Oleander

Oleander (Nerium oleandr) - gan kullun daji daga dangin Kutrovy. Shuka ya bayyana a cikin zurfin Rum na Bahar Rum. Danginsa na kusa sune tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, vines na parasitic da manyan bishiyoyin wurare masu zafi. A cikin daji, yana faruwa a cikin nau'i mai tsayi (har zuwa 4 m) bushes lokacin farin ciki a cikin kwarin kogin Asiya ,ananan, a cikin tsaunukan Caucasus, yana girma a Algeria da Italiya. Tsarin al'adun wannan tsirrai daya ne, kuma sun kira shi "talakawa" oleander! A cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, suna girma kuma ana amfani dasu a cikin zane mai faɗi a cikin tekun Bahar Maliya da Crimea.

A cikin yankunan da ke arewacin, ana shuka bishiyar a cikin gidaje da a gida. Oleander yana girma da sauri, yana girma 30 cm a kowace shekara. A gida, zai iya yin girma sama da mita 2, idan ba ku iyakance ci gaban zuwa yin shuki ba. Gidajan galibi suna zaune har zuwa shekaru 15, amma idan kun sake farfado da daji kuma ku kula da shi yadda yakamata, zai iya rayuwa tsawon rai. Ana ta kwarara daga Yuli zuwa Oktoba. A kan harbe, manyan furanni masu haske suna kusa da furanni marasa buɗewa, saboda haka da alama yana yin fure a koyaushe.

M Properties na oleander

Itace mai guba amma oleandrin da kusurwa - glycosides na zuciya wanda ke cikin ganyayyaki, a cikin ƙananan allurai suna da amfani a lura da wasu cututtukan zuciya. A cikin magungunan mutane, ana amfani da tincture na oleander ganye don ciwon kai, tachycardia, rashin bacci, ciwan ciki, furunlera da lichen. A cikin maganin dabbobi, ana amfani da tinctures don kunna ƙwayar gastrointestinal kuma bi da mummunan bugun zuciya na dabba.

Yin tunani a dajin daji na taimaka wajan magance matsalar rashin haihuwa. Ana amfani dashi cikin ƙirar ƙasa don ƙirƙirar magana mai haske a cikin sahun rukuni. Shuka phytoncidact - yana tsarkake kuma yana wartsakewar iska. Ana amfani da mahimmin mai a cikin turare.

Siffofin girma a gida. A takaice

Baƙo daga ƙwayoyin zafi mai zafi, masu kulawa da kulawa ga kowane ƙaramar kulawa. Waɗanda suka yanke shawarar dasa ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta a gida za su buƙaci ba kawai ilimi mai zurfi ba, har ma da babban haƙuri don ƙirƙirar yanayin rayuwa mafi kyau na shuka:

Lokacin kula da shuki, kuna buƙatar sanin cewa akwai halaye masu girma. Yana da Dole a samar da daji. A cikin rabin na biyu na Agusta ko bayan fure, an yanke shuka a cikin rabi, harbe na gefen - by cm 10. Furen yana ƙaunar sabo ne. Oftenakin da aka ajiye shi galibi yana iska, lokacin bazara an kwashe daji zuwa gonar ko kuma baranda (an kiyaye su daga daftarin). Itace mai guba, lallai ne a yi aiki da safofin hannu.

Kulawar Oleander a gida. Daki-daki

Don jin kwanciyar hankali a oleander a gida, dole ne a lura da yanayin sa a hankali kuma ya biya buƙatun zafi, haske, ruwa.

Gudun ruwa

Fulawa cikin gida mai launi mai launi mai cike da launi da bebaye. Daga Yuli zuwa farkon Oktoba, tukwicin duhu harbe tare da kore oblong ganye suna lashe tare da haske tserese inflorescences. Manyan furanni suna fentin fararen, ja, lilac, ruwan hoda ko rawaya. Sun fitar da wari mai ɗaci; na iya zama mai sauƙi, terry da rabin biyu. Yawancin lokaci ana yin fure ta hanyar fure biyar, amma nau'in terry na iya samun ƙari.

Buds yayi kama da fure. Kusancin furanni tare da furannin da ba a buɗe ba suna ba da alama cewa oleander gida yana cikin fure kullun. Don fure ya kasance kyakkyawa kuma kyakkyawa, dole ne a dasa irin shuka. Idan shukar bata samun haske da yawa a lokacin bazara, bazai yi fure ba. By Nuwamba, 'ya'yan itacen ripens - kwalin da tsaba - parachutes.

Yanayin Zazzabi

Don taimakawa shuka don daidaitawa da rayuwa a cikin ɗakin, wajibi ne don kula da tsarin zafin jiki daidai. Dankin yana thermophilic, a lokaci guda sosai kula da yawan zafin jiki na dakin. A cikin hunturu, ma'aunin zafi da sanyio bai kamata ya faɗi ƙasa + 5 ° C ba, a lokacin rani + 18 - 27 ° C ana ganin mafi yawan zafin jiki ne. Ba ya son zafin zafin, amma bai kamata a sami canje-canje na kwatsam ba.

