Hanyoyi masu kyau don girma maras kyau begonia - cututtuka da kuma daga tsaba. Tsarin Kulawa

Ampelnaya begonia - kyakkyawan tsire-tsire mai haske. Yana da kyan gani a cikin tukunya ko tukwane a kan babban kafa, yana ja hankalin kusan kowa. Bugu da ƙari, kula da ƙwararrun begonia baya buƙatar ƙwarewa na musamman. Kuma ko da mawaki mai mahimmanci mai ba da labari shine batun haifuwa da wannan fure a hanyoyi masu sauƙi, wanda za'a tattauna a wannan labarin.

Amppella begonia wani nau'i ne na begonia na tuberous tare da maida nau'in rataye mai tsawon mita 30-40 tare da furanni biyu da na biyu na launuka daban-daban (launin fari, rawaya, Furoli, ruwan hoda, orange, da dai sauransu); launuka daban-daban (cikakke kore, ganyayyaki kore, brownish tare da kore veins).

Menene hanyoyi na kiwo?

Ƙararren begonia yana ƙaruwa cikin hanyoyi masu zuwa:

1. Tsaba.
2. Leaf.
3. Cuttings.
4. Tubers.
5. Rarraban daji.

Zaka iya samun ƙarin bayani game da hanyoyin kiwo don tubegon begonia da kulawa a nan.

Bugu da kari a gida

A gida Hanyar da ta fi dacewa ta yadda za a iya haifar da begonia mai mahimmanci shine grafting (hanya mai cin ganyayyaki): wannan hanya mai sauƙi (ko da don farawa a floriculture), azumi (furanni na farko zasu yi furanni a watan Agustan), yayin da yankan, duk alamun mahaifa (launi, launin launi, siffar da girman fure, da dai sauransu) ana kiyaye su .

Girma daga cuttings

Sake haifar da begonia mai ban mamaki ta hanyar yankan za a iya aiwatar da shi a cikin shekara, amma rudani zai faru da sauri da kuma yadda ya kamata a cikin bazara.

• Shiri na cuttings.
  1. Zaɓi lafiya, mai karfi, ba tare da lalacewar bace, tsawon tsayi mai tsayi 8-12 cm.
  2. An harbe mai harbe daga daji na begonia a kasa da kumburi tare da takalma mai ma'ana ko wuka. An sanya yanke a dan kadan kadan.
  3. Cire duk ƙananan ganye daga shafukan. Ya kamata a kalla 2 -3 kodan.
  4. An bada shawara don bushe petiole na tsawon sa'o'i.
• Gyara.

  Tushen damun begonia a hanyoyi biyu: a cikin ruwa ko a ƙasa.

  1. Ana yin amfani da ruwa a cikin ruwa a cikin karamin gilashi ko ganga filastik, zai fi dacewa da gilashin duhu ko filastik. Matakan ruwa (zaka iya amfani da rabuwa da aka rabu da shi) a cikin tanki ya kamata ya zama kamar ƙananan rassan yana cikin ruwa kuma sauran yana sama da ruwa.

     Wannan yanayin ya bayyana ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa bayyanar tushen sun bukaci oxygen. A matsayinka na mulkin, tsarin tushen shine aka kafa a kan rike kawai a iyakar ruwa da iska a cikin tanki. Ba'a ba da shawara don nutsar da tsirrai a cikin ruwa ba saboda cewa tip ta zubar da kasan tasa: wannan na iya haifar da shi ya rushe. Har ila yau, ba a canza ruwa a cikin jirgin ruwa ba, amma kawai zazzage shi yayin da yake kwashe. Haka kuma an yi amfani da shi a wasu lokuta don ƙara ƙaramin carbon carbon kunnawa zuwa ruwa don ƙazantar da shi kuma don ƙara miyagun ƙwayoyi "Kornevin".

     Matsakaicin adadin harbe da za'a iya sanyawa a cikin akwati daya shine 1-2: cuttings sun mutu sau da yawa a cikin manyan mutane. An sanya jirgin ruwan tare da makaman a wuri mai dumi, amma ba a karkashin hasken rana kai tsaye ba. Kuna iya rufe duk tare da jakar filastik don ƙirƙirar yanayi. Bayan bayyanar tushen tsawon tsawon 0.7 - 1.5 cm, tsawon shuka zai iya dasa a ƙasa.

