Belarus ba shine mafi kyawun wurin don shuka irin wannan innabi na zafi ba. Amma ci gaba da aikin shayarwa don haɓaka sabbin nau'ikan da suke da tsayayya wa yanayin yanayi waɗanda ke da muni ya sa narkar da wannan amfanin gona a kan ƙasar Belarus ya zama ainihin mai arha kuma mai araha har ma ga masu lambu waɗanda ba su da kwarewa sosai.
Tarihin girma inabi a Belarus
Na farko da aka ambata ambaton innabi a cikin Belarus ya koma ƙarni na 11. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an kiyaye dokar hana kuran inabin don hunturu, wanda bishop ya bawa Uba mafi girma na Turov Monastery, yana kiyayewa. A cikin karni na XVIII, 'ya'yan inabi sun zama sanannen sanannen lambu da al'adun shakatawa. Amintaccen abu ne game da aikinta a cikin yankin Radziwill "Alba", wanda ke kusa da garin Nesvizh, da sauran wuraren zama na mutane masu daraja.
Belarusian viticulture ta sami babban ci gaba a cikin 1840, lokacin da aka kafa makarantar noma a kan gado na Gory-Gorki a lardin Mogilev. Shugaban kula da fruitan itacen da aka kirkira a kan tushensa ya tattaro tarin tsire-tsire masu tarin yawa, wanda ya haɗa nau'ikan innabi 6.
Babban mahimmin matsayi a cikin rarraba inabi a cikin Belarus an buga shi ta hanyar ɗan lambu Joseph Kondratievich Moroz. A wani gidan haya da ke kusa da ƙauyen Fatyn, ya yi wannan al'adar tun 1900. IK Moroz ya ba da fifiko ga farkon nau'in Malenger.
Ana iya samun maza na farko a cikin gonakin inabin na Belarus kuma a yau
Bayan juyin juya halin, Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Belarus ta ɗauki karatun kimiyyar sinadarai a ƙasar. Sun kuma dasa inabi a gonakin gonakin gama. Sai kawai a cikin gundumar Khoyninsky, wannan al'ada ta mamaye kusan kadada 6. Abin baƙin ciki, yawancin gonakin inabin sun mutu ne a lokacin Yaƙin Jihadi na Patriotic.
Bayan yakin, an buɗe babban yanki mai ƙarfi, suna tsunduma cikin gwajin nau'in innabi a Belarus. Shahararrun shayarwa irin su I.M. Kissel da I.P. Sykora. A cikin waɗannan shekarun, viticulture na Belarusiya ya kai kololuwa. Ya kasance mai tsunduma a cikin manyan gonaki da kuma mai son lambu. -Ididdigar -ungiyoyin Fa ofan ruita ,an ruita ,an tsire-tsire, wanda aka yi a cikin 1953, ya ɗauki 90ing innabi na 195 195
Amma da aka gudanar a cikin 1954-1964 ta Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayar halitta ta Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Belarus ya nuna cewa yawancin nau'ikan da aka dasa a gonakin inabin jumhuriyar ba su dace da namo a cikin waɗannan yanayin damuna ba har ma a mafi yawan yankuna na kudanci sun bushe ba fiye da sau 6-8 a cikin shekaru goma. Rashin yiwuwar tattalin arziƙi ya haifar da watsi da gonaki a hankali daga gonar inabi. Sakamakon haka, har zuwa 1965, ƙananan gonakin inabi sun kasance a cikin yan yankuna kaɗan na yankin Brest.
Iskar ta biyu ta fitsarin Belarusian wanda aka bude a cikin 80s na karni na karshe. Noma sabbin nau'ikan innabi da suka jure wa yanayin tsauraran yanayi yasa aka sami damar yin girma a duk yankuna na yankin. Babban sha'awar wannan al'ada ya kasance a zamaninmu. A yau ana iya samunsa a wurare da yawa na lambun ƙasar.
