani na musamman don tsire-tsire na fure. Ana aiwatar da hanyar kamar sau 1-2 a wata.
Kula! Don cimma saurin samuwar buds da yawan fure, ana cire furanni da aka cire daga bushes.
Plantaukar tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara bayan fure kuma tare da farkon kwanakin sanyi yana buƙatar yanka da ƙona don lalata kwari da suka zauna a kai. Kuna iya ajiye furen har sai bazara ta gaba ta hanyar tono abubuwan bushes da dasa su a tukwane. Wajibi ne don adana gatsanii a cikin hunturu a zazzabi na kimanin 10 ° C. Dole dakin ya kasance mai haske. Ba safai ake shayar da tsirrai ba, sai bayan da ƙasa ta bushe gabaɗaya. A cikin bazara, ana dasa furannin gatsaniya a kan gadon filawa kuma an yanke rassan su rabi.
Ana tattara tsaba Gazania ta hanyar sanya jakunkuna na musamman don furanni akan furanni waɗanda suka fara bushewa, in ba haka ba toranin da suka haɗu zasu tashi ban da iska.
Don bayani! Yana da ma'ana da tattara tsaba da matasan iri, kamar yadda suke rasa halayen jinsunan.
Shuka furanni na Gazania azaman perenni, kuna buƙatar bin duk yanayin yanayi na kulawa. A lokacin bazara, ana iya girke girsaniya kuma a kawo shi cikin gidan. Ta hanyar ƙirƙirar yanayin da ya dace, hasken sa'o'i 14 da zazzabi na 22-25 ° C, ba za ku iya tsayar da shuka kawai ba, har ma ku sami fure a cikin hunturu.
Dankalin Gazania
Furanni Gazania: girma, kulawa, kiyayewa kamar zamani
Hakanan, gatsaniya na dogon lokacin yayin namo da kulawa a cikin yanayin masu cin nasara na Rasha zai iya samun ceto ta hanyar motsa shi a gida, alal misali, zuwa gindin. A cikin bazara, ana dawo da shuka zuwa ƙasa mai ɗumi, tana lura da yanayin shuka da aka bayyana a sama. Kusan ƙarshen ƙarshen hunturu, ana shuka shuka ta hanyar rarrabuwa kuma ta canza shi zuwa sabuwar ƙasa. Sannan sai a koma da tukwane zuwa daki mai dumin gaske da haske, farawa ana shayar da su sau da yawa domin a hankali a farka da perenni daga rashin walwala.
Cututtuka, kwari da hanyoyi don magance su
Duk da juriya da tsirrai da kwari da cututtuka, rashin kula da tattarawar tattarawar abubuwa da mawuyacin hali suna haifar da shan kashi na cututtukan fungal ko cututtukan hoto, da kuma bayyanar wasu kwari iri-iri. Saboda rashin isasshen haske da danshi mai yawa, launin toka mai kama da tsiro, wanda za'a iya kawar dashi kawai a matakin farko. Don yin wannan, ana kula da gazania tare da shirye-shiryen fungicidal.
Kula! An cire busassun cututtukan da suka kamu da ƙonawa don kare tsire-tsire masu lafiya daga cutar. Ana kula da gado tare da phytosporin don manufa iri ɗaya.
Katantan gonar lambu, sau da yawa ana cin ƙananan ganyen Ganzania, ana girbe da hannu. Ta yellowing da wilting na ganye, mutum na iya zargin cewa dalilin wannan shine bayyanar da gizo-gizo kwari da aphids. Ana lalata kaska ta amfani da ditoxin, fufanon ko actellik. Suna yaƙi da aphids tare da taimakon int-Vira, acarin ko phytoerm.
Yarda da ka'idodin kulawa zai ba ka damar girma bushes china gazania bushes a cikin rani. Perennial ko shekara-shekara, chamomile na Afirka koyaushe zai yi farin ciki tare da launuka masu haske na yau da kullun.
