Guzmania

Guzmania (Guzmania) - kyakkyawa mai ban sha'awa daga dangin Bromeliad. Halittar yana da kusan nau'ikan 130 kuma ya haɗa da tsirrai guda biyu da tsire-tsire. Theasar asalin Guzmania ita ce ta Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka.

Itace mai tsiro mai tsiro tare da dabbar fure mai kauri irin na ganye mai dorewa. Launinsu launin kore ne, wasu lokuta launuka masu launuka. Tsawon fure bai wuce 70 cm ba, kuma diamita na waje shine 50 cm.

Yana tono yana da shekaru 2-3 a cikin kaka ko hunturu. An tattara ƙananan furanni a cikin ƙyalli mai siffa-girma, wanda aka yi wa ado da launuka masu haske. Bayan fure, kanti yakan rayu tsawon watanni shida zuwa shekara guda, yana sake sakin harbe-harbe a wannan lokacin. Waɗannan matasa rosettes sun rabu don ƙarin aikin namo furanni.

Wannan dangi ya hada da echmea da tillandsia. Tsire-tsire masu matukar kyau. Muna ba ku shawara ku duba.

Dukiya mai amfani na guzmania

Yana da ikon fitar da abubuwa masu amfani daga turɓaya, don haka rage adadin abubuwan ƙura. Godiya ga wannan, inji yana tsarkake iska a cikin ɗakin.

Yana kawo gamsuwa da jituwa a gidan. Yana taimaka inganta halayyar mutum, yana ba da kwarin gwiwa, kawar da damuwa da kuma taimakawa wajen shawo kan tsoro.

Siffofin girma a gida. A takaice

Kula Guzmania a gida. Daki-daki

Dankin yana buƙatar kulawa da isasshen kulawa. Koyaya, idan kun samar mata da halayen da suka wajaba, za ta yi farin ciki da dogon lokacin da aka yi ado da fure mai kyau.

Gudun ruwa

Guzmania na fure sau ɗaya kawai a shekara ta biyu ko ta uku na rayuwa. Aƙƙarfan furen ƙwallon ƙafa mai launin furanni mai launin shuɗi. Suna ba da shuka ƙyalli bayyanar. Launinsu na iya zama ja, rawaya, lemo ko ruwan hoda.

Tsawon lokacin furanni shine watanni 3-5. Don tsawaita shi, ba'a yarda ruwa ya shiga furanni da kayan gado ba. Bayan fure, rosette a hankali ya mutu.

Yanayin Zazzabi

Dankin yana thermophilic. A lokacin rani, zazzabi mafi kyau a gare shi shine digiri 20-25, amma ba ya fi 28; a cikin hunturu - digiri 18-20. Ba a so a rusa shafi na ma'aunin zafi da sanyio a ƙasa 15: furen yana iya yin rashin lafiya kuma ba zai yi fure ba.

Ya kamata a kiyaye tsiron daga ɓoyo da canje-canje kwatsam a cikin zafin jiki yayin tashin iska a cikin hunturu

Fesa

Guzmania na gida yana son zafi mai laushi, aƙalla 60-85%. Itace tana buƙatar spraying yau da kullun tare da ruwa mai narkewa ko tace. A lokacin furanni, saukad da kada su faɗi akan furanni da katako.

A saman ƙasa a cikin tukunya, ana bada shawarar saka sphagnum rigar. Ana iya sanya tankuna da ruwa kusa da furen.

Haske

Furen ya fi son watsa inuwa m. Yana da kyau a sanya tukunya na guzmania akan windowsill na yamma ko gabas. Bai kamata a ba da izinin hasken rana kai tsaye ya faɗo a cikin ganyayyaki ba, musamman ma a cikin lokutan yamma: wannan na iya haifar da ƙonewa a cikin ganyayyaki, kuma takalmin zai juya gaba ɗaya.

A cikin hunturu, za a iya sake shirya furen zuwa taga ta kudu, saboda rashin haske ba ya shafar ciyawar nan gaba.

Watse

A lokacin rani, watering yana yalwatacce, da za'ayi kamar yadda ƙasa ta bushe; a cikin hunturu - matsakaici, ƙasa ya kamata ta bushe sosai tsakanin humidifications. A shuka bai yi haƙuri danshi stagnation.

Sau daya a mako, ana zuba ruwa kai tsaye a cikin kayan ganye sai a barsu a nan har sai an sha. A yanayin zafi sama da digiri 18, ruwa ya kwarara daga kanti.

Don shayarwa, yana da mahimmanci don amfani da tace mai laushi ko ruwan sama, zazzabi wanda zai zama digiri 2-3 sama da yawan zafin jiki na ɗakin.

Wiwi

Tun da tsire-tsire yana da tushen tushen ci gaba, tukunya mara ƙima tare da diamita na 10-12 cm ya dace da shi.Wannan yana da kyau cewa an yi shi da yumɓu. A wannan yanayin, mafi sashin nauyi mai nauyi mai zurfin sama-ƙasa ba zai juya karfin ba.

