A kusan dukkanin yankuna na yanayin zafi na kasarmu, tumatir suna girma ta hanyar shuka. Wasu mazauna bazara suna yin wannan a cikin gidan kore, greenhouses masu sanyi suna dacewa a cikin ba mafi yawan yankuna na arewa ba, amma galibi a cikin bazara taga sills na gidaje an rufe su da kwalaye da tukwane. Idan aka kwatanta da wasu albarkatu, tsiro tumatir yayi sauki, don haka yan lambu sukanyi shi da kan su.
Dasa tsaba don shuka
Yana ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa daga shuka iri zuwa tumatir girbi, don haka shuka iri kai tsaye a gonar yana yiwuwa ne kawai a yankuna na kudanci. A cikin ƙasa na Krasnodar, ba a buƙaci tsire-tsire, ana girma a can kawai idan kuna son samun amfanin gona da wuri. A tsakiyar layi ba za ku iya yi ba tare da shuka ba, amma, an yi sa'a, yanayin gidan birni ta yawan zafin jiki ya dace da haɓaka shi.
A farkon bazara, komai ya kasance a shirye don shuka iri don shuka: sun sami adonsu ko sayi sabbin tsaba, kwantena kwanduna ko siyan tukwane na ƙasa, tattalin abubuwan da aka cakuda ƙasa ko kuma sayan ƙasa da aka yi girki na shuka a cikin shagon.
Kwanakun dasa tumatir na shuka
Lokacin shuka tsaba a gida ya dan danganta ne a kan tumatir iri-iri da kuma inda ya kamata su ƙara girma: a cikin ƙasa ko a ƙasa mai buɗe ido. Idan ka shuka iri da wuri (a farkon lokacin bazara), yana iya zama cewa bushes sun riga sun girma, kuma titin har yanzu yana da sanyi. Sabili da haka, bai kamata ku rush tare da wannan taron ba, ana shuka tumatir daga baya fiye da eggplant da barkono.
Don lissafta lokacin shuka tsaba ya biyo baya daga gaskiyar cewa a cikin seedling mataki, tumatir suna buƙatar ciyar kimanin watanni biyu, kuma ana iya shuka su a cikin lambu ba tare da tsari ba kawai bayan wucewa barazanar sanyi. Tabbas, ya faru da cewa a cikin yankuna ba yankuna masu yawa da ke faruwa a cikin Yuni kuma ba, amma a yankin tsakiya ko kuma yankuna masu kama da yanayin, ana iya dasa shuki a ƙarshen Mayu. Sabili da haka, ajalin shuka iri don shuka ya faɗi a cikin rabin Maris na biyu. Don namo shinkafa, zaku iya shuka iri biyu kamar mako.
Amma ga iri-iri, a matsayin mai mulkin, marigayi cikakke iri ne ake shuka farko, waɗanda farkon su ne na ƙarshe. Wasu samfurori na farko-farkon a cikin watanni biyu a cikin tukwane suna sarrafawa ba wai kawai Bloom ba, har ma don saita 'ya'yan itace, kuma wannan ya rigaya ya superfluous. Sabili da haka, ana iya shuka tumatir na fari a farkon Afrilu.
Zabi da kuma shirin kasar gona da iyawa
Yawanci, ana shuka tsaba a tumatir da farko a kowane ƙaramin akwati ko akwati, sannan kuma ana dasa shuki a cikin kofuna daban ko kuma a cikin babban akwati. Dukkanta ya dogara da fifiko na lambu, yawan bushes girma da kuma kasancewa da sarari kyauta a cikin Apartment.
A matakin farko, daga shuka iri har zuwa daukana, babu wani abu da ya fi dacewa da akwatinan kwali da aka yi da ruwan 'ya'yan itace ko madara tare da damar daya zuwa biyu. Yanke ɗayan manyan bangarorin, yi ramuka da yawa a ɗayan ɗayan don magudanar ruwa - kuma an gama. Volumearar tana dacewa kawai don shuka iri na 1-2, kuma tsawon sati biyu ƙarfin wannan kwali ya isa sosai.
