Chives ko albasa kamar su girma admirers na farkon bitamin da kuma m ganye. A cikin Jamus, sunan "Schnitt" na nufin "shuka don yankan kore." Duk da haka, al'ada sukan girma ba kawai don samun gashin gashi ba, amma har ma don kayan ado. Chives suna da kyawawan fure-fure-fure-fure-fure-fure-fure, wanda, tun daga farkon watan Mayu, suna iya yin ado da kowane gida da gidan da ke kusa da shi. Chives suna bambanta da rashin amfani da fasaha na aikin gona, sabili da haka noma da kulawa ba zai zama matsala ba har ma maras lafiya.
Shin kuna sani? Chives suna da sunayen da yawa: kowace ƙasa na da nasa. Alal misali, a Portugal da Italiya an kira shi "Turanci albasa"; a kudancin Turai - "tribulka"; a Bulgaria - "gudun"; kuma a cikin Ukraine an san shi da "Rezan" ko "Rezun". Yau, al'adu suna girma a ko'ina ba kawai a Turai ba, har ma a Amurka, India, China, Iran, Japan, da Rasha.
Skoroda: bayanin da siffofin halittu
Chives ne tsire-tsire mai suna Onion. Yana da ƙananan, awl-dimbin yawa ganye, 25-40 cm tsawo. A kwararan fitila an elongated, oblong, kwai-dimbin yawa, 2-4 cm a tsawon, da sauƙi juya zuwa wani ɓata ƙarya. Wannan shi ne albarkatun albasa mai mahimmanci, musamman saboda sunadaran sunadarai. Ya ƙunshi kashi 10-12% na kwayoyin halitta, kimanin kashi 3% na sukari, har zuwa 3.9% na gina jiki, da amino acid masu muhimmanci: arginine, histidine, lysine, methionine, tryptophan, da dai sauransu. Sugar ma'adinai, wanda ya ƙunshi boron da baƙin ƙarfe, a cikin albarkatun albasa. , calcium, potassium, manganese, molybdenum, sulfur, tutiya, da sauransu, da bitamin C (daga 40 zuwa 140 MG /%), carotene (daga 3.3 zuwa 6 MG /%).
Albasarta Schnitt, kamar sauran wakilan Albasa, sun ƙunshi phytoncides, saboda haka ana amfani da kaddarorinsa masu amfani da gaske kuma sunyi amfani da su a magani da kuma rigakafin cututtuka. A shuka yana da siffofin nazarin halittu, daga cikinsu akwai babban sanyi juriya. Saboda haka da baka yayi haƙuri a duniyar ƙasa har ma a gabashin Siberia da Arctic. Godiya ga wannan yanayin, za a iya samun ganye na chives a tsakiyar latitudes har sai marigayi kaka, har ma a watan Disamba.
A wuri guda albasa zai iya girma har zuwa shekaru 10, amma amfanin gona mafi kyau shine da shekaru biyu zuwa shekaru uku na noma. Al'adu ya fara girma a shekara ta biyu na girma girma, kuma kibiyoyi na fure-fukai suna da bakin ciki, har zuwa 30-50 cm a tsawon. Furen ƙananan ne, masu launi, m, ruwan hoda da m. Flowers na chives iya zama fari a launi, kamar a cikin sabon iri-iri "Elvi".
Shin kuna sani? White flowering chives ne sosai rare, kawai a cikin Scandinavian dutse Meadows. A cewar labari, a cikin nesa da arewacin Sweden yana da kyakkyawan Elf mai suna Elvi, - Princess na tsarki da kuma sihiri. A cikin ta girmamawa, kuma an ambaci belotsvetkovyy iri-iri chives. Furen furanni na shuka a faɗuwar rana an jefa su da kyawawan fata, kuma a karkashin wata watsi suna da azurfa sheen.
Wuri da ƙasa don dasa
Ƙasa don shuka an shirya a cikin fall. Kafin dasa shuki da chives, ƙasa zuwa zurfin 30 cm kuma sa 7-10 kg / MG kwayoyin halitta: humus, takin, da kuma ma'adinai da takin mai magani: superphosphate da urea, 1 tbsp. cokali na 1 m² na ƙasa. A cikin bazara, kafin dasa shuki, ana buƙatar yanki, kasar gona tana da kyau kuma an haɗa shi. Schnitt-albasa suna girma sosai a kan m, sako-sako da, m, da-drained, ba waterlogged, loamy kasa arziki a lemun tsami. Yanayin ya fi kyau a zabi rana, da kyau-warmed.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kada ku dasa chives a kan sandassun ƙasa mai yashi, saboda ba su rike da ruwa ba kuma su lalata shuka.