Bidiyon: Nune-nune nune nune na 'yan Republican a garin Pink
Yadda za a zabi nau'in innabi don girma a Belarus
Yanayin yanayi a Belarus ba su dace da irin nau'in innabi ba. A nan sukan sha wahala daga sanyi a cikin hunturu da kuma zafi a lokacin dumama. Bugu da kari, da yawa daga cikinsu basu da lokacin da zasu iya girki dan gajeren lokacin bazara ta ka'idojin kudu tare da 'yan kwanakin zafi. Inabi da ciyawa, tare da babban matakin ruwan ƙasa da babban abun da ke cikin peat, waɗanda ke mamaye yawancin yankin ƙasar, ba sa amfana.
Akwai wasu fa'idodi a cikin ilimin kimiyyar noma na arewa. A Belarus, phylloxera (innhid aphid), wanda ya zama ainihin azabtarwar gonakin inabi ta kudu, phomopsis (baƙar fata) da cututtukan hoto, kusan kusan ba ya nan. Na dogon lokaci, masu shayar da giya na Belarusiya ba su taɓa fuskantar cututtukan fungal ba. Amma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, saboda aiki shigo da kudancin seedlings cikin kasar da canjin yanayi a duniya, lokuta da kamuwa da cuta na inabõbi da mildew, oidium da anthracnose sun zama mafi gama gari. Amma duk da haka, yaduwar wadannan cututtukan yana da ƙasa da na kudu.
Don yin nasarar girma inabi, gogaggen lambu shawara shawara zaban iri da sadu da wadannan sharudda:
- lokacin sanyi;
- farkon da super ripening;
- da ikon yabanya a jimlar yawan zafin jiki mai aiki a ƙasa 2 600 ° don yankuna na kudanci kuma ƙasa da 2,400 ° na arewa;
- dawo da vines cikin sauri bayan raunin da ya faru saboda yanayin zafi;
- kasancewar rigakafin kamuwa da cututtukan fungal.
Bidiyo: Gidan giya Belarusiya yayi magana game da rikicewar zaɓi na iri
Iri iri-iri na zabin Belarusiya
Nazarin kimiyya game da innabi da kuma zaɓi a kan yankin Belarus ana gudanar da shi ne ta Cibiyar RUE don Ci gaban 'Ya'ya. Godiya ga aikin kwararrunsa, an haife nau'ikan innabi da yawa waɗanda suka girma sosai a cikin yanayin canjin yanayin Belarus kuma an haɗa su a cikin Rijistar Jiha na nasarorin wannan ƙasa. Wadannan sun hada da:
- Minsk ruwan hoda. Vigorous duniya inabi tare da wuri sosai ripening zamani. Smallaramin, game da kimanin 2.2 g, berries na wannan nau'in ana fentin ruwan hoda mai duhu a launi kuma suna da ɗumbin muguwar daidaituwar mucous tare da dandano na labrus. Fata na bakin ciki ne, mara nauyi. A cikin yankin Vitebsk, ya yi girma a farkon Satumba. Minsk ruwan hoda yana haƙuri da digo cikin zazzabi zuwa -29 ° C kuma yana da tsayayya ga yawancin cututtukan fungal.
Babban iri-iri. Babu buƙatar rufe, yanke zuwa mita mai tsayi, runtse, kuma wancan kenan! Tana daskarewa gaba daya a watan Agusta da Satumba, mai dadi, sau daya kawai ya sha giya, kuma kullun muke ci.
Alexander13//idvor.by/index.php/forum/535-vinograd/19236-vinograd-ne-vyzrevaet
- Sarari (Neptune). Universal iri-iri, halin high girma iko da kyau ripening daga cikin itacen inabi. Blackananan ƙananan baƙar fata tare da fleshy, m, tart ɓangaren litattafan almara ana tattara su cikin sako-sako da waɗanda aka auna kimanin gram 120. Yawancin lokaci suna girma a ƙarshen-Agusta-farkon rabin Satumba. Game da 2, 1 kg 'ya'yan itãcen an tattara daga wani daji. Hardness na hunturu - har zuwa -26 ° C. Sararin samaniya ba wuya yake fama da fari ko ɗanɗano mai narkewa ba, amma zai iya shafawa daga oidium.