Kasar

A shuka a gida yana bukatar sako-sako da, ƙasa haske. Sauƙin kantin sayar da kayayyaki masu dacewa don bromeliads ko Saintpaulias. Don shirya cakuda da kanka, ya kamata ku haɗa:

• Leasa mai bushewa, peat doki, yashi da sphagnum a sassa guda.
• Sheet ƙasa da kwakwa na fiber a yanki guda, yanki na haushi, yashi da sphagnum - a cikin ɓangare ½.
• Soilasa ɗaya, yanki na kayan yaji da yashi daidai gwargwado.

1/3 na tukunya ya kamata ya mamaye Layer na magudanar ruwa (ya kamata a sa shi a ƙasa).

Taki da taki

Babu buƙatar rigar miya mai yawa. Daga Maris zuwa Satumba, ana iya hadi dashi don hanzarta bayyanar da faruwar fure kuma a sami lokacin fure. Manyan riguna don bromeliads ko orchids sun dace. Sashi - sau 2 ya raunana fiye da yadda aka nuna akan kunshin. Ana zuba takin kai tsaye a cikin mafita.

Juyin Guzmania

Bayan sayan, kuna buƙatar canza guzmania daga jigilar kayayyaki zuwa cikin ƙasa mai gina jiki. Zai fi kyau a aiwatar da hanyar ta hanyar hanyar narkar da kai, a hankali tana girgiza tushen daga tsohuwar duniya. Yana da mahimmanci kada a zurfafa wuyan shuka.

Tun da guzmania ya mutu bayan fure, ba ya buƙatar ƙarin fassarar. “Jariri” rabe da aka dasa shi a sabuwar duniya ya ci gaba da kasancewarsa.

Canjin ma ya zama dole idan akwai ma'anar acid na kasar gona ko idan furen bai dace da tukunyar ba.

Lokacin hutawa

Furen a gida bashi da lokacin datake magana.

Guzmania kiwo

Mafi sau da yawa yaduwa ta hanyar tafiyar matakai na gewaye, ƙasa da sau da yawa - ta hanyar tsaba.

Yaduwa da matakai

Bayan fure, rosette sannu-sannu ya mutu, yayin da yake samar da hanyoyin a kaikaice daga asalin sabuntawar. Bayan kimanin watanni 2, fewan ganye da tushen mai rauni suna bayyana a cikin samari masu samari. A wannan lokacin, an rarrabe su da hankali daga uwa uwar da zaunar da su a cikin tukwane dabam, an rufe su da polyethylene ko gilashi. An riƙe shi a zazzabi na 26-28 digiri.

Noma

Tsaba suna watsuwa a farfajiyar ƙasa wanda ya kunshi daidai sassan peat da yashi. Akwatin an rufe shi da gilashin ko polyethylene kuma an sanya shi cikin ingantaccen lit, mai dumi (digiri 23-25). Ana fitar da greenhouse a kai a kai kuma an yayyafa ƙasa.

Ya kamata harbe ya bayyana a makonni 2-3. Bayan watanni 2, sai su nutse, bayan wani wata kuma sai su zauna a tukunya daban.

Cutar da kwari

A inji shi ne quite resistant ga cututtuka da kuma karin kwari. Koyaya, rashin kulawa mai kyau na iya haifar da matsaloli:

• Hannun ganyayyaki sun bushe - karancin zafi.
• Tushen rot - wuce haddi danshi a cikin kasar gona.
• Wither ganye guzmania - ƙarancin zafin jiki.
• Grey spots a cikin ganyayyaki - shan kashi na cutar fungal.
• Farar fata limescale akan ganye - shayarwa da feshewa da ruwa mai tsauri.
• An Fadwa kuma yaran ba su fito ba - rashin wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki (watakila idan ba ku yanke farcen wilted ba).
• A nunannun ganye akan ganyayyaki masu launin shuɗi ne. - ƙonewa saboda hasken rana kai tsaye.

Daga cikin kwari, scab, gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, wani mealybug na iya yin barazanar

Nau'in guzmania na gida tare da hotuna da sunaye

Reed (Guzmania lingulata)

Yana samar da m, m rosette na fadi-layi line nuna ganye tare da m gefen. Launi na farantin ganye mai launin kore, mai haske. Tsawon Leaf - 30-45 cm, nisa - 3-4 cm .. Innak da yawa mai girma yana zaune akan ɗan gajeren zango mai kauri. Bracts suna ja. Lokaci na hurawa - hunturu - bazara.

Eda'idodin gargajiya na guzmania suna da ƙari masu yawa, wanda ke sa su dace da amfanin cikin gida:

• var. Sardinalis - furanni a cikin Maris da Satumba, bracts suna da haske ja, yada;
• var. Flammea - fure yana faruwa a watan Yuli-Agusta; bar har zuwa 30 cm tsayi, har zuwa 1.5 cm fadi;
• var. Orarami (ƙarami) - furanni a watan Yuni da Fabrairu, bracts sun kafa ja, ƙaramin rosette;
• var. Lingulata - furanni a watan Disamba da Maris, kanti yana da girma sosai, katako suna tsaye, ja ko ruwan hoda.