Cactus cututtuka: cututtuka gama gari da hanyoyin maganin su

Cactus cututtuka sukan haifar da kwayoyin cuta, ƙananan fungi, mycoplasmas da ƙwayoyin cuta. Wasu daga cikin cututtukan suna da sauƙin sauƙin warkarwa, amma mafi yawansu, ko da tare da magani na lokaci, na iya haifar da mutuwar wani murtsunguwa, kuma galibi suna shafan maye gurbinsu da tsada.

Cutar cututtukan gama gari

Musamman masu haɗarin waɗannan cututtukan waɗanda ke faruwa ba tare da wata alama ba. Tun da yake yana da matukar wahala a gano su, kuma ba tare da kulawar da ta dace da kuma dacewa ba, tsiron kawai ya mutu.

Cutar cututtuka daban-daban

Amma mai sayad da furanni mai daukar hankali, wanda ke kula da dabbobin gidansa na yau da kullun, har yanzu yana iya lura cewa wani abu ba daidai ba ne ga shuka.

Ya kamata faɗakarwa:

• rauni ko cikakkiyar rashi, musamman lokacin da ciyayi ke gudana;
• bayyanar wrinkles a kan kara ko canji a launi;
• karancin fure ko faduwa;
• mutuwa da bushewar harbe;
• samuwar fasa da aibobi daban-daban akan kara.

Dry rot

Sau da yawa zaka lura cewa bushe bushe ya bayyana akan murtsunguwa, mold shine sanadin samuwar sa. Idan murtsunguwa ta fara bushewa kuma tana da tushe mai laushi, wannan alama ce bayyananniya cewa an bushe ta da bushe.

Don kawar da irin wannan cutar yana da wahala sosai, sau da yawa ana yin gwajin cutar a matakin farko na cutar. Don hana samuwar bushe rot, yana da daraja amfani da fungicides daban-daban azaman prophylactic. Zai fi kyau aiwatar da shuka sau 3-4 a shekara.

Dry rot

Baki rot

Mamillaria, ko ɓarke ​​baƙi, ta bayyana kanta a cikin ƙananan kayan ɗorawa na launin baƙar fata. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, suna samar da juzu'ai kuma suna tsokanar faduwar gaba daga gare su. Wannan cuta na iya faruwa bayan an dasa shuka a cikin ƙasa wanda aka gurɓata ta da spores. Hakanan, baƙar fata na iya bayyana nan gaba mai cike da ƙasa ko rashin isasshen haske, musamman a cikin hunturu, ko sakamakon lalacewar injinin.

Kara rot

Cutar naman gwari, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana shafar mai tushe na tsirrai matasa. Sakamakon shan kashi, mai tushe ya lankwasu sosai, kuma murtsunjin na iya fadi, wani yanki mai kauri mai kama da kore ya bayyana a farfajiya. Wannan tatsuniyar ba komai ba ce face tarawar ganyayyaki. Don kashe matasa cacti, naman gwari zai buƙaci daysan kwanaki.

Wannan cuta tana haɓaka sosai tare da ƙarancin iska da zafi sosai. Babu wata ma'ana a ceci tsiro daga wannan cuta, tunda kamuwa da cuta mai kyallen takarda yana faruwa da sauri kuma yana iya lalata tsarin tushen da gangar jikin.

Kara rot

Rigar rot

Rhizoctonia ko rigar rot sau da yawa yakan taso a kan matasa seedlings ko cuttings. Cutar na tasowa da sauri, yana yada daga tushe zuwa saman tsirrai, yana kaiwa zuwa ga mutuwa. Akwai karamin zarafin ajiye tsiro daga irin wannan cutar idan, nan da nan bayan an gano shi, an cire duk wuraren da abin ya shafa kuma sauran sassan lafiya na tsiron an canza su zuwa cikin sabon murhun.

Kawa rot

Tare da lalata launin ruwan kasa, siffofin duhu akan mai tushe, wanda ya zo daga tushe ko daga wuraren da akwai raunuka marasa magani. Bayan haka, gangar jikin ta yi laushi, furucin da aka sanya a ciki, wanda yayi kama da jelly.

Dalilin da yasa murtsunguwar ta juya:

• Wuce haddi a cikin ƙasa. Yana faruwa tare da yawan wuce haddi da yawan zafin jiki mai sanyi a cikin dakin.
• Babban zafi a gida.

