Kayan iri iri iri na matasa yana da amfani mai yawa.
Babbar amfani ita ce yawan amfanin ƙasa na iri-iri, da mahimmancin mabukaci na 'ya'yan itace.
Bugu da ƙari kuma cewa iri-iri ba burma ba ne ga ƙasa.
Wane irin ne?
Tsarin bishiyoyi na matasa ya shafi jinsin hunturu. An halin high yawan amfanin ƙasa, hunturu hardiness da fari juriya.
Tsaro na 'ya'yan itace a cikin matsakaicin watanni uku, duk da haka, ya dogara ne da adadin apples:
- Ana buƙatar zafin jiki mafi kyau - 0 ° C;
- dangi zafi na iska - 90-95%;
- ajiya a cikin kwalaye na katako ko kwantena;
- 'ya'yan itace da yawa;
- Fassara apples ta sa.
Har ila yau, yanayin hunturu sun hada da: Nastya, Nymph, Aport, A Memory of a Warrior da Orlik.
Ruwan jini
Rashin lalacewar ya faru ne saboda pollen na furanni na furanni na iri-iri, tun da itacen apple ya zama nau'in marasa amfani.
Daidai shuka hanyoyi guda biyu a nesa da mita biyar daga juna.
Mafi kyawun maki don zabe:
- Snow Calvil;
- Miltosh;
- Yowan.
- Pepinka;
- Tsarin rani.
Bayyanar
Ana bayyana siffar itacen bishiya da tsaka-tsayi mai tsayi, babban kambi na launi mai launi da haske mai duhu, manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Fast girma, sredneroslye. Crohn ya taso. Launi na rassan shine launin toka. Rassan suna da tsayi, tsawo, suna motsawa daga gangar jikin a babban kusurwa. Fruiting on kolchatka da mashi.
Fruit bags elongated, manyan masu girma dabam. A harbe suna da kyau pubescent, babban, da launin ruwan kasa launi. Wani babban ganye, mai launin fata da wani ɗan gajeren lokaci, ƙare.
Ganye suna launin ruwan kasa, mai lankwasa, manyan a cikin kauri. Chechevichki matsakaicin girman. Gilashin launi yana da manyan, symmetrical, wrinkled da moderately pubescent.
A buds ne ja-ruwan hoda launi. A furanni suna da fari tare da ruwan hoda splashes.
Ribbed, nauyi, amma manyan girma. Launi na apple shine haske mai haske, mai sauƙi ya juya cikin murfin inuwa mai duhu.
Fata ne mai santsi tare da kadan waxy shafi. A saman, a bayyane bayyane a cikin manyan hanyoyi masu girma.
Jiki yana da farin tare da tinge mai launin fata, m tare da ƙanshi mai haske.
Ku ɗanɗani zaki, mai dadi da m. Dadin dandano na Aromatny, Dessert Petrov, Ural Bulk, Silver Hoof da Pepin Saffron suna da dandano ɗaya.
Tsara halin da ke tattare da sinadarai mai mahimmanci na 'ya'yan itace:
- abu mai bushe - har zuwa 20%;
- sukari - 13%;
- titrated zuwa-ku - 0.5%;
- ascorbic acid - 11 MG da 100 g;
- Rabin sukari ga acid yana da kusan 30;
- P-aiki abubuwa: flavonols - 20 MG da 100 g, catechins - 127 MG da 100 g;
- yawan adadin phenolic mahaukaci ne 260 MG da 100 g (121-340);
- abubuwa pectin - 0.42%;
- bitamin C - 40 MG;
- bitamin B1, B2, A, PP.
Hotuna
Da dama hotuna na apple apple iri-iri "Matasa" za a iya gani a kasa:
An samo ire-iren itatuwan apple Molodezhnoye a cikin Cibiyar Nazarin Volgograd Cibiyar Ma'adinai. N.I. Vavilova by hybridization Zhiguli da Boyken.