Shuka tsaba
Chives suna da ƙananan tsaba, rabi babba kamar wadanda na kwan fitila, saboda haka Girman amfanin gona daga tsaba ya haɗa da shirye-shiryen farko na ƙasa da kayan dasa. Tsaba suna buƙatar kwantar da hankali a rana ɗaya a cikin wani abu mai tasowa ko ruwa, sau da yawa canza shi. Sa'an nan kuma kana buƙatar samun tsaba da bushe. Ana shuka kayan abu bisa ga tsarin makirci: 45-50 x 25-30 cm, zuwa zurfin 0.7-1.5 cm Bayan da aka rabu da su, ya kamata a yayyafa shi da ƙasa mai laushi, ƙwalƙasawa kaɗan, sa'an nan kuma yafa masa ƙasa mai laushi.
Harbe na bayyana game da mako daya da rabi bayan shuka. Da zarar suna kallon, kasar gona tsakanin layuka dole ne a sassauta don yaduwa da asalinsu da oxygen. A cikin lokaci na farko ganye, da seedlings suna thinned, barin nesa na 10-15 cm tsakanin su. A cikin shekarar farko na kakar girma, ana shayar da albarkatun gona, kuma a karshen kakar wasa suna cike da sawdust, peat da shinkafa husk.
Zaku iya shuka tsaba a lokacin rani da kuma hunturu, amma ya fi dacewa yin shi a spring. A ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon watan Mayu, lokacin da ƙasa ta dumi sosai, zaka iya shuka albasarta.
Hanyoyin kayan lambu na chives
Ciyar da al'adu a cikin bazara. A lokaci guda, adult bushes suna rabu zuwa dasa raka'a, wanda dauke da 4-5 rassan kowane. Kafin dasa shuki, asalinsu da ganye suna taqaitaccen don haka tsawo daga ƙasa har zuwa saman yana da kimanin 15 cm kuma tsayinsa ya kai kimanin 7-8 cm Ana dasa shuki kayan abu bisa ga irin nauyin: 45-50 x 25-30 cm, zurfin rijiyoyin. Bayan dasa, an lalatar da ƙasa kuma an shayar da shi sosai.
Fasahar aikin gona na girma chives
Agrotechnics ciyawa da albasa chives ne a cikin matakan ma'auni don kula da amfanin gona: watering, weeding, loosening ƙasa da kuma ciyar. A lokacin da ake shuka chives a cikin iri a farkon shekara ta girma, ba a girbe amfanin gona, kuma lokacin da aka shuka ta hanyar rabawa, an yanke ganyayyaki a ƙarshen Mayu-farkon Yuni. Har ila yau, wajibi ne don cire ƙasa a lokaci-lokaci, cire weeds, yanke kibiyoyi kuma cire kayan mutuwar chives. Watering ya kamata a yi sau 2-3 a kowace kakar: bayan kowace yanke ganye, ta amfani da adadin ruwa. Samar da shuka gine-gine ma'adinai da takin gargajiya, musanya tsakanin su.
Cututtuka da kwari da albasa da sauri
Mafi yawan cututtukan da suke iya shafar chives ne wuyansa rot, kwayan cuta rot kuma downy mildew. Tashi yayi yaduwa cikin nama ta hanyar lalacewar injiniya; Na kwayan cuta rot manifests kanta a yellowing na ganye da nama mutuwa. Downy mildew, wanda ya sa naman gwari, yana da hatsarin gaske ga chives kuma ya bayyana a tsakiyar lokacin rani, kusa da lokacin da ake yin bazara. Ciwon kamuwa yana ci gaba a cikin kwanciyar hankali, abin da ke dauke da cutar. Kwan fitila ba ya ciyawa har sai an dasa shi a ƙasa. Don magance wadannan cututtuka, zaku iya amfani da masu fashewa, alal misali, "Benlat" 0.7%. An sanya kwararan fitila a dakatar da minti 20 kafin a saka shi cikin ajiya, sa'an nan kuma a bushe. Har ila yau, mai amfani da furotin "Tigam", wanda ake bi da shi da tsaba kafin dasa.
Daga kwari na kwari don albasa albarkatun, albasa kwari shi ne mafi haɗari, wanda ke kai hare-hare a cikin bazara. Kwaro ya yadu a yalwa a kan yashi da ƙasa mai laushi, da wuya a kan ƙasa. A matsayin ma'auni na rigakafi ga kwari na kwari, ya zama dole a raba albarkatun albarkatun albasa daga shekarun da suka wuce, kuma ya canza layuka da albasa da karas. Ganye na karas a lokacin girma girma samar da phytoncides cewa tsorata da m. Har ila yau, an yi la'akari da tasiri sosai a wuri-wuri don dasa chives a cikin ƙasa. Tun da albarkatun da aka dasa a baya sun sami lokaci don samun karfi da kuma tilasta lokacin da tashi ya bayyana, larvae ba zai iya shiga cikin tsire-tsire ba.
Ana bada shawara don ciyawa layuka na chives tare da peat, wanda ma yana taimakawa wajen kawar da kwari kwari. Yin amfani da shirye-shirye tare da ƙanshi mai mahimmanci, kamar naphthalene (tare da 1: 1 yashi), mai tsabta mai ƙura ko kuma haɗuwa da rabin lemun tsami, ash (1.5-2.0 kg da 10 mota), yana taimakawa. Tabbatar cire lokaci da cire ƙananan tsire-tsire.
Dasa za a iya yaduwa da fusion taba: 400 g na taba shredded ya nace a cikin lita 10 na ruwa na awa 24. Sa'an nan iri, ƙara 40 grated sabulu da Mix.
Green cleaning
Onion shnitt mai tsabta akan ganye a watan Mayu. A kan gonaki, a lokacin da ake cin ganyayyaki, an girbe albasarta tare da kwararan fitila: an cire tsire-tsire daga ƙasa, an kwashe su kuma an aika su sayarwa. Ƙimar yawan chives zai iya kai 50 ton a kowace hectare.
A cikin gidajen lambun lambuna da rani, an girbe ganye ba tare da kaddar da kwararan fitila ba, amma kawai ta hanyar yankan sabbin ganye yayin da suke girma sau 2-3 a lokacin girma, kafin flowering. Bayan yanke shi wajibi ne don kara hawan da ruwa da al'adun. A cikin bara na girma da albasarta cire a cikin fall, nan da nan cire kwararan fitila. Ana amfani da albasarta kore a bayan yankan ko aka adana a -1 ° C cikin firiji, wanda aka saka a cikin jaka. An adana launin fari don ba fiye da kwanaki 10-12 ba.
Aikace-aikace da masu amfani masu amfani na chives
Kusan kowane dafa ya san abin da chives yake da kuma yadda dukiya yake da darajar abincin sinadaran. Ganye albasa ana amfani da su don yin salads, soups, a matsayin ado ga kifi, nama da kuma kashe, da kuma na ado daban-daban yi jita-jita. Ku ɗanɗani, abubuwan da ke da kyau da kuma gina jiki na wannan albasa suna da fifiko ga dukkan sauran mambobin wannan iyali. Gwanan chives yana da m, ba ya dandana mai zafi, yana da dandano mai ban sha'awa. Mutane da yawa masu dafa suna yin ganye: ana da salted, dried har ma kvasyat.
Tabbatacce ne kuma amfanin da chives albasa ya kawo ga jikin mutum. Alal misali, a lokacin da atherosclerosis, cututtuka na tsarin jijiyoyin jini, hanta da kodan, da kuma matsaloli tare da gallbladder.
Chives ana daukar su haske ne na aphrodisiac, wanda ke nufin cewa za a iya amfani dashi tare da kwayoyi masu karfi don kawar da rashin jima'i. Chive yana taimakawa tare da rushewa daga gastrointestinal tract, yana ƙarfafa ci. Yana da ƙananan calories, wanda ke ba ka damar hada al'ada a cikin abincin waɗanda ke son rasa nauyi.
Na gode da ciwon babban adadin bitamin C a cikin abun da ke ciki, chives zai iya mayar da jiki bayan yanayi mai sanyi da cututtuka na numfashi, da kuma ƙarfafa tsarin rigakafi.