  2. Begonia kafe mafi alhẽri a cikin ƙasa. Don waɗannan dalilai, ana amfani da ƙasa mai laushi da ƙasa mai gina jiki: ana iya sayo shi daga shagon ko a haɗe ta da hannayen kansa (peat da sandan yashi a cikin rabo 1: 1).

     Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da gangamin karamin mota kamar tukunya mai rushewa: yana da sauƙi don kiyaye ci gaba da asalinsu. Zai yiwu a yi amfani da kofuna na filastik kofi don waɗannan dalilai, amma kar ka manta da su yin ramuka mai laushi a cikinsu.

     Idan akwai yawancin cututtuka, an yi amfani da kayan shafa a cikin kwalaye na musamman ko kwandon abincin gurasar filaye: harbe suna da tsada a cikin irin waɗannan kwantena, wanda zai taimaka wajen ingantawa. Yanke da man fetur da aka bushe a cikin ruwa ta hanyar tip, sannan - a cikin "Kornevin".

     Bugu da ƙari, a wani kusurwa na digiri 45, ana binne harbe 2-3 a cikin ƙasa mai laushi. Gyara zai kasance mafi mahimmanci idan an saka tukunya a saman tare da kaya ko filastik. Da zuwan tushen farko, ana iya cire "greenhouse".

     Hankali! Lokacin da aka rufe akwati tare da rikewar kunshin ko wasu hanyoyin inganta, yana da mahimmanci kada ku manta game da iska!

     A cikin yanayi na greenhouse, yawancin condensate na iya taimakawa wajen lalacewar cuttings. Don kauce wa wannan, lallai ya zama dole don cire fim sau ɗaya a rana don rabin sa'a a kowace rana a yanayin sanyi mai kyau, kuma a babban zafin jiki - sau 3 na minti 10 - 15.

     Yanayin mafi kyau ga ci gaba da harbe suna da wadannan: zafin jiki + 20 ° C - + 28 ° C, matsakaicin watering, hasken rana, hasken rana na yau da kullum.

• Dasa a cikin ƙasa.
  1. Bayan an kafa tushen tsarin a cikin cuttings, suna buƙatar a canza su a cikin tukwane. Don yin wannan, wajibi ne don shirya akwati a gaba, cika darajarsa ta ƙasa tare da yumɓun ƙasa, sannan - tare da substrate daga shagon ko tare da cakuda peat da yashi.
  2. Bayan da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin ƙasa, hannu a cikin tukunya, a mike tsaye a cikin tukunyar, idan an yi amfani da ruwan sama a cikin ruwa.

     Hanya mafi kyau na dasa shuki ga matasan shuke-shuke da ke dasawa a ƙasa shine hanyar hanyar tayar da hankali: shuka yana fitowa daga tanki kuma, ba tare da girgiza wata ƙasa ba, an sanya shi a cikin wani sabon tukunya.

  3. Ƙaƙasasshen ƙasa na ƙasa a gindin yana da hannayen hannu, an shayar da shuka kuma a sanya shi a wurinsa. A kan tukunya da diamita na 12 cm, an bada shawara don shuka 5 zuwa 6 petioles don haka daji mai ban mamaki begonia ne lush da kyau.

Muna ba ku bidiyon akan shirye-shirye na cuttings da rooting:

Koyarwar bidiyon da ke biyo baya game da dasa shukiyar shuka begonia:

Yadda za a yi girma daga iri?

Hanyar ƙwayar dabbar da ba ta da kyau a cikin begonia tare da tsaba ba a san shi ba kamar yadda aka dasa. Wannan ya bayyana ta hanyar cewa sabon ƙwayar balaga daga zuriyar ba zai fita ba da da ewa.