- Dan sama jannati Tebur innabi iri-iri ripening kwana 101 bayan farkon farkon kakar). The berries ne duhu purple, karami tare da sauki zaki da dandano. Naman jikinsu ya ƙunshi kusan kashi 18.4% na sukari tare da ruwan acid na 4.8 g / L. ofanɗar da ɗanɗano na berries shine maki 7.9 daga 10. Gwanin jannati galibi yana fama da cututtukan fungal, kuma juriyarsa mai sanyi bata wuce -24 ° C. Yawancin nau'in ya kusan 2 4 kilogiram na kowace shuka.
- Kyawawan Arewa (Olga). Babban-samar da gwaggwabar riba (kimanin kilogram 4.1 a kowane tsiro) iri-zanen innabi. A berries manyan ne, masu nauyi har 5 g, ana fentin su a cikin launi mai launin shuɗi. A ɓangaren litattafan almara shi ne fleshy-m, mai dadi, tare da tart ko dan kadan ciyawa dandano. Kyawawan arewa sau da yawa yana fama da cututtukan fungal. Matsakaicin sanyi na juriya da nau'ikan yana kusa -26 ° C.
A gare ni, iri-iri suna da daɗi, amma ... kuma matsala ce sosai - oidium. Ba na amfani da kariyar sunadarai kwata-kwata shine karancin amfanin gona.
Katerina55//vinograd.belarusforum.net/t27-topic
Bambancin Cosmos, Cosmonaut, Beauty na Arewa an kirkiresu ne tare da hadin gwiwar kwararru daga Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyi ta Dukkan Rasha da Zabin Tsirrai na 'Ya'yan itace mai suna I.V. Mikurina.
Hoto na hoto: graa graan innabi da Cibiyar Growa Fan Fa Fa ta .auki
- Kimanin kilogram 3.3 na berries za'a iya tattarawa daga ɗayan daji na Minsk ruwan hoda
- Matsakaicin nauyin Cosmas berries yana kimanin 1.2 g
- Cosmonaut innabi iri-iri ne halin da sako-sako da gungu masu nauyin 220.
- A rana, da berries na Krasa Arewa iri-iri da sauri saya ruwan hoda tan
Varietiesarancin marasa sutura
'Ya'yan innabi, al'adu ne. A cikin Belarus, yana buƙatar tsari don hunturu. Kawai wasu nau'in tare da tsananin hunturu da suka wuce -28 ° C na iya jure yanayin sanyi ba tare da shi ba. Misali:
- Minsk ruwan hoda;
- Lepsna;
- Alfa
- Somerset Sidlis;
- A tatsuniyar Sharov;
- Marshal Foch.
Lepsna
Dukkanin innabi iri-iri na zaɓin Lithuania. Yana iya jure yanayin zafi a ƙasa - 28-30 ° C. additionari, wannan nau'in yana da tsayayya sosai ga mildew da launin toka da matsakaici - zuwa oidium.
Lepsny bushes ne vigorous, da ripening tare da dukan tsawon. The berries duhu launin ja, mai nauyin 3-4 g, samar da ƙananan gungu na madaidaiciya matsakaici. A ɓangaren litattafan almara shi ne fleshy-m, m jituwa tare da wani haske ƙanshi na labrusca. Ya ƙunshi kusan 19% na sukari tare da ruwan acidity na kimanin 5 g / l.
Lepsna berries suna jurewa da sufuri da kuma ajiya
A Belarus, Lepsna ya balaga kwanaki 100-110 bayan ganyen ya girma. Ana cin ganyayensa sabo ne kuma ana amfani da shi don yin ruwan 'ya'yan itace, ruwan giya da kuma abubuwan sarrafawa.