A cikin wani gida, ana yawan haɗuwa da zafi tare da bushe iska, wanda ba a yarda da shi ba. A lokacin dumama, kar a sanya shuka kusa da batura. Sau da yawa ya zama dole don shawo kan dakin, fesa daji.

Fesa

Fesa wani muhimmin aiki ne wanda ke taimaka wa tsire-tsire masu zafi suyi dacewa da rayuwa a daki mai bushewa. Yawancin masu girke-girke na gida suna kiyaye fure a gida akan pallet tare da yumbu da aka fadada, wannan ya ishe shi jin kwanciyar hankali a lokacin bazara da bazara.

A cikin matsanancin zafi, ana yin tsire-tsire wani lokacin (da rana, girgiza fure don kada ganye ya ƙone). A cikin hunturu, iska ta zama bushewa daga masu ɗumiar ruwa, saboda haka fesa yau da kullun.

Haske

Domin oleander ya bunkasa daidai kuma yayi kyau da kyau, barin gida ya ƙunshi ƙirƙirar wurin da ya dace. Idan shuka yana da ɗan haske, ba wai kawai zai ƙi fure ba ne, amma kuma zai zubar da ganyayyaki. Yana ƙaunar ba kawai wuri mai haske ba, haske ya kamata mai haske.

Matasan daji da aka kawo daga shagon yana sane da hankali ga hasken rana mai haske. Plantan ƙaramin tsire-tsire ya fi son gefen kudu na gidan, inda akwai ƙarin haske, amma an girgiza shi da tsakar rana. Idan yanayi ya ba da izinin dasa shuka kawai a arewacin gidan, ana shigar da luminescent ko phytolamps.

A lokacin rani, ana ɗaukar matasa bushes zuwa cikin lambu ko a baranda, amma an sanya shi a wani wuri mai kariya daga iska mai rinjaye.

Watse

Tare da ruwa kana buƙatar yin hankali. Duk da gaskiyar cewa oleander tsire-tsire ne mai ƙauna, ba za a iya zuba shi ba. Wuce haddi zai lalata tushen sa. Ana ajiye daji a cikin lokaci mai dumi akan pallet tare da yumɓu da aka lalace. A cikin bazara da bazara, shayar lokacin da substrate ya bushe daga sama.

A cikin kaka da hunturu - ƙasa da sau da yawa, kusan sau ɗaya kowace kwana 10. Watering ne da za'ayi tare da dumi, ruwa zauna. Sannan an mulmula kasar gona domin danshi ya dade. Lokacin da yake sanyi sosai, ruwan da yake cikin kwanon ya zube.

Girman tukunya

Don samun haɓaka cikakke, bunƙasa cikin sauƙi kuma na dogon lokaci, kuna buƙatar zaɓar tukunya madaidaiciya don ita. Girman tukunyar ya dogara da shekarun shuki. Idan yana matashi sosai, karamin karfi zai yi. Yayin da daji ke girma, tushen sa yana canzawa. Ba za ku iya dasa shi nan da nan cikin babban tukunya ba: kawai tushen zai yi girma, haɓakar ganye da haɓaka adadinsu ba zai faru ba. A cikin ƙaramin tukunya, ana hana ci gaban daji, za a lalata tushen.

Idan aka fara ganin Tushen a cikin ƙasa, Tushen ya fara girma kuma yana ɗaukar ciki, ana buƙatar tukunya mai sarari. An zaɓi sabon akwati saboda tushen tsire-tsire ya dace da yardar kaina, to, abubuwan gina jiki da danshi zasu same su. Yana da mahimmanci a daidaita girman furen da kuma girman gangadon kada ƙaramin daji mai nauyi ya faɗi daga cikin ƙaramin tukunya yayin da yake girma. Itace mallakar tsire-tsire na "babban ƙasa": don girma yana buƙatar daki. A tsawon lokaci, ana dasa ciyawar daga tukunya zuwa cikin baho.

Kasar

Lokacin zabar ƙasa, kuna buƙatar kula da acidity ɗin sa: ya kamata ya zama tsaka tsaki ko kuma dan kadan alkaline (pH a kusa da 7, 8). Saya abin da aka gama ko shirya cakuda ƙasa a gida daga daidaitattun sassan humus, peat, sod ƙasa da yashi (perlite).

Amfani yana buƙatar isasshen ƙasa mai kyau da ƙasa. A tsawon lokaci, lokacin da abinda yake amfani da shi duk kayan ajiyar shi da karfin sa, zai fara zama mara kyau. A wannan lokacin, ana sabunta ƙasa.