Don nutsewa, mafi dacewa, tukunna peat-matsakaici ya kamata a saya. Amma sun ɗauki sarari mai yawa, kuma suna kashe kuɗi. Sabili da haka, masu mallakar frugal suna tattara kowane irin kofuna daga kirim mai tsami, cuku gida, da dai sauransu Ga yawancin nau'ikan tumatir, ƙarar 300-500 ml ya isa, musamman manyan manya - har zuwa lita. Da kyau, idan akwai sarari sosai a gidan, muna ɗaukar kowane akwati na katako na girman da ya dace kuma muka dasa shuki a cikin wannan ɗakin kwanan dalibai. Kawai akwatunan kada su yi ƙarami: tsawo ya kamata aƙalla 8 cm.
Atoan tumatir na iya shukawa a kusan kowace ƙasa, idan kawai ta kasance ba mai cutar ba ce. Kuna iya sayan fakitin cakuda ƙasa a cikin shagon: duniya ko musamman don tumatir. Amma don girma babban adadin seedlings kadan tsada. Tare da haɗa kai na cakuda, ainihin abun da ke ciki shine peat, humus da ƙasa sod (duk daidai suke). Idan wani abu ya ɓace, za mu yi amfani da abin da yake kusa, amma gaurayen ƙasa ya kamata ya zama haske, danshi-mai ɗaukar nauyi.
Hanya mafi sauki daga babu komai ita ce ƙasa da yashi (2: 1), amma irin wannan cakudawar ya kamata a haɗa shi da ɗanyen ash, kuma zai fi dacewa takin ko humus.
Dole ne a lalata kowace ƙasa. Amaura a cikin tanda ba ta da daɗi ga jiki, don haka abu mafi sauƙi shi ne yayyafa ruwan tare da ruwan hoda mai dumi na potassium permanganate. Yi wannan 'yan kwanaki kafin shuka iri.
Tsarin iri
Shiri na shuka don shuka ya dogara da asalin su. Don amfanin gona da yawa, dasa shuki irinsu (F1) yafi riba.
A ra'ayina mai kaskantar da kai, wannan aika-aikar ba ta shafi tumatir koyaushe. Tabbas, akwai 'ya'yan itace masu samar da' ya'yan itace mafi inganci. Amma akwai da yawa da yawa sun cancanci iri da ba mu nemi mu yi ban kwana da su ba. Tabbas, daga tumatir na 'ya'yan itace, zaka iya ɗaukar tsaba kuma koyaushe ya kasance tare da naka, a gwada.
Idan an sayi tsaba a cikin shagon, dole ne a karanta umarnin. Wataƙila sun riga sun shirya don shuka. Fasaha shirye-shiryen zamani na wasu lokuta suna haifar da haɓaka iri, amma mafi ƙarfi bushes girma daga gare su. Gudanar da kowane shiri mai zaman kanta na irin wannan tsaba, zaku iya lalata duk abin da mai masana'anta yayi tare da su kafin siyarwa. Irin waɗannan tsaba za'a iya shuka su nan da nan, bushe. Da kyau, ko iyakar - soaked.
Kuna buƙatar shirya tsaba don shuka. Za'a haɗu da tsarin disinfection tare da kin amincewa da tsaba. Don yin wannan, shirya karfi, duhu duhu bayani na potassium permanganate. Lokacin narkarda, tabbata cewa duk muryoyin lu'ulu'u sun tarwatse. Ana kiyaye tsaba a cikin gilashi tare da irin wannan mafita na mintuna 20-25, amma bayan mintuna biyar tare da tsananin ƙarfin hali, mafi kyawun tsaba za su nutsar, kuma bayan wasu ƙarin biyar waɗanda ba su cancanci shuka ba za su tabbata a farfaɗo. Wataƙila za su yi toho, amma tsirrai za su yi rauni sosai fiye da sauran.
