Kofi itace ne, wanda ya samo asali daga Habasha, dangin Marenov. Na dogon lokaci ba'a san shi azaman al'adar cikin gida ba saboda imani game da hadaddun kayan aikinta. Koyaya, tare da kyakkyawar kulawa, zaku iya cimma ba kawai fure na wannan sabon abu mai ban mamaki ba, har ma ku sami 'ya'yan itatuwa don yin ainihin abin sha kofi.
Iri iri na Kofi
A cikin yawancin nau'ikan bishiyoyin kofi, iri uku ne kawai suka dace da yanayin cikin gida.
| Digiri | Bayanin |
| Larabawa | M itacen tare da elliptical ko elongated ganyen zaitun. Fuskokinsu sunyi laushi, kuma ciki ya zage dunkule. Yana da ƙananan inflorescences (ba fiye da 2 cm ba), fure-fure fure a bayan haka, bayan haka an kafa 'ya'yan itatuwa masu launin burgundy waɗanda suke kama da berries. Hatsi ya girma bayan watanni 8. Ya girma zuwa mita 5. |
| Dwarf Nana | Babu tsayi sama da 1 mita. An rarrabe shi ta hanyar fure mai yawa kuma, sakamakon kyakkyawan kulawa, kyakkyawan hatsi na hatsi. Ta hanyar datsa da kuma matsi itace, zaku iya ba shi kamannin m. |
| Laberiya | Mafi mashahuri nau'in don girma a gida. Ganyen suna da girma, sun girma zuwa cm 40. Furanni waɗanda aka tattara a cikin haske mara haske ma suna da yawa. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne mai launi ko ruwan lemo. |
Yanayin gida girma
Idan kana son samun ingantaccen shuka, ana ba da shawarar yin la'akari da lambobi masu mahimmanci.
Wuri, Haske
Itace mai kofi yana son haske, saboda haka ya fi kyau a sanya shi a kudu, kudu maso gabas, da windows kudu maso yamma. Amma yana tsayayya da shading, lokacin da aka sanya shi a taga ta arewa zaiyi jinkirin girma, fure zai zama cikakke. Shading shawarar bayan haihuwar 'ya'yan itacen.
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa wani lokacin jinkirin girma na iya lalacewa ta hanyar yawaitar hasken wuta, musamman a cikin tsire-tsire matasa.
Zazzabi
Mafi kyau a cikin bazara da lokacin rani shine + 21 ... + 23 ° C. Autumn-winter - + 14 ... + 15 ° C. Ba za a yarda yawan zafin jiki ya fadi ba; a + 12 ° C bishiyar na iya mutuwa.
Haushi
A shuka yana bukatar zafi zafi. Ko da fesawa akai-akai na iya zama isasshen.
Kasar
Shuka yana buƙatar ƙasa mai acidic: humus, turf da ƙasa mai ganye, yashi, an ɗauka daidai gwargwado, tare da ƙari sassan biyu na peat. Ana amfani da irin wannan substrate lokacin dasa shuki matasa, da kuma dasa manya.
Tabbatar amfani da magudanar ruwa. Zai fi kyau a ƙara ƙaramar ƙananan gefuna na sphagnum, don haka zaka iya kula da danshi ƙasa da acidityrsa.
Watse
A lokacin bazara da bazara, itacen kofi yana buƙatar shayar da shi sosai; a cikin hunturu, hydration ba mahimmanci ba ne. Zai fi kyau amfani da ruwan sama mai laushi.
Tun da kofi yana ɗaukar danshi daga iska, yana buƙatar fesawa kowace rana. Hakanan ana bada shawara don goge shi da soso mai ruwa. Lokaci-lokaci, ana zubar da itaciya daga shawa tare da ruwan dumi ko kuma zuba ruwa a cikin tire.