Taki da taki

Ciyar da takin tare da hadaddun mafita suna da mahimmanci don ciyayi na al'ada. Dole ne a kula da takin zamani a hankali don kada ku raunana daji ta hanyar motsa jiki sosai kuma kada a rushe shirye-shiryen tsari na fure.

A lokacin haɓaka aiki, cikin bazara da lokacin rani, ana shayar da ƙwayar tanda sau 2 a wata tare da daskararren ruwa sau biyu na tsire-tsire na gida. Ana yin riguna na sama bayan an yi ruwa a maraice ko kuma yanayin yanayi.

A cikin hunturu, ba a ciyar da daji don ya iya hutawa sosai kuma ya shirya sabon zagayen ciyayi.

Juyawa

Juya ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ita ce hanya mai mahimmanci wacce ke taimaka wa tsirran ya daidaita da yanayin gida. Matasa bushes suna dasawa a kowace shekara, manya - lokacin da buƙatu ta taso - yawanci kowane shekaru 3. Ana aiwatar da juyawa ne a cikin bazara, kafin a fara fure. Itace yana buƙatar sake ginawa lokacin da tushen sa ke cikin dunƙarar ƙurar ƙasa. A hankali cire shuka daga ƙasa, bincika tushen tsarin. Idan Tushen ya tozarta, to, an cire su a hankali. An yanke gutsattsaye masu ƙarancin ƙarfi, an yayyafa wuraren da aka yanke tare da foda na alkama.

Wani farin ciki mai cike da magudanar daskararren kwalabe, kararrawa ko yumbu mai kauri ana zuba su a gindin tukunyar. Zuba ƙasa. Sanya daji a cikin akwati ka yayyafa shi da ƙasa. Yana da mahimmanci ƙasa ƙasa ba ta isa gefen tukunyar ba ta 1, 5 - 2 cm, to, zai zama mafi dacewa don kula da fure. Ana shayar da daɗaɗɗen itacen dabino, mulched da hagu a cikin wurin inuwa don kwanaki da yawa don ɗauka. Bayan kwanaki 14, za a iya ciyar da daji. Lokacin da shuka ke girma, yana da wahala a iya sarrafawa. A wannan yanayin, maye gurbin saman.

Mai jan tsami

Cropping wata hanya ce ta samar da kambi. Itace tana ba da ganye kawai akan sababbin harbe-harbe, sabili da haka, a ƙarshen bazara ko bayan fure, an yanke daji a cikin rabi, kuma gefen harbe suna taqaitaccen 10 cm. Ana kirkirar inflorescences akan harbe harbe wanda ya bayyana bayan yankan. Cut rassan za a iya kafe. A ƙarƙashin furanni na fure, ana kafa harbe waɗanda suke da tabbacin za a cire su: suna hana ci gaban daji.

Idan an yanka oleander a baya, ba za a iya ganin furanni ba. Ana aiwatar da shukar shuki a shekara kuma shine mabuɗin kyawawan fure na fure a cikin kakar mai zuwa da kyakkyawar haɓaka a wannan shekara. Ana aiwatar da aski tare da safofin hannu don kada ruwan mil na shuka ya fada hannun.

Lokacin hutawa

Lokacin hutawa ya faɗi a ƙarshen Oktoba - tsakiyar watan Fabrairu. Dankin a wannan lokacin ana kiyaye shi a zazzabi na + 8 - + 15 ° C tare da cikakken haske, in ba haka ba oleander zai sauke ganye ba zai yi fure ba. Rage ruwa, kuma ana barin watsi da takin zamani. Itace bata da damuwa da komai, yakamata ta shakata sosai.

Kiwo

Farfagandar gidan mai yiwuwa ne ta hanyar zuriya da tsaba.

Yaduwa da oleander ta yanke

Yaduwa ta hanyar itace shine zaɓi mai kyau kuma mai araha don yaduwa.

• Yanke harbe tare da tsawon 15 - 20 cm tare da buds da yawa da ganye 3.
• Abubuwan da aka yanke suna da ƙura tare da ƙwayar carbon.
• An sanya maƙarfan a cikin rigar cakuda yashi, koko da kwakwalwan bulo (yayyafa aka yayyafa a kan makullin don hana juyawa).
• An bar seedling zuwa tushen a zazzabi na + 21 ° C kuma isasshen haske. Wani lokaci kara yana kafe a ruwa ta yayyafa shi da ɗan abin wuta a ciki.
• Bayan kimanin kwanaki 30, Tushen zai bayyana, kuma ana iya dasa shuka a cikin tukunya dabam. A daji blooms a wannan shekara.

Noma oleander daga tsaba

Sake buguwa ta hanyar tsaba ana aiwatar da su ne kai tsaye bayan tarin su: da sauri zasuyi germin.

