Wadanda suka fara cin karo da ƙwayar orchids a gida, ba za su iya fahimtar yadda suke girma ba tare da ƙasa ba, sau da yawa suna yin kuskuren samo cakuda ƙasa da aka saba don dasa. Amma tsarin tushen fure dole yana buƙatar samun iska kyauta, in ba haka ba zai mutu da sauri. Sakamakon wannan, kafin ka sayi wannan sarauniyar tsibiri, yakamata kuyi nazari dalla-dalla game da "abubuwan dandano" kuma ku tantance irin ƙasa da ake buƙata don orchid.
Kasar gona abubuwan da ake buƙata
Yawancin lambu mai son suna da sha'awar ko za a iya amfani da ƙasar talakawa don shuka kyawawan orchids. Forasa don irin waɗannan tsire-tsire sun bambanta da sauran haɗin ƙasa wanda aka saba amfani da lambu. Ba a ba da shawarar yin Epiphytes a cikin ƙasan talakawa da aka ɗauka daga gado na fure ko daga wani lambu ba. Zasu buƙaci ƙirƙirar substrate wanda ya dace da sabuwar hanyar girma. Da ke ƙasa ana bayanin manyan abubuwan haɗin ƙasa don orchids, da kuma shirye-shiryensu kafin dasa shuki a cikin tukunya.
Yi abu don orchids
Kuna iya siyan abubuwanda aka gyara daga ƙasa a cikin shagon ko kuma tattara kanku. A zahiri, ba wuya a tattaro abin da keɓaɓɓun hannu da hannunka ba, mafi mahimmanci, sha'awar da bin ka'idodi na asali.
Barkiya
Orchids ana shuka su ne a cikin wani wuri, wanda ya haɗu da hawan kowane itace ko ma shrub. Koyaya, yawancin nau'in itaciya suna da bakin kwalliya mai kauri da ƙarfi, wanda bai dace da orchids ba. Don ƙasa ta phalaenopsis, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da porous, amma busasshen haushi. Wannan nau'in ne wanda zai iya sha da kyau kuma ya riƙe ƙarin iska da danshi, waɗanda ake buƙata don numfashi da kuma inganta tushen orchid, inganta launinta.
Kula! Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da bishiyar bishiyar bishiyoyi masu girma, waɗanda suka fi shekaru 50 girma, kuma suna da kauri mai kauri na 8-12 mm a cikin ɓangaren ƙananan akwati.
Wuraren da zaku iya ɗaukar haushi don orchids cikakke ne ga kowa. Wannan gandun daji na Pine, filin shakatawa ko murabba'i, inda ake dasa bishiyoyi. Idan iske ɗin itace kusa yake, ana iya ɗaukar haushi a wurin.
Kula! An haramta haushi daga bishiyoyi masu rai haramun. Lalacewa na inji zai iya zama babban dalilin kwari a cikin buɗe "rauni" na itacen. Bugu da ƙari, sabon haushi ya haɗa da abubuwa masu yawa waɗanda ke lalata orchids.
Lokacin girbin haushi, ya zama dole don yanke itace.
Landasa don orchids
Kayan fure
Yankin kwakwa ne da aka sanya daga kwasfa da fata na kwakwa. Abun da aka canza shine ya dace da tsarin orchid don abubuwan da ke gaba:
- ana la'akari dashi gaba ɗaya na halitta, ba tare da haɗakar abubuwa masu cutarwa ba, wanda ke sa shi ma da ƙaunar muhalli;
- mai sauƙin amfani da tsada;
- za a iya amfani da shi azaman mai zaman kansa, kazalika da kayan haɗin don shirya abin da keɓaɓɓen;
- Kayan kwakwa na kwatankwacin ingantaccen ƙarfin danshi da wadatarwa - abubuwan da ake buƙata don haɓakar orchids.
Mahimmanci! Acid ɗin ƙasa wanda ya danganta da irin wannan fiber ɗin tsaka tsaki, wato, an samar da yanayi mai gamsarwa don cikakken ci gaba na tushen.
A cikin tsararren tsari, za'a iya amfani da flakes na kwakwa, amma zai zama mafi dacewa ga manyan orchids. Flowersananan furanni suna buƙatar samar da karamin ctionsarami na kwandon kwakwa
Gawayi
Baya ga tasirin magudanar ruwa, gawayi babu shakka zai taimaka wajen daidaita sinadarin kasar gona na orchids. Amma, kamar wani adsorbent, baƙin ƙarfe zai tara gishiri da yawa sosai bayan ɗan lokaci. Bayan wannan amfani, ba zai kawo komai ga shuka ba. Sabili da haka, daga lokaci zuwa lokaci wajibi ne a maye gurbin shi da wani sabo.
Ana iya zuba shi a cikin karamin adadin kuma kawai a cikin substrate ga waɗancan furanni waɗanda basu buƙatar takin kullun. Idan kuka ƙara gawayi da yawa a tukunya da orchid, akwai haɗarin rashin daidaituwa na gishiri.
Don bayani! Kuna iya amfani da ƙarancin gawayi daga ƙone da wuta. Tabbatar a matse, bushe da niƙa shi da kyau. Slices ya kamata ya zama 4-5 mm a cikin girman (ba fi 1 cm ba).
Ma'adanai
Wadannan kayan aikin an gabatar dasu a cikin kayan hade tare da kayan miya na sama, wanda ke sa a sami damar rama don rashin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin babban micro- da macroelements na cakuda ƙasa. Ma'adanai kuma suna hana tara nau'ikan gishiri a cikin ƙasa, kuma suna taimakawa ci gaba da wadataccen ɗan acid ɗin da keɓaɓɓe. Tufafin Orchid sun hada da nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, boron da magnesium, baƙin ƙarfe da sulfur. A cikin mafi ƙarancin magani, orchid yana buƙatar kayan miya, wanda akwai zinc, chlorine, silicon, sulfur, manganese da sauran ma'adanai.
Aka gyara daga cikin abubuwan maye gurbin orchids
Bugu da ƙari, zaku iya amfani da waɗannan abubuwan haɗin don substrate: tushen fern, foamglass, moss sphagnum. Yawancin lambu suna ƙara ɗayan polystyrene, amma ya fi kyau ba.
Idan kana buƙatar ƙara tushen fern, za ku iya tono su da kanku. Dole ne a yi amfani da manyan sassa na tushen tsarin. Yana da kyau a tuna cewa mafi girman ɓangaren ƙasa na shuka, yaɗataccen tsarin tushen, shine ainihin abin da ake buƙata. Tushen ana bada shawarar a wanke su da ruwa mai ɗumi, a bushe, a yanyanƙa gunduwa-gunduwa waɗanda ba su fi 2 cm ba.
Kula! Idan kuna son ƙara ƙwayar motsin sphagnum zuwa furen fure tare da orchid, to zaku iya tattara shi a cikin bazara bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke a cikin ƙananan wurare. Wannan halin yana tattare da mallakar ƙwayoyin cuta kuma yana tara ruwa. Aiwatar da shi kawai a bushe da sabon tsari.
Gilashin kuzari ƙaƙƙarfan tushe ne mai tushe wanda ke da kyakkyawan ƙarfin danshi. Wani sabon abu, sifa wanda yake canzawa shine ya sa ya yiwu ya tara ruwa a cikin micropores na kasar, ya kuma fitar dashi ta macropores. Wannan yana bawa oxygen damar shiga cikin tushen tsirrai, yana wadatar dasu da kyau.
Ilasa zaɓin abun ciki don orchids
Tabbas, zaku iya siyan cakuda ƙasa da aka shirya don orchids a cikin shagunan fure, amma suna iya samun duwatsu da yawa. Sabili da haka, don adana shuka, ya fi kyau a yi musanya don orchid da hannuwanku. Phalaenopsis yana haɓaka sosai a cikin ƙasa daga abubuwan da aka gyara a cikin rabo mai zuwa:
- sassa biyu na tsakuwa da haushi;
- wani sashi na gawayi da yumbu.
Kuna iya amfani da irin wannan datti na orchids:
- sassa uku na itacen oak ko itacen Pine;
- bangare guda na yumbu da aka fadada, tushen daskararre da gawayi.
Za'a iya zaɓar abun da ya dace na kasar gona don orchids da hannuwanku daban-daban. Mafi mahimmanci, dole ne a sarrafa dukkanin kayan aikin kuma an bushe su sosai. Wannan zai cire dukkan cututtukan fungi.
Abubuwan da ake buƙata don shirin ƙasa a gida
Don yin musanya don orchids da hannuwanku, dole ne ku shirya kowane bangare a hankali. Ana buƙatar kulawa da ƙima don haushi daga bishiyoyi, gansakuka sphagnum da asalin tushen fern. Niche mataki-mataki-mataki ne na shirya abubuwan maye gurbin.
- Ka tattara haushi daga bishiyoyin da aka bushe ka tafasa don rabin awa. Bayan haka, yana da kyau mu bushe shi.
- Sannan a zuba gansakuka da ruwan tafasa na tsawon awanni 2-3 sannan a cire matattun kwari daga ciki. Bayan haka, bushe moss ɗin da kyau.
- Zai fi kyau tono Tushen fern a cikin gandun daji. Tabbatar a matse, niƙa da bushe su a cikin inuwa.
- Dukkanin abubuwan ƙasa na orchids a gida ana adana su a cikin akwati mai iska da kuma gauraye tare kafin amfani.
- Bayan haka, an zuba ƙasa don orchids tare da ruwan zafi na 'yan sa'o'i biyu.
Kula! Hakanan cakuda ƙasa mai ƙare ya kamata kuma a shirya don dasa shuki cikin houseplant. Da farko, an share shi da kyau don cire ƙura da ƙananan barbashi. Kawai za su hana shuka daga ci gaba ne yadda yakamata, tare kuma da rufe sarari kyauta.
Idan ƙasa don orchid tana da ƙamshin naman da baƙon abu ba, haramun ne a yi amfani da ita ba tare da gurɓataccen ƙwayar cuta ba, tunda ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna da ƙwazo sosai a ciki. Dole ne a zuba ƙasa mai gurbatawa da ruwan zãfi na tsawon awanni 2-3 ko a dafa (na awa 1-1.5). Bayan wannan, dole ne a kula dashi tare da wakili na antifungal na musamman.
Preparationasa shiri
Jin zafi
Kusan dukkanin nau'in orchids don haɓaka mai kyau da fure yana buƙatar kula da matakan danshi mai kyau a matakin da ya dace:
- don phalaenopsis 60-80%;
- don epidendrum 50-75%;
- don shanu 60-70%;
- don bulbofillum 40-50%.
Kula! Farashin danshi na iri iri-iri na iri daban-daban da kuma hybrids na iya bambanta sosai. Sabili da haka, yanayin girma ga kowane takamaiman misali ya kamata a fayyace tun kafin sayen orchid.
Alamu cewa shuka tana jin rashin lafiya saboda tsananin bushewar iska:
- gefuna zanen gado ya zama mai launin shuɗi ya bushe;
- buds sun fadi kadan;
- dogon hutu tsakanin buhunan furanni;
- ganye na roba yana raguwa;
- inji yana bushewa.
Yawancin nau'ikan orchid da hybrids da suka girma a cikin floriculture gida suna dacewa sosai ga yanayin ɗakin kuma suna jin al'ada a cikin zafi daga 40 zuwa 60%. Matsalar ita ce cewa a cikin hunturu lokacin lokacin dumama wannan mai nuna alama na iya ƙasa da 20%. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don ƙara yawan zafi a cikin ɗaki:
- sayi humidifier ko injin jingina;
- girma da orchid a cikin florarium;
- sanya akwatin kifin ko babban rijiyar na ado kusa da furen;
- koyaushe ba da ruwa a sararin samaniya kusa da furen daga bindigar da aka fesa;
- saka tawul mai tsabta akan batura;
- shigar da fure fure a cikin tire tare da m filler (gansakuka, yumbu da aka faɗa, pebbles).
Kasar
Lokacin yankewa wane irin ƙasa ake buƙata don orchids, yana da daraja tuna cewa substrate dole ne irin wannan cewa tushen shuka zai iya haɓaka kullun kuma yana daidaitawa a cikin tukunyar. Haɗin ƙasa don orchids a al'adance abubuwa ne da yawa ba wai kawai na halitta bane amma har ma da wucin gadi. An zaɓe su kuma sun gauraya don kada tushen tsarin ya juya, kwararar iska da haske ba iyaka. Tsarin acid na duniya don fure na cikin gida ya kamata ya zama matsakaici, pH5.5-6.5.
Ofayan mafi kyawun samfuran da aka saya ana ɗauka su zama orchiat, wanda ya ƙunshi haushi da Pine Newanine. Yawancin masu girbin furanni suna ba da shawara don shuka tsire-tsire matasa a cikin irin wannan abun da ke ciki, wanda za'a iya ƙarfafa shi da sauri ta hanyar tushen abubuwan da ke canzawa. Orchiat yana riƙe da abubuwan haɗinsa duk abubuwan amfani da abubuwan gina jiki da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.
Kula! Wannan cakudawar ƙasa wadda take cikewa, tana riƙewa kuma tana ba da danshi.
Zaɓin Dankalin Orchid
Furen fure don fure mai ciyawa ba kawai hanya bane don nuna kyakkyawan fure na cikin gida. Wiwi mai kyau da aka zaɓa ya kamata ya zama ƙarami a girma kuma tare da buɗewar gefe. Dole ne a cikin tukunyar tukunya ta zama mai santsi.
Zaɓin tukunya
Clay
A cikin shagunan zaka iya samun zaɓi mai yawa na tukunyar orchid mai yumɓu tare da ramuka masu yawa akan tarnaƙi.
Thearfin yumɓu a cikin tukunyar na iya haifar da lalata ingantaccen cikin bangon furannin kuma zuwa bushewa da sauri na cakuda ƙasa da asalinsu. Don guje wa wannan, kuna buƙatar zaɓar tukwanen yumɓu na glazed, farfajiyar su ta kasance mai laushi.
Clay yana ba ku damar kiyaye yawan zafin jiki da ake so. Kafin dasa shuki orchid a cikin irin wannan furen fure, ya kamata ku runtse shi cikin ruwa har tsawon awanni biyu. Wannan zai sa tukunya ta cika da ruwa, wanda daga nan zai ba da tushen fure. Idan kuna buƙatar gurɓata tukunyar yumɓu, dole sai an saka shi kafin a matse a cikin tanda na tsawon awanni 2 a zazzabi na 200 ° C.
Mahimmanci! Furannin furanni waɗanda aka yi da yumɓu da yumɓu ya kamata su zaɓi inuwa masu haske. Wannan zai ware zafi fiye da tsarin kyanda na orchid lokacin da aka fallasa hasken rana kai tsaye. Dole ne a sami ramuka da yawa a cikin irin wannan furen fure, kuma ba guda ɗaya ba wanda dukkan ruwa mai yalwa ba zai iya tserewa ba
Filastik
A zahiri duk orchids, banda nau'in ƙasa, ana siyar da su cikin shagunan cikin tukwane na jigilar filastik. Fa'idodi irin na wannan tsiron:
- Tukwane da aka yi da filastik ana ɗauka maras tsada kuma mai dacewa. Ta hanyar bango na fili yana da sauki a fahimci ko ya wajaba a shayar da fure;
- Tushen orchids da wuya yayi girma zuwa filastik, kuma idan ya cancanta, ana iya fitar da orchid cikin tukunya don sauyawa zuwa wata furen fure ko kuma don dalilin rarrabuwa;
- Abu na uku, tushen yawancin orchids photosynthesize zuwa daidai wannan lokacin da ganyen, kuma samun damar yin amfani da hasken rana ya zama dole don al'adarsu ta al'ada.
Idan ka sayi fure mai fure orchid a cikin tukunyar filastik amintacce, kar a yi saurin dasa shi. A cikin waɗannan kwantena, furen na iya samun nasarar girma kuma ya yi kyau sosai na dogon lokaci. Idan kuwa duk da haka an yanke shawarar juyawa da shuka, ba da shawarar ɗaukar tukunyar ƙasa, inda akwai sarari mai yawa. In ba haka ba, orchid zai kashe kuzari ba akan fure ba, amma domin tsarin tushen ya zama wataƙila ya cika komai a cikin tudun fure ya gyara kansa da kansa.
Da kyau, menene ƙasa don zaɓa don dasa an bayyana a sama. Yana da daraja a saurari gargaɗin don kada fure ɗin da aka samu ta mutu ba ta mutu bayan dasawa ba.