Spines fadowa

Ofaya daga cikin dalilan da yasa sarƙaƙƙiya ta fara fitowa daga cikin muƙamin shine ƙaramar overmoistening na ƙasa. A cikin lokacin dormant, lokacin da fure take buƙatar iska mai sanyi, ƙasa a cikin tukunya ya kamata a shayar da wuya ko kaɗan.

A lokacin da ciyayi ke aiki, succulents suna buƙatar yawan shayarwa, amma wajibi ne don shayar da shi kawai bayan da ƙasa ta bushe a cikin tukunya, tunda ana iya lalata ambaliyar a cikin lokacin bazara mai zafi. Idan danshi koyaushe yana tarawa a tushen, wannan zai haifar da lalata su da faduwar ƙaya. Wajibi ne a kula da irin wannan matsalar ta hanyar sanya fure a cikin sabuwar ƙasa da kafa tsarin shayarwa.

Spines fadowa

Spotting

Abubuwan da ke jikin katako suna faruwa ne ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa. Kuma dalilin bayyanarsu shine rashin kyawun yanayin shuka. Da farko dai, wannan shine tasirin iska mai sanyi, idan a cikin hunturu dan murtsunguwa yana tsaye a kan windowsill na taga mai samun iska kuma wannan yana cikin yanki na daskararru akai-akai. Har ila yau, babban zafi a hade tare da iska mai sanyi a cikin dakin cuta ta shafi shuka. Don adana furen daga tabo, kuna buƙatar sake shirya shi zuwa wuri mafi dacewa kuma ku tsayar da kulawa ta dace.

Sau da yawa, tsatsa mai tsatsawa yana bayyana akan cacti, wanda ke shafar kara a cikin nau'in tsatsa ƙaƙƙarfan ƙyalle ko tsintsaye. Sanadin wannan cutar na iya zama kunar rana a jiki ko ruwa mai sanyi da ke faɗo a kan kara, kazalika da raguwar raguwar zafin jiki a ɗakin. Idan irin waɗannan wuraren sun riga sun bayyana, yana da wuya a cire su, tunda sun fara yadawa zuwa wasu sassan tushe kuma suna da yawa.

Spotting m da rawaya.

Rawaya

Ganyen ya samo launi mai launin shuɗi tare da isasshen adadin abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ƙasa, har ma tare da ƙwayar cuta ko ƙwayar cuta. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, yellowing na murtsunguwa yana farawa da tukwicin harbe da saman shuka. Idan succulent ya canza launin launin toka duk, ana iya haifar dashi ta hanyar kwayar cutar da ake kira jaundice, kuma babu magani ga wannan cuta. Zai iya tafiya da sauri, ko ya wuce tsawon watanni ko ma shekaru.

Yellowing mai tushe

Fusarium

Wannan cuta lalacewa ta hanyar fungi na Fusarium iyali, sau da yawa yakan shafi jocculents jointed. Yaduwar yana faruwa a hankali, da farko fungi sun fara daga tushen sa, sa’an nan kuma sun shiga cikin tsarin gudanarwa, suka hau saman, turmin ya bushe. Idan alamar dutse mai ruwan hoda ko shunayya mai gani a kan mai tushe na murtsunguwa, ƙashinsa ya zama alagaba kuma ya fara karkata zuwa ƙasan, wannan alamace ta fusarium. Tare da yanke a kan mai tushe, zaku iya lura da tasoshin maroon-brown brownful.

Wuce hadadden ƙasa da ƙarancin zafi a cikin ɗakin suna taimakawa ga wannan cutar. Abin da za a yi idan murji ya fara jujjuyawa — da wuri-wuri, cire fure daga tukunyar kuma a datse ɓangaren ɓawon gangar jikin, a yanka a yanke tare da gawayi, bushe da bushe.

Tare da yawan wuce haddi na ruwa da ƙarancin zafin jiki a cikin ɗakin, da alama wannan cutar tana ƙaruwa.

Mealybug

Idan fararen huhu ko ɗigo na kwatankwacin fulawar ana gani a murtsunguwa, wannan tabbatacciyar alama ce cewa mealybug ya kai hari kan tsiron. Dalilin bayyanar wannan kwaro ana ɗaukar kulawa mara kyau, kamuwa da cuta daga wata tsiro ko shigar azzakari cikin farji ta hanyar ƙwayar cuta.