• Tsaba suna kwanciyar hankali na sa'o'i da yawa a cikin maganin potassium permanganate kuma an shuka shi a cikin ƙasa mai laushi ba tare da zurfafa ba.
• Tare da rufe fim, suna yin ramuka a ciki. Bar a + 21 ° C.
• An cire fim din don ruwa da iska.
• A cikin makonni 1, 5, harbe zasu bayyana. Lokacin da ganye na 2 na gaske suka bayyana, an mai da su cikin tukwane daban.

Zaɓuɓɓukan kiwo biyu a bayyane kuma suna iyawa. Amma lokacin da aka yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba, shuka zai iya tsawan lokaci, kuma halaye masu ɗimbin yawa sun ɓace.

Cutar da kwari

Tare da kulawa mara kyau, ƙwayar cuta da kwari sun shafi oleander. Sannan zaku iya ganin tabarbarewarsa:

• ganye oleander zama tabo - lalacewa ta hanyar naman gwari (cutar na yaduwa da sauri; har shuka ba ta mutu ba, dole ne a kula da shi cikin gaggawa tare da maganin kashe-kashe, cire sassan da abin ya shafa);
• ba a buɗe fure ba - furen yana da sanyi (sanya a cikin wuri mai ɗumi);
• oleander ba ya yin fure - rashin haske, zafi, ruwa, abinci mai gina jiki, ingantaccen girki, gurbataccen iska (sake shiryawa a wani wuri mai haske, dumin ruwa, takin ƙasa, sanya iska);
• ganye fada - rashin haske a cikin damina da damina, shuka mai sanyi ne (saita haskakawa; sake shirya a wani wuri mai ɗumi, a lokacin rani daga titi don kawo gida da dare);
• a oleander bar bushe kuma fada - rashin haske da danshi (sake shiryawa a wani wuri mai haske, ruwa);
• ganye juya rawaya - takin da bai dace ba, danshi mai wuce gona da iri (daidaita hadi, iyakance ruwa);
• saukad da buds - yin ruwa tare da ruwan sanyi, inji yana da sanyi (sake shirya a cikin wurin dumi, ruwa kawai tare da ruwan dumi);
• black dige a ganye - cutar fungal (bi da ta fungicide);
• ganye Fade da Fade, inflorescences rasa adorativeness, buds dage farawa a lokacin rani, ba su bude a kakaNi - karamin haske (sake shirya a wuri mai haske, saita hasken baya);
• tukwanen ganyayyaki ya bushe - bushe iska a cikin dakin (fesa, saka a kan wata pallet tare da busassun yumbu).

Tare da bushewar cikin gida, rashin haske, danshi mai yawa, kwari zasu iya kaiwa daji hari. Mafi sau da yawa, furen yana shan wahala daga aphids, m gizo-gizo, sikelin kwari, mealybugs. Suna lalata bayyanar oleander, magudana shi. Ba shi da sauƙi a magance su, don haka ya fi kyau a hana maharan su a gaba ta hanyar daidaita zafin jiki da gumi.

Iri oleander na gida tare da hotuna da sunaye

Oleander da aka yi da gida yana girma a kudancin Turai. Akwai daya kawai jinsin - da talakawa oleander. An bambanta nau'ikan ta da launuka iri-iri, girman inflorescences.

Terry ruwan hoda oleander

Karamin daji bashi da tsayin mita ba tare da ganye mai elongated kore mai kama da ganyen Willow. Da yawa dozin buds za a iya bude su a lokaci guda. Terry manyan furanni masu launin fari-mai haske. Bukatar sosai akan haske da iska. Yana fure har zuwa ƙarshen kaka.

Oleander fari

Zai iya girma har zuwa 2. Yana fure daga bazara zuwa tsakiyar kaka. Bayyanar bayyanar, sau da yawa ana samun su a ofis. Babban gefen ganyayyaki masu launin fata masu duhu sunyi duhu, ƙasan ya fi wuta. Furanni masu dusar ƙanƙara-manyan manyan sauki ko kuma rabin biyu. Tana da ƙanshi mai daɗi. Kamar cropping.

Oleander ja

Furanni masu launin ja, rasberi ko burgundy mai sauki. Wani lokaci ana yin ado da karamin farin digo a tsakiya ko farar fata.

Oleander rawaya

Yankin daji ya daɗe tare da furanni masu rawaya, masu kama da sifar da karrarawa. Tsaba yayi kama da tsaba. Daga zuriya 1 da yawa furanni girma lokaci guda.

Oleander, baƙon kudu daga Bahar Rum, zai yi ado a ciki ya kawo ɗan abin ƙauna. Kula da tsiro yana buƙatar haƙuri da himma. Dangane da kulawa, oleander zai bayyana furanni masu taushi, za su ba da ƙanshin kamshi kuma su cika gidan da murna.