Magunguna iri iri: Malychenko V.V., Balandina L.N.
Apple iri-iri Matashi yana da suna na biyu, wanda aka samo daga sunan marubuta - Malychenkovskoe.
Ƙasar girma
Yankin yanayin girma na apple iri-iri Matasan shine Ƙasar Lower Volga na Rasha.
Tare da dasa shuki da kulawa da kyau, nau'o'in suna samun karɓuwa a wasu yankuna, amma mafi yawan alamar yanayi shi ne yankuna na rana, misali, yankunan kudancin Ukraine.
Yawo
A cikin itatuwan 'ya'yan itace' ya'yan itace Matasan shiga cikin shekaru 4-5 bayan dasa. Da iri-iri suna halin yawan amfanin ƙasa mai girma da kuma kyakkyawan yanayin transportability.
Girbi farawa a farkon watan Satumba. Ba a nuna apples ba a yayin da ake yin bazara. Girbi ne na yau da kullum, shekara-shekara, kimanin 150 quintals a kowace hectare.
Mafi yawan amfanin gona suna nunawa ta wadannan nau'o'in: Winter Pear, Dauda Melby, Antey, Winter Beauty and Autumn Low.
Saukowa
Yawan amfanin ƙasa da girman 'ya'yan itacen apple iri-iri Molodezhnoe ya dogara ne akan kulawa. Lokacin da dasa shuki itace ta amfani da takin gargajiya.
Kula da itacen apple ba ya buƙatar ƙoƙarin da yawa, tun da iri iri ba cikakke ba ne ga ƙasa.
Don itace don yayi girma, lafiya da kyau, abu na farko da kake buƙatar shine zabi zabibi mai kyau:
- sayan seedlings tare da tushen tsarin tushen kuma saya su a cikin wani sashi tare da wannan yanayi climatic;
- zabi wani ƙwayar matashi, sa'an nan kuma ya dace da sauri zuwa ƙasa a kan gonar inda aka girma;
Bayan sayen seedlings yana da matukar muhimmanci a zabi wuri don dasa itacen apple:
- yanki na rana;
- rashin iska;
- yankunan da ake dasawa ya kamata a tsabtace su;
- don sa itace ta kara karfi kuma ya kawo yawan amfanin ƙasa, ana bada shawarar yin amfani da ƙasa mai layi;
- kauce wa wuraren da ruwan karkashin kasa yake kusa da farfajiya;
- yadda ya kamata a shirya rami mai saukowa.
Apple itatuwa na wannan iri-iri suna dasa, a matsayin mai mulkin, a cikin yanayi biyu:
- kaka (marigayi Satumba - farkon Oktoba);
- spring (marigayi Afrilu).
Abu mafi mahimmanci a tsarin saukowa shine shiri na ramukan saukowa. Sanya mafi kyau na rami don dasa shuki apple: 1x1x0.7m.
Ƙunƙasa na sama na ƙasa da aka ƙaddara ta haɗu da ƙananan kasuwa kuma an gabatar da takin gargajiya masu zuwa:
- 18-20 kg na doki taki;
- 250 grams na itace ash;
- 250 g na superphosphate;
- 100 grams na potassium sulfate.
Ramin ya cika da cakuda ƙasa tare da taki don 2/3. Daga sama suna zuba ƙasa mara kyau ba tare da takin mai magani ba. Ramin ya shayar kuma sake cika Layer na ƙasa mai kyau.
Yanzu zaku iya dasa itacen apple. Bayan mun tabbata mun ɗaure shi zuwa tarkon katako.
Kula
Da farko dai, itacen apple ɗin 'yan matasan iri-iri ba sa bukatar a kula dashi. A cikin bazara, shekara ta biyu bayan dasa shuki, yana da muhimmanci a samar da kambi mai laushi na itacen apple.
Dole ne a datse ƙarshen kowane reshe. Shekaru biyu na farko yana da muhimmanci cewa itacen bishiya an rataye shi da katako na katako (yana da kyau a yi amfani da itacen kurciya ko hazel).