Ana buƙatar ingantaccen bayani na potassium (hagu) don miya iri; mai rauni bayani (dama) don lalata ƙasa
An tace tsaba da aka yanko ta hanyar damfara, an wanke su da ruwa mai tsabta kuma a sa zane mai bushe. Bayan ajiye su dumi na kwanaki biyu, saka a cikin wannan rag a cikin kowane karamin kofin (zai fi dacewa, idan akwai, tasa Petri tasa), rufe tare da murfi da aika zuwa firiji. Hardening ya ƙunshi motsi masu motsawa daga firiji zuwa waje tare da mita na 8-12 hours na kwana uku. Bayan haka, an shirya tsaba don shuka.
Gaskiya ne, wasu yan lambu ma suna amfani da jiyya tare da haɓakar haɓaka (Epin-karin, zuma, ruwan 'ya'yan aloe, da sauransu), amma da alama cewa wannan ba lallai bane ga tumatir (amma, alal misali, ga irinyen ƙwai, waɗanda suke da yawa sosai, kuna buƙatar yin wannan ) Shin zai yiwu ba aiwatar da tsaba na kwata-kwata? Tabbas, yana yiwuwa, amma idan bushes a baya bai ji ciwo ba kwata-kwata kuma idan akwai garantin cewa tsire-tsire a nan gaba bazai fada karkashin tsananin sanyi ba.
Yadda ake shuka tumatir don shuka
Akwai al'adu waɗanda ba su so su ɗauki ɗan hoto, amma akwai waɗanda ba a yarda da su ba. Don tumatir, yana da amfani, don haka bai kamata a shuka su ba don seedlings nan da nan a cikin kofuna daban. Don shuka, ɗauki ƙaramin akwati ko akwati kuma zuba ƙasar da aka shirya tare da yanki na 5-6 cm, daidaita shi da ɗan kadan m. Idan muka shuka iri-iri a cikin akwati ɗaya, a kowace hanya muna rarrabawa ko kuma sanya hannu kawai ga albarkatun. Sauran masu sauki ne.
- Muna yiwa alama tare da kowane kayan aiki masu dacewa tare da zurfin tsalle-tsalle na 1-1.5 cm a nesa na 4-5 cm daga juna.
Za a iya yin tsagi da zurfi ba zurfi ba
- Mun shimfiɗa tsaba da aka shirya a nesa daga 2.5-3 cm daga juna.
Tumatir tsaba ba su da ƙanana, ana iya shirya su a lokaci guda
- Yayyafa tsaba tare da ƙasa, a saman, idan dusar ƙanƙara ta yi ba ta narke ba, sai ku sa shi tare da fitila na 3-4 cm. Idan ba ku iya samunsa ba, a hankali ku shayar da amfanin gona, ku lalata ƙasa. Idan babu dusar ƙanƙara (kuma yana da amfani ga shuki na gaba!) Zaku iya shayar da shi tun ma kafin a fitar da tsaba, tare da juye-juyen.
Snow ga tsaba shine mafi kyawun shayarwa
- Muna rufe aljihun tebur tare da gilashi ko fim kuma sanya shi a cikin wuri mai ɗumi, zazzabi mafi kyau shine 23-25 game daC. Kafin farawa, haske abu ne mai kyau, amma ba buƙatacce.
Fim ɗin yana ƙirƙirar tasirin kore sosai.
- Bayan kwanaki 4-7 (dangane da iri da yawan zafin jiki), zaku iya tsammanin '' madaukai '' tumatir. Muna canja wurin akwatin zuwa windowsill tare da bude taga. Don kwanaki 5-6 a lokacin, ana buƙatar zazzabi na 16-18 ° C, kuma da dare kadan ya yi ƙasa. Sa'an nan a hankali ƙara shi zuwa 18-20 ° C a lokacin da rana kuma zuwa 15-16 ° C da dare.
Seedlingsa'idodin seedlings da ya kamata suyi kama da chunky ko da a matakin farko
Hanyar dasa tumatir don shuka
Da aka bayyana shuka da ke cikin akwatin gama gari dabara ce ta al'ada a cikin tumatir girma. A cikin kwanaki 10-12 zamu nutsar da tsiran tsiran a cikin kofuna daban ko manyan akwatina. Amma kwanan nan, wasu, hanyoyin rashin daidaituwa don shuka iri don shuka sun zama gama gari.