1. Don wannan hanyar haifuwa, dole ne ka fara tattara tsaba. Bayan wallafawa na furanni begonia (na halitta ko na wucin gadi), shuka a cikin fall yana nuna 'ya'yan itace a cikin akwati (jakar fure) wanda ya ƙunshi tsaba.
2. Su ne ƙananan ƙananan, don mafi kyau ganuwa, an haɗa su da yashi kafin shuka.
3. A ƙarshen Disamba - farkon watan Janairu, akwati ya cika da ƙasa (1 part of sheet soil: 1 ɓangare na yashi: 2 sassa na humus), tsaba suna sown a kan wetted surface, wanda ba a binne.
4. Gaba, akwatin yana rufe gilashi ko filastik filastik, ba manta game da samun yawan amfanin gona na yau da kullum. Bayan harbe ya bayyana kuma ya fi karfi, za'a iya cire shafi ɗin.
5. Lokacin da samfurori ke samar da 2 - 3 ganye, dole ne a yi wani abu, yada su 2 - 3 cm baya.
6. Bayan wata daya ko biyu, ana ɗauka ta biyu: distance a tsakanin seedlings ya zama 5-6 cm
7. Kuma kawai a cikin watan Mayu, ana shuka 'ya'yan itace a cikin tukwane.

Kula da kananan shuke-shuke

1. An bada shawara don shuka tsire-tsire na begonia wanda aka dasa a cikin tukwane a wuri mai haske, amma ba tare da hasken rana kai tsaye a kan foliage ba. Yanayin zabin shine arewa, arewa maso yamma, windows windows. Wani matashi yana shayarwa sau da yawa, amma kadan kadan.
2. Yana da mahimmanci kada a bada izinin laima mai yawa a cikin maɓallin, idan dai begonia zai mutu daga juyawa.
3. Kamar yadda mai tushe ya girma, za a buƙaci talla na musamman don tallafawa su. Ana yin gyare-gyare na sama da takin mai magani mai mahimmanci, wanda aka saya a shagunan flower, daga bazara zuwa kaka 1 - 2 sau daya a wata.
4. Bayan shuka tsaba na begonia ampelous, an sanya akwati zuwa wuri mai haske (+ 24 - + 28Y), a kan sarrafa saman kashin ƙasa da aka yadu daga bam din da aka yi da ruwa mai dumi.
5. A lokacin watanni na hunturu, wajibi ne don kari da tsire-tsire tare da jiki (karantawa game da kula da tuberous begonia a cikin hunturu a nan).
6. Makonni biyu bayan girbi na farko, ana iya ciyar da tsire-tsire a mako-mako tare da maganin talauci mai ma'adinai.

Ƙarin cikakken bayani game da kula da begonia tuberous a gida da kuma a filin bude za a iya samu a cikin wani labarin dabam.

Matsaloli masu yiwuwa

• Rot, fure-fure, da dai sauransu. - halayyar cututtukan cututtuka na matasa basa begonia.

  Don yin rigakafin wannan abu, ana bada shawara don wanke ƙasa, tukunyar da za'a dasa shi ko tsaba da za a shuka (magani na jiyya, magani mai zafi). Za ku sami bayanin irin cututtuka na begonia na tuberous da ke hana tsire-tsire daga furanni, da kuma sarrafawa da matakan rigakafi a cikin wani labarin dabam.

• Rotting cuttings. Wannan abu ne mai yiwuwa tare da wuce kima ban ruwa da ban ruwa. Har ila yau, kar ka manta game da yin amfani da iska na "greenhouses" a kullum, wanda tushen da ke shuka.
• Tsaba ba germinate. Wannan zai yiwu idan nau'in ya kasance mara kyau ko inganci na dogon lokaci. Yana da mahimmanci mu tuna cewa shukawar tsaba na begonia mai ban mamaki ya ɓace a tsawon lokaci, don haka yana da kyau a shuka shuka wadanda aka tattara a baya a cikin fall a cikin hunturu. Kuma, ba shakka, bincika rayuwa mai ɗorewa na tsaba da aka saya a cikin shagon.

Raba ta hanyar cuttings da tsaba su ne hanyoyi guda biyu da suka fi dacewa wajen kiwon kiwo begonia. Bugu da kari, ba sa buƙatar zuba jari na tsabar kudi. Babban yanayi na nasara a cikin wannan - sha'awar mai ciki, samar da yanayi mai dadi da kulawa da kyau ga ƙwayar matashi.