Taki
An hadu da itacen kofi a lokacin bazara da bazara, a lokacin kakar girma, wannan ba lallai ba ne a cikin hunturu. Dankali ko ruwan ɗigon ruwa mai narkewa a cikin ruwa ya dace. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da maganin ƙusoshin kaji (500 ml da lita 1 na ruwa). Wani zaɓi shine bayani game da abincin ƙashi (200 g da kilogiram 10 na ƙasa). Takin kasar a karkashin tushen, yayin da ƙasa ya kamata m.
Daga farkon bazara zuwa farkon sanyi, ana ciyar da kofi tare da takaddun takaddun takaddun don wardi da azaleas, kuna buƙatar yin wannan kowace rana.
Trimming, siffar itace
Bayan dasa kofi na farko a cikin ƙasa, shekara guda bayan haka, itaciyar tana girma zuwa tsayin 20-25 cm A lokacin girma, ana kafa kututtukan axillary a ciki - amfrayo na rassa na gaba. Girma yana fitowa a cikin shekara ta biyu na rayuwa. A wannan lokacin, ba da shawarar da aka shuka shuka. Rassan suna girma zuwa gangar jikin, saboda wannan kambin yana samun kyakkyawan siffar.
Juyawa
A cikin bazara, kowane shekaru uku na farko, ana dasa itacen. A farkon, tukunyar shuka don ta kasance ba ta wuce santimita 12 ba. Bayan an kara karfin ta 5 cm kowane lokaci. Lokacin da ya cika shekaru uku, ya isa ya zama sauyawa sau ɗaya a cikin kowace shekara 3, amma ya zama dole don sauya cm cm na saman duniya sau ɗaya a shekara. Idan ba a bin waɗannan ƙa'idodin, shuka ba zai yi fure ba.
Shuka shuka
Siffofin dasa bishiyoyi kai tsaye sun dogara ne akan hanyar da aka zaɓa na yaduwa.
Kiwo
Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don samar da cikakken shuka:
- iri;
- itace.
Tsarin iri
Ana ɗaukar tsaba kofi ba talakawa ba gasa. Germination matakai:
- Scarify hatsi (lalata harsashi). Ana aiwatar da wannan hanyar ta hanyar sinadaran (saurin zuriyar iri a cikin gauze cikin sulfuric ko hydrochloric acid) ko kuma ta hanyar injin (ƙimar, fayil).
- Jiƙa hatsin da aka shirya a cikin kayan haɓaka mai haɓaka (Zircon, Epin ko Kornevin).
- Shirya kasar a gaba (zai fi dacewa rabin wata kafin disembarkation). Ya kamata kunshi steamed turf ƙasar (bangare ɗaya), peat da yashi (sassa biyu), zaka iya ƙara ash.
- Zuba magudanar a cikin tukunya, abin da aka shirya, ya ɗauki iri kuma ya laɓe ƙasa don zurfafa game da 1 cm a cikin ƙasa.
- Zuba, rufe tare da m kayan (gilashi, fim).
- Sanya cikin haske, amma ba a cikin hasken rana kai tsaye ba. Rike zazzabi a cikin dakin + 20 ... + 25 ° C.
- Lokaci-lokaci cire tsari da fesa saukowa.
Idan ka bi ka’idoji bayan wata guda, hatsi ya kamata su tono. Lokacin da ganye ya bayyana, ya zama dole don dasawa. Ya kamata a ɗaukar tukunya tare da diamita ba fiye da 7 cm ba, amma zurfin isa. Tabbatar kare seedling daga rana. Bayan wata daya, maimaita saurin, ɗaukar akwati mafi girma diamita.
Yankan
Wannan hanyar tana da fa'idodi da yawa:
- Sakamakon sakamako 100% a ƙarƙashin dokokin;
- kaddarorin itacen uwa gaba daya ana canza su zuwa sabo;
- sharuɗɗan girma na shuka mai cikakken ƙarfi an rage shi, wanda ke nufin cewa zaku iya samun amfanin gona na farko da sauri;
- Itace itaciya yana faruwa a faɗi.
Matsayi na Cherenkovaniye:
- Shirya substrate, don wannan amfani da cakuda perlite tare da peat. Ya kamata a kwance shi, a cike shi da oxygen kuma a jika shi.