Amfani da tukwane peat
Zama tukunyar peat ana yin sa ne da peat, an matse su ta hanyar tukwane daban-daban da girma dabam. Peat ne sau da yawa ana bi da shi da takin mai magani da haɓakar haɓaka. Fa'idodin tukwane na peat akan kowa kamar haka:
- lokacin dasa shuki a gonar, ana shuka shuka da tukunya;
- tare da irin wannan juyawa, Tushen ya kasance cikin kwanciyar hankali;
- peat wanda ake yin tukwane shima taki ne.
Tumatir suna buƙatar tukwane masu matsakaici Wani rashin damuwa na tukwane na peat shine cewa sun sha da ruwa, saboda haka ya fi kyau kar a sake ɗauke su: saka su a tire da suka dace kuma a ajiye su har sai an dasa shuki a gonar. Bugu da kari, tare da tsari mai yawa, tushen shuka daya yayi girma a cikin tukunya mai kusa, wannan yakamata a kula dashi.
A cikin tukwane peat seedlings suna da dadi sosai, amma zasu ɗauka sarari da yawa
Tukwane na peat suna da kyau musamman ga amfanin gona waɗanda basa buƙatar ɗaukar hoto. Tumatir ba ya cikin irin wannan, amma, duk da haka, wasu lambu suna shuka tsaba tumatir a cikin tukwane kuma suna girma seedlings a cikinsu har ƙarshe. Hanyar shuka ba ta bambanta da wannan a cikin yanayin akwati.
Shuka a cikin allunan peat
Allunan Peat suna da kyau ga albarkatun gona da basa son girki. Amma, kamar tukwane na peat, wasu masoya kan yi ta amfani dasu a lokacin da suke shuka tumatir, tunda yana da matuƙar dacewa. Allunan an yi su ne daga peat wanda aka matse, wanda aka ƙara abubuwan gina jiki da abubuwan haɓaka haɓaka abubuwa daban-daban. Mafi kyawun diamita na allunan don tumatir na itace 7 cm.
Ana sanya allunan a cikin tire a hankali suna cika da ruwa. A lokaci guda, tsayin su yana ƙaruwa sau da yawa. A cikin ɗayan ƙarshen allunan (kuna buƙatar nemo shi kuma sanya kwamfutar hannu tare da wannan ƙarewa) akwai ƙananan raunin ciki wanda aka sanya zuriyar. Bayan haka, an rufe tsaba a hankali kuma an shayar da su kadan. Allunan tare da amfanin gona a cikin akwati an rufe su kuma a ajiye su a cikin ɗumi mai haske, mai haske, lokaci-lokaci ƙara ruwa. Bayan fitowan, an cire murfin. Ruwa da Allunan, kawai ƙara ruwa a cikin akwatin. Ba lallai ba ne don ciyar da seedlings a cikin allunan.
Allunan suna da komai na shuka: ba kwa ma bukatar ciyar da shi
Amfani da takarda bayan gida
Sau da yawa, a farkon matakin girma seedlings (har zuwa ɗaukar hoto) suna yin ba tare da ƙasa ba, suna amfani da takarda bayan gida a matsayin madadin. Wannan misali ne na abin da ake kira hydroponics, amma yana da wuya a kawo tomatoan tumatir ba tare da ƙasa ba a ainihin dasawa a gonar. Exampleaya daga cikin misalin takarda amfani da simulates shuka iri a cikin akwatin gama:
- Yanke wata filastik cokali daya da rabi a cikin rabin sannan ku sanya takarda da yawa na shimfida bayan gida a ƙarshen ɗayan hatsi.
- Ana sanya tsaba tumatir da aka shirya tsakanin yadudduka takarda, 2-3 cm baya.
- An feshe takarda da ruwa, bayan wannnan rabin kwalbar an nannade da fim.
- Sanya wannan "akwatin" a cikin wani wuri mai ɗora kuma jira seedlings.
- Lokacin da harbe suka bayyana, suna runtse zazzabi kamar yadda yake a cikin ƙasa, kuma bayan 'yan kwanaki sai su ƙara shi.
- Har zuwa tara, ba su yin komai tare da kwalbar, sannan sai suka rarraba tsarin kuma su narkar da seedlings a cikin kofuna tare da ƙasa.
A wani zane, yi amfani da takarda bayan gida a cikin wani nau'in "katantanwa", juya shi cikin maɗauri, wanda aka shimfiɗa a kan fim mai ƙima.
A cikin katantanwa, seedlings suna rayuwa ne har sai lokacin nutsewa
Kulawar seedling
A cikin ɗakin, mafi kyawun wurin shuka shine windowsill na rana, amma lambu suna yin duk abin da zai yiwu, sabili da haka dole ne ku fito da zane don ƙarin hasken wuta: har ma akan tebur kusa da taga yana iya zama duhu.
Yanayin girma (haske, zazzabi)
Daga ra'ayi na zazzabi, kwanakin farko na farko bayan germination suna da mahimmanci: idan kun bar seedlings a zazzabi sama da 20 game daC, cikin ‘yan kwanaki kadan ana iya zubar da su. Suna nan da nan shimfidawa, musamman idan har yanzu babu isasshen haske. Ragowar lokacin tumatir ya kamata da yawan zafin jiki na yau da kullun kusan 20-22 game daC (18 ya dace, amma 25 ya riga ya zama kaɗan). Ya kamata ya zama 'yan digiri kaɗan sanyi da dare.
Ba a fadada hasken rana takamaimansa ba, a cikin Maris-Afrilu ya isa, amma hasken yakamata yayi haske. Hasken rana yana isa kawai a kusa da windowsill (a yamma da waɗanda ya rigaya bai isa ba, a arewacin daya ƙanana kaɗan). A kowane hali, dole ne a shirya tsire-tsire don an tura shi zuwa gilashi, amma bai taɓa shi ba. Na'urori da yawa na yin kwalliya suna taimakawa: madubai, kayan abinci, da sauransu irin waɗannan allon da aka sanya a gida an saita su don hasken rana ya shiga cikinsu, kuma daga garesu ake nunawa akan shuki.
Haske yakamata yayi sanyi domin kada ya ƙone ganyen
Koyaya, hasken wucin gadi akan silsilar window ko akan tebur ba makawa. Ba a so a yi amfani da fitilun wutar lantarki don wannan: su ma suna yin zafi. Mafi kyawun zaɓuɓɓuka sune hasken wutar lantarki na hasken rana ko hasken rana, mafi kyawun abu shine phytolamps na musamman don shuka.
Watse
Tare da ka'idodin shayar da shuka, kowane abu mai sauƙi ne, amma masanan lambu ba su da ikon keta su. Ba a buƙatar ƙarin ƙwayoyin ruwa! Yana da ban tsoro musamman a matakin farko kuma a haɗe tare da yanayin sanyi mai duhu. Slightanƙanƙan ruwa na ƙasa, har ma a cikin babban akwatin, an tabbatar da cewa zai haifar da cutar baƙar ƙwayar baƙar fata da kuma mutuwar yawancinta.
Ruwa da seedlings kawai da ruwa mai dumi (25-30 game daC) kuma a yanayin saukan bushe bushewar farfajiya na ƙasa. Suna yin wannan ba da kullun ba; Ana iya buƙatar shayarwar yau da kullun kawai a cikin matakan karshe na ci gaba, lokacin da tsire-tsire sun riga sun girma sosai, kuma babu isasshen sarari a cikin tukwane ko akwatina.
Manyan miya
Farkon riguna na farko yana da kyawawa lokacin da ganye na ainihi ya bayyana, amma idan ƙwayar ta tsiro a al'ada, ana iya jinkirta shi, saboda kwanaki 1-2 bayan wannan (a cikin lokaci na ganyayyaki 2) dole ne a tumatir. Sabili da haka, ana ba da madaidaicin kayan miya bayan kwana 10-12 bayan nutsewa. Yi amfani da kowane takin ma'adinai cikakke bisa ga umarnin shi. Idan aka cakuda cakuda ƙasa da kyau, kawai jiko na itace ash na iya isa.
Bukatar girke-girke na gaba ya dogara da yadda ake shuka tsiro da kuma tsawon lokacin da ya rage kafin a dasa shi a cikin ƙasa.Idan akwai fargabar cewa tsire-tsire za su yi fashewa, bai kamata a ba da nitrogen ba, kuma yana da ma'ana don maimaita ciyar da ash, ana iya yi kwanaki 10-12 kafin dasawa. Idan tsire-tsire sun ci gaba sosai, yana da kyau a yi amfani da azofoska. Batun ciyarwa shine ba don samun bushes na rabin-mitt a ƙarshen bazara ba, amma don sa seedlingsannan stronganyun kuzari masu ƙarfi.
Bidiyo: daga shuka iri zuwa tumatir tumatir
Zaba
Don seedlings tumatir, daukana a cikin na gargajiya hankali ana daukar shi a matsayin wajibi. Tabbas, tumatir zasuyi girma ba tare da shi ba, amma dasawa seedlings a cikin wani fili mai fa'ida tare da fiskantar tushen tsakiyar yana inganta yanayin tushen tsarin kuma yana haifar da shuka mai ƙarfi.
Yawancin lambu suna fita lokacin da ganyayyaki 2-3 na gaske suka bayyana. Gaskiya ne, kwarewar mutum ya nuna cewa yana da sauƙin yin hakan a baya. Idan ƙasa tana da abinci mai gina jiki, to, bayan kwanaki 7-8, a cikin yanayin yanayin da ya dace, seedlings suna girma Tushen gaske, kuma ganyayyaki na ainihi a wannan lokacin har yanzu suna peck. Idan ka jira tsawon lokaci, Tushen zai iya girma sosai har zai zama da wuya a fahimci wanne ne babba, zai zama da wahala a yi rami domin dukkan seedling din zai iya dacewa da sabon wuri.
Dauko tumatir, ba shakka, zai fi kyau a yi a cikin kofuna dabam dabam tare da damar akalla 300 ml, amma wannan yana yiwuwa ne kawai lokacin da girma 10-20 bushes. Bamu dasa kasa da 150 ba, sanya tabarau da yawa a cikin gida ba gaskiya bane. Sabili da haka, bayan nutsewa, 'yan seedlings suna zaune a cikin ɗakuna - manyan kwalaye na katako. Mun sanya su girman girman sills na taga. Kuma tumatir quite saba jure wa dasa a cikin lambu tare da wasu lalacewar da tushen, don haka babu bukatar damuwa game da ciwon su yi ta tono seedlings daga cikin akwatin.
Bayan 'yan sa'o'i kafin a daukana, ya kamata a shayar da seedlings cikin kariminci. Sun tono fitar da seedlings tare da abin wasan ƙyallen kai ko tare da taimakon cokali mai yatsa, cokali - duk abin da yake a hannun. Zai dace mu yi rami a cikin girman da aka haƙa a cikin sabon wuri tare da tsohon fensir (bayan komai, yana kama da kololuwa, anan kuna da tara!). Matsa tsakiyar tushen yadda ya dace da sauƙi a cikin sabon wuri. Wasu lokuta dole ku tsage har da rabi, amma ba ƙari ba. An binne tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu jujjuyawa don ganyen cotyledonous ya kasance mm 5-10 kawai daga farɗan ƙasa. 'Ya'yan' ya'yan itace suna dasawa cikin akwatin gama gari bisa ga tsarin da babu kauri sama da 10 x 7 cm.
Pikivka - darasi a cikin kayan ado
A hankali matse tushen tare da yatsunsu, zuba seedlings tare da ruwan dumi kuma tsaftace su don kwanaki 2-3 a cikin inuwa m a zazzabi dakin. Tsire-tsire da suka yi tushe a cikin wani sabon wuri bayan hakan za su ci gaba da girma da sauri. Tuni a rana ta biyu za a ga yadda ake jawo su zuwa ga haske: yana nufin cewa komai yana kan tsari. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, kwalaye suna juya zuwa wata hanya ko kuma zuwa ga rana, saboda seedlingsan itacen su haɗu a ko'ina.
Wuya
Makonni biyu kafin dasa shuki a gonar, ana horar da seedlings a cikin iska mai kyau. Da farko sun buɗe tagogi, sai suka kwashe su zuwa baranda. Tabbas, yawan zafin jiki kada ya zama ƙasa da 10-12 game daC, da lokacin tafiya ya kamata a ƙara hankali: daga mintina 20 zuwa cikakken yini. Bugu da kari, a wannan lokacin, ana koyar da tumatir ga rashin danshi, da rage yawan ruwa. Idan a lokaci guda ganyen ya bushe, yana da kyau: kawai kuna buƙatar sanin ma'aunin, kada ku kawo tsire-tsire zuwa mutuwa.
Bidiyo: tukwici don girma tumatir tumatir
Cututtuka da kwari na seedlings a gida
Idan ana kula da ƙwayoyin cuta da kyau, kuma an lalata tsaba da ƙasa, cututtukan gida suna da ƙarancin gaske: sanadin cututtukan ƙwayar dole ne a neme su a cikin ayyukansu. Wasu daga cikin cututtukan ana samun nasarar magance su, wasu kuma na masu kisa.
- Blackaƙwalwar baƙar fata cuta ce mai haɗari, dalilin mafi yawan lokuta shine waterlogging na kasar gona, yin ruwa tare da ruwan sanyi da kuma dasa shuki mai yawa. A naman gwari infect seedlings kusa da kasar gona, da kara duhu, thins fita, da shuka ya mutu. Ba shi yiwuwa a adana samfuran cututtukan. Dole ne a cire su, kasar gona ta shayar da potassiumgangan ya kuma yafa masa busassun yashi. Amma ya fi kyau dasa shuki da tsire-tsire masu rai nan da nan zuwa ƙasa mai tsabta.
Kafa ta baki cuta ce mai mutuwa
- Septoria (fararen tabo) wani naman gwari ne wanda yake rufe ganyayyaki da ƙananan aibobi mai haske waɗanda ke juye launin ruwan sama akan lokaci. Cututtukan da ke cikin farkon farkon ana bi da su ta hanyar feshin seedlings tare da fungicides (cakuda Bordeaux, Ridomil Gold).
Ana maganin Septoria ne kawai a matakin farko
- Fusarium wilting wani naman gwari ne wanda ke shafar mai tushe na tsirrai wanda yayi duhu, ya bushe kuma ya rasa tsawan su. Bar ya haskaka, ja da baya. An cire tsire-tsire masu ɓacewa, kuma ana yayyafa maƙwabta waɗanda ke kusa da Trichodermin ko Fitosporin-M.
Tare da tsire-tsire na Fusarium, zaka iya ajiye waɗanda ba su fara lalacewa ba.
- Mosaic tumatir cuta ce ta hoto, tare da nuna rashin daidaituwa ta halayyar launuka. Dambatattun launuka iri-iri da kowane nau'i a jikinsu. A tsawon lokaci, ganye yakan bushe ya mutu. Dole ne a cire tsire-tsire masu lalacewa, sauran fesa tare da bayani urea 3%.
Mosaic yana da lahani, amma wannan cuta tana da haɗari
- Dandalin launin ruwan ƙasa yana bayyana a cikin nau'i na ƙananan rawaya masu launin shuɗi akan ganye, nan da nan ganye zai mutu. A cikin matakan farko, ana iya warke cutar tare da taimakon duk wasu kwayoyi masu ɗauke da jan ƙarfe, kamar ruwa na Hom ko Bordeaux.
Idan an kama tabo launin ruwan kasa akan lokaci, za'a iya ceta seedlings
Karin kwari a cikin wani gida na birni kusan babu inda ya kamata a ɗauka idan ba su kasance cikin ƙasa ba, don haka irin wannan bala'in ma ba safai ba ke kai hari. Mafi shahararrun kwari na tumatir tumatir sune masu zuwa.
- Thrips ƙananan kwari ne masu haɓaka da sauri kuma suna tsotse ruwan juji. Yin rigakafin yana feshin tsire-tsire tare da jiko tafarnuwa, kula da kwaro - Shirye-shiryen Actellik ko Fitoverm.
Thrips mataki yayi kama da cizo
- Aphids - da larvae hibernate a cikin ƙasa, saboda haka ana iya kawo su gida. Yawancin lokaci aphid yana zaune a kan ganyen, da sauri juya ganye cikin wadanda basu da rai. Yin gwagwarmaya - guda kwayoyi kamar yadda a kan thrips.
Aphids akan tumatir sunyi kama da na sauran tsire-tsire
Sauran kwari na tumatir da ke harba bushes a cikin lambun (fararen fata, bear, sprout flort, scoop lambu, da dai sauransu) ba a same su a gida akan shuki
Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa a lokacin da suke girma seedlings
Shuka tumatir a cikin wani gida ya fi sauƙin sauƙin barkono ko ƙabeji. Amma ɗan lambu marar ƙwarewa na iya kwantawa don jira.
Matsala ta farko tare da dasa shuki da ke kwance tana jiran mai gida a cikin kwanakin farko bayan shuka. Idan baku saurin zazzabi da sauri kuma ya kara haske, tozartar da sauri ta shimfidawa. Idan kayi nasarar kamawa, ƙashin gwiwa a cikin foran kwanaki bai wuce tsawon 3-4 cm ba, zaku iya ƙara ƙasa kuma saita yanayin zazzabi da haske. In ba haka ba, dole ne ka kamanta.
A halin da ake ciki mai yiwuwa ne a lokacin da rijiyoyin-shuke-shuke ba zato ba tsammani fada en masse. Sau da yawa wannan yana faruwa daga shuka lokacin farin ciki sosai. Gaggawa bukatar fitar da bakin su, barin mafi karfi. Zai fi kyau kada a fitar da tsire-tsire, amma a yanka su da almakashi a farfajiyar ƙasa. Wani dalili - ƙafa na baƙar fata - an tattauna a sama.
Idan seedlings suna da ƙarfi, amma ba su yi girma ba, yana iya zama sanyi kawai. Wannan halin ba ma mara kyau ba: a cikin sanyin da yake dasa shi kawai yana ƙaruwa, amma bai kamata ka jinkirta da yanayin zafin zafin ba har fiye da mako guda. Idan komai yana tsari da zafi, wataƙila, tumatir kawai basu da isasshen abinci mai gina jiki, ya kamata a ciyar dasu da sauri.
Ganyen rawaya babbar matsala ce. Sau da yawa wannan yakan faru ne sakamakon rashin haske ko kuma yunwar nitrogen. Wadannan abubuwan guda biyu suna da sauki a gyara, amma idan hakan bai taimaka ba, zaku iya kokarin dasa tumatir cikin kwantena mai fadi da kasa mai tsafta.
Yana faruwa cewa a cikin kyakkyawan jin daɗin rayuwa, tsire-tsire sun fara bushewa kuma sun lalace sosai. Dalilan suna da bambanci sosai kuma suna da wuyar faɗi. Wadannan na iya zama ba kawai matsaloli tare da rashin ko wuce haddi na danshi ba, har ma da overfeeding tare da takin mai magani. Idan aka gano wata matsala, ana iya magance ta, kuma an sami wani ɓangare na tsiron.
Shuka tumatir na tsiro yana samuwa ga kowane mazaunin bazara wanda ke da ƙwarewar asali a cikin aiki tare da tsire-tsire, lokacin kyauta da kuma wurin shirya akwatuna a cikin gidan. Sabili da haka, yawancin yan lambu suna girma seedlings akan kansu, saboda kun san ainihin abin da kuka shuka da abin da zaku samu. Ba lallai ba ne don dogara da masu siyarwa a kasuwa, amma dole ne kuyi aikinku.