Yana da kyawawa don na farko zuwa hudu zuwa shekaru biyar kada ku bada 'ya'yan itace na apple don samarwa (yana da muhimmanci a dauki 80-100% na furanni).
Kulawa na asali a cikin shekaru biyar na farko bayan saukarwa:
- yanyan bishiyoyi don karewa daga rodents da hares (kayan - takarda, lapnik);
- mulching tare da humus pristvolnyh da'irori;
- Tudun ƙasa zuwa tsawon ashirin da centimeters;
- ban ruwa na bishiyoyi tare da gaurayawan da suke karewa daga kwari.
Cututtuka da kwari
Bishiyoyi iri-iri Molodezhnoye suna halin high juriya ga daban-daban cututtuka fungal. Hanyar mafi kyau wajen magance apple don cututtukan fungal shine rigakafi.
Mafi yawan matakan da ke kawo tasiri akan cututtuka daban-daban na itacen apple:
pollination na colloidal sulfur da jan karfe mahadi;- da amfani da iri dake da tsayayya da cutar;
- lalata abubuwan da aka shafa;
- haɗuwa da potash da phosphorus irin;
- ƙasa ash;
- kafawar kambi;
- ciyar da takin mai magani na potash;
- Calcium chloride spraying a lokacin girma kakar;
- girbi mai dacewa;
- dace ajiyar apples.
pollination na colloidal sulfur da jan karfe mahadi;Daidaita da akalla rabin matsayi na sama zai kare itacen daga cututtuka irin su scab, powdery mildew (Matasan matasa sun fi sau da yawa ga wannan cutar), 'ya'yan itace, fashewa na kwayan cuta da sauransu.
Binciken taƙaitacciyar alamu da haddasa wasu daga cikinsu.
Scab
Da farko yana shafan ganye daga bishiyar, sannan kuma motsa zuwa 'ya'yan itace. Dalilin bayyanar wannan naman gwari shine mafi yawancin lokuta matsanancin iska a cikin kambi na itace ko ƙara yawan zafi.
Sakamakon farko na scab shine bayyanar launin kore-launin ruwan kasa a kan ganyayyaki, har ma a cikin babban adadin kananan launin ruwan kasa, wanda ya kafa ɓawon burodi, spots a kan 'ya'yan itace.
Fruit Rot
Cututtuka na irin launi, wanda ya shiga cikin tsakiyar tayin ta hanyar raunuka da raunuka da dabbobi, tsuntsu ko wasu hanyoyi suka fara.
Alamar farko ita ce bayyanar launin ruwan kasa akan fata na apple, wanda zai yi girma har sai apple ya ɓace.
Burn
An kira shi da kwayar cutar Erwinia amylovora. Ba za a iya warkewa marasa lafiya ba, rashin alheri. Suna bukatar a hallaka su da wuri-wuri don kada su cutar da irin wadannan nau'o'in ci gaba.
Mai wakilcin abu ne mai kariya.>
Mealy dew
Cutar cutar. Alamar halayyar cutar ita ce bayyanar naman gwari na mycelium a cikin farin farin a jikin bishiyoyi.
Yawancin lokaci cutar tana nuna kanta bayan ruwan sama. Kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa a kan itacen daga ƙasa zuwa sama, har sai ya kai hari ga bishiyar.
Kada ka manta cewa kwari na iya barazana ga bishiyoyin apple. Dole ne a dauki matakai masu dacewa da ƙwayoyin codling, da hanta miki, haws, silkworms da 'ya'yan itace.
'Ya'yan' ya'yan apples of Molodezhnoye iri-iri suna da darajar nazarin halittu kuma suna da kyawawan kaya masu kyau. Ba su da muhimmanci a yin jam, ruwan 'ya'yan itace, kayan' ya'yan itace da kuma yin burodi daban-daban. A cikin sabon nau'i don dandana basu da kusan daidai.