- Zuba ƙasa da aka gama da ƙarancin maganin potassium permanganate don lalata.
- Shirya itace, don wannan, daga tsakiyar itacen bishiya, zaɓi reshe mai shekara ɗaya, yanke shi da wuka mai kaifi santimita uku a ƙasa da takardar.
- A cikin ƙananan ɓangaren tare da rassan da aka yanke sabo, yi scratches tare da allura don mafi kyawun tushen samuwar.
- Sanya ƙyallen a cikin bayani wanda zai ƙarfafa ci gaban tushen tushen sa'o'i uku. Misali: wani lemun tsami na zuma a cikin ruwa na 200 ml na ruwa ko ¼ Allunan Heteroaxin a cikin lita 1.5 na ruwa.
- Sanya shi a tsaye don tsoma ƙasa kawai. Sannan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, ya zurfafa game da santimita uku, wanda ya sa duk sashin da ke ƙasa ya zama cikakke a cikin ƙasa. Sama tare da polyethylene (jaka, fim) tare da ramuka don samun isashshen oxygen da danshi lokacin fesawa.
- Sanya akwati a cikin dakin da aka rufe. Matsakaicin zafin jiki don tushen tushen shine + 25 ° C.
Cututtuka da matsaloli masu yuwuwar girma
A lokacin girma, kwari suna kai hari ga kofi (gizo-gizo mite, sikelin), cututtuka suna haɓaka, musamman, fungi.
Don kowane ɗayan waɗannan matsalolin, kuna buƙatar shafa foliage a garesu tare da soso wanda aka jika a cikin salatin ruwa. Bayan wannan ne kawai za'a iya amfani da magunguna na musamman game da parasites, kamar Actellik ko Karbofos.
Ana ɗaukar ganga 10 na kowane ɗayan waɗannan samfurori kuma an gurɓata shi a cikin ruwa 10 na ruwa. Idan kofi ya cutar da kwari sosai, to, sake tura ruwa ya zama tilas. Tsarancin tsakanin jiyya ya kamata ya zama akalla mako guda.
Alkahol yana da inganci a kan aphids, suna goge duka ɓangarorin biyu na ganye. Tare da naman gwari, ana amfani da sulfate na jan karfe.
Hakanan yana da daraja tunawa da wasu ƙa'idodi:
- lokacin da aka dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai isasshen acidic, foan itacen yana iya juyawa;
- idan zazzabi dakin yana kasa + digiri +10, itaciyar ta mutu;
- idan a cikin dakin bushe foliage iska curls.
Yaushe za ku jira lokacin girbi?
Lokacin da itace tayi girma daga hatsi, 'Ya'yan itaciyar farko zasu fito ba kamar farkon shekaru hudu ba. Itace da aka girma daga itace yana samar da fruiting a farkon farkon fure.
Idan kuna bin duk ka'idodin da aka ƙayyade don kula da kofi, zaku iya samun tushen tushen abin sha mai ban sha'awa kawai, har ma da ado don gidan ku. Daga hatsi, zaku iya ƙirƙirar kowane nau'in abubuwan ado.
An yi imanin cewa kofi yana taimakawa wajen yaƙar migraines da gajiya. Amfani da shi don lalata diyyar jini da haɓaka haɓaka jini. Wani lokaci ana amfani dashi don guba.
Zai dace a san cewa, bisa ga ka'idojin Feng Shui, wannan itaciya tana da kaddarori da yawa na musamman. An yi imanin cewa idan aka sanya shi a cikin gida, jindadin da alaƙar dangi suna inganta. Wannan inji ana gane shi azaman nau'in bishiyar kuɗi.
Lokacin sanya wannan itaciya a cikin ɗakin kwana, mai tsayi da rayuwa mai ƙarfi yana da tabbas. Wannan tsire-tsire yana jan hankalin ingantaccen makamashi a cikin gidan, wanda tuni ya zama dalilin fara samar da itacen kofi.