Mealyworm shan kashi

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani

Za'a iya samun zaɓuɓɓukan magani da yawa dangane da nau'in cutar.

Yanke tushen

Yadda zaka iya ajiye cactus idan ya fara jujjuyawa daga ƙasa, jerin ayyukan:

1. Yanke duk tushen da suka lalace ko aka lalace gaba ɗaya.
2. Kurkura sauran lafiya Tushen a cikin wani bayani na potassium permanganate.
3. Yayyafa tare da foda sulfur ko gawayi na crumbs.
4. Dry na kwanaki 2 zuwa 3 ta rataye a tsaye.
5. Aauki sabon tukunya da aka gurɓata, zuba ƙasa a ciki kuma ku dasa shura.
6. Bayan dasawa, shukawar ba ta buƙatar shayarwa kwata-kwata don makonni 3-4.

Yanke tushen

Don guje wa irin wannan matsala a nan gaba, ya zama dole a bi duk ka'idodin shayarwa.

Sake sake dasawa

Idan tushen murtsunguwa ya lalace, abin da za a yi a wannan yanayin:

1. Yanke yanki mara kyau kuma duba da kyau domin yankewar ya kasance lafiya da tsabta.
2. Yankin yakamata ya zama mai 'kaifi', kamar fensir, saboda haka daga baya zai zama mafi dacewa dasa shi a cikin ƙasa.
3. Bi da yanki tare da carbon da aka kunna kunna.
4. Bada izinin bushewa sosai ta hanyar adana shi a madaidaiciyar matsayi ko sanya shi a kan kofin filastik.
5. Jira har sai matsanancin Tushen ya fito. Tsarin yana da tsayi, zai iya ɗaukar kwanaki goma.
6. Lokacin da tushen bayyana shuka seedling a cikin ƙasa domin cacti.
7. Ruwa kawai ta cikin kwanon rufi. Minti 10 bayan ruwa, magudana daga gare ta duk ruwan da gilashin.

Sake-sake aiwatarwa

Lokaci na gaba zaka iya ruwa kawai bayan makonni 3-3.5.

Wata hanyar sake kirga wata murtsattarar idan ta lalace:

1. Yanke duka ɓataccen sashin ruwan murtsunti.
2. Dry na kwanaki 3-4, a lokacin wanne lokaci ya kamata a ɗaure wannan sare.
3. Bi da tare da tushen ci gaban stimulator kuma saka a gilashin ruwa. Ruwa yana buƙatar sosai don yana rufe yanki na santimita 2-3.
4. Bayan kimanin makonni 1-2, sabon Tushen zai bayyana, lokacin da suka kai 1 cm a tsayi, ana iya dasa shukar a cikin sabuwar ƙasa mai shirye.

Ba a iya ciyar da murtir ta wannan hanyar tare da takin zamani har shekara guda.

Cactus dashi

Idan akwai kwari ko cututtuka, yana da kyau a dasa fure cikin sabon tukunya da sabon ƙasa.

Juyawa zuwa cikin sabon tukunya

A murtsunguwa rots daga ƙasa, abin da za a yi, a wannan yanayin:

1. Shake fitar da murji daga tsohuwar tukunya, a hankali ku bincika tushen da gangar jikin kanta.
2. Ya kamata a datse tushen da ya bushe da lalacewa, idan tushe ya lalace, dole ne a yanke shi da ƙoshin lafiya, kuma a yayyafa shi da karyayyen carbon da aka kunna.
3. Bayan haka, dole ne a wanke fure da kyau a cikin ruwan zafi (digiri 50-55), tare da kara kashe-kashe ko maganin kashe kwari a ciki.
4. Dry don kwanaki 3-5 a rana a cikin madaidaiciyar matsayi kuma tare da tushen shimfiɗa sosai.
5. Shuka a cikin ƙasa ta ajiye tushe a kwano a cikin tukunya kuma yayyafa tushen da ƙasa. Yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar cewa ƙasa ba ta isa saman abin wuya ba.

Bayan irin wannan curin da aka dasa, dole ne a adana shi a cikin inuwa, ba tare da yin awo ba har tsawon kwanaki 3-5.

Abunda abun ya shafa

Yadda zaka iya ajiye cactus idan ya shafa ta fun rot rot:

• Idan gangar jikin murtsunti, an yanke kuturun da wuka kuma ku magance da sulfur.
• Idan an shafa saman, to, dole ne a yanke shi da nama mai lafiya, kuma shuka yakamata a yi amfani dashi azaman jari don alurar.
• Idan ya juye a kan wani katako - ya ɓoye raunukan da gawayi ko gawayi, ko a kula da kore mai haske.

A lokacin jiyya don fungi, ya zama dole don ware duk wani feshin ruwa tare da ruwa, zai fi kyau ayi amfani da maganin kashe kwari don wannan dalili.

Magungunan magani

Tare da bushe bushe, launin ruwan kasa mai haske da kuma ƙarshen blight, yana da buƙatar lokaci-lokaci (1-2 sau wata daya) kula da tsire-tsire tare da phytoncides da kwari.

Tare da daskararre launin ruwan kasa, idan cactus ya zama mai laushi da ruwa, abin da za a yi:

• Warkar da duk raunin da ya samu a kan akwati.
• Koma daidai tsarin kulawa.
• Bi da shuka tare da fungicides sau ɗaya a kowane mako 1-2.

A cigaba da kula da muƙamuran

Bayan an warke shuka, saboda haka a nan gaba ba shi da wata matsala ta kiwon lafiya, ya zama dole a kirkiri yanayi mai kyau.

Zazzabi da zafi

Don cacti, wurin haifuwa wanda shine hamada, wajibi ne don samar da isasshen hasken rana. Suna jin daɗi yayin da aka sanya su cikin hasken rana kai tsaye, amma a lokacin rani a cikin zafin rana tsakar rana har yanzu ya fi kyau in rufe su don kada su tsokani ƙonewa.

Za a fi son lokacin zafi zuwa 26-28 ° C zafi. Danshi suna buƙatar akalla 40-50%. fi son iska a cikin hunturu bai wuce zafin 15-18 ° C ba. Yawancin nau'ikan (ban da waɗanda ke da ɗimbin sashi) za su sha wahala rage yawan zafin jiki zuwa + 5 ° C. Ga mutane daga tsaunuka, ana buƙatar haske da walƙiya mai ƙarancin kusan 60%.

Watse

A cikin hunturu, cacti zauna a cikin wani lokaci mai sanyi da hibernate. A wannan lokacin, tsire-tsire ba sa bukatar m ruwa. Rage cacti ba shine fiye da sau ɗaya a kowane mako biyu ba, kuma a cikin adadi kaɗan. Tare da shigowar bazara, yawan ruwa yana haɓaka a hankali, kuma a lokacin rani ana shayar dasu sau da yawa (kowace kwana 3-4). Tun Oktoba, ya kamata a sake ciyar da sharar ruwa. Dole ne a yi amfani da ruwa kawai don tsarkakakke kuma tsarkakakke.

Yadda ake fahimtar cewa murtsunguwa ta bushe bayan hunturu

Na farko, bushe aibobi ya bayyana akan karar, fure ya rasa kyawawan halayensa, daga karshe ya mutu. Idan iskar tayi girma ko da kaɗan ne, sabbin ƙwayoyi suna bayyana a jikinta kuma duk kyallen takarda suna rayuwa, tana cikin yanayi mai kyau. Idan karar tana da wahala, kuma ƙasa a cikin tukunyar tana bushe sosai, to, a fili takan mutu daga fari, musamman idan tana a yankin mai amfani da hasken rana.

Watara ta cikin kwanon rufi

Kasar

Don ɗan asalin cacti zuwa hamada, ƙasa tana buƙatar haske, sako-sako, danshi-danshi. Don alamun nasara, ƙasa tana buƙatar iska, haske da ɗan acidic. Soilasa ta kasance tana da kyakkyawan malalewa a cikin ƙananan ƙananan pebbles, yumɓu mai yumbu ko tubalin da aka murƙushe. Soilasar dole ne ta ƙunshi yashi, peat da gawayi.

Cututtukan cacti da lura da su a gida suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, tunda makomar sa ta gaba zata dogara ne akan taimakon lokaci zuwa gonar dabbobi. Don jimre wa cututtuka da kwari, dole ne koyaushe ku amsa da sauri, har ma mafi kyau don dakatar da bayyanar su, kula da ƙaunataccen aboki ƙaunataccen.