Somerset Sidlis
'Ya'yan itacen inabin da ba a shuka iri a ofasar Amurka. Tana da yanayi na musamman na hunturu. Dangane da kafofin daban-daban, ya tashi daga -30 zuwa -34 ° C.
Vine Somerset Sidlis yana da ƙarfin matsakaici. Area arean itace haske ne mai ruwan hoda mai launi mai ɗanɗano mai ɗaci mai danshi mai daɗi, wanda ke da dandano irin na strawberry mai laushi. Suna girma cikin kwanaki 110-115 bayan fara kakar girma. Tsarin rudiments iri a cikin berries basu da wuya.
Somerset Sidlis ne mai tsananin sanyi-iri iri ne iri-iri
Somerset sidlis ba shi da rigakafi ga yawancin cututtukan fungal, amma sau da yawa yana fama da hare-hare na ɗan itacen da ke jawo berries ta mai daɗi da kamshi. Yawan aiki shine matsakaici.
A cikin halin da nake ciki, ɗayan fewan tsira daga yanayin ba tare da asarar da za a iya gani ba, wanda aka ɗora shi tare da harbe mai amfani, yana da farin ciki.Bayan bara, lokacin cin abinci, alamu ba su faru ba. Kyakkyawan canji shine kocin Alfa da ke girma a wurarenmu.
serge47//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=1749&page=12
Marshal Foch
Technical innabi iri-iri mallakar ga rukuni na Franco-American hybrids. Yana iya tsayayya da sanyi sauƙin zuwa -29 ° C, kuma bisa ga wasu rahotanni har zuwa -32 ° C. An hada da Marshal Fosh a cikin Rajistar Jiha na ofan Jamhuriyar Belarus.
Vines na wannan iri-iri ana nuna shi da ƙarfin haɓaka. The berries ne zagaye, karami, duhu shuɗi. Suna samar da ruwan hoda mai inganci da ruwan tebur, masu launi iri iri.
An nada sunan Marshal Foch iri-iri bayan sunan shugaban rundunar sojojin Faransa a lokacin yakin duniya na farko Ferdinand Foch
Marshal Foch yana da tsayayya ga mildew da oidium. Yawan aiki shine matsakaici. Don haɓaka shi, ƙwararrun masu noman gona suna yin birgima cikin saukar da daji tare da idanunsu, sai kuma ɓarayin harbe-harben da ke gaba.
Na yi giya.Muna kusan lita 5. A jiya mun yi gwajin dandanawa tare da dangi na .. duhu ne, lokacin farin ciki, cike da ni! A gare ni, masu farawa da ƙaunatattu na da ban tsoro.nan da sauri na rufe sauran lita 4 da sauri kuma na sanya a cikin cellar .. Kodayake zan kasance har lokacin bazara. A wannan shekara mafi kyawun ruwan inabi MF! Wannan kimantawa ce ta farko.
Dima Minsk//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?f=61&t=753&start=10
Da wuri
Varietiesanyan innabi na farko sun shahara musamman tare da lambu a Belarus. Don balagarsu, kwanaki 95 -125 sun isa tare da adadin yawan zafin jiki masu aiki wanda basa wuce 2,600 ° C. Wannan yana ba ku damar tattara girbin innabi mai yawa ko da a cikin yanayin gajeren bazara na Belarusian. Yanayin fari na farko a Belarus suna da ire-iren wannan amfanin gona:
- Aleshenkin;
- Agate Don;
- Arewa da wuri;
- Letungiyar ta'addancin kwando;
- Korinka Rasha;
- Tukay;
- Crystal;
- Tason.
Agate Don
Tebur innabi iri-iri na ci gaba daga kwararru na VNIIViV im.Ya.I. Potapenko (Novocherkassk garin). Berriesoshinta ya yi fari kwanaki 115-120 bayan ganyen ya huɗa a yawan zafin jiki na 2,450 ° C.
Don Agate - mai ƙarfi iri-iri tare da duhu shudi berries yin awo har zuwa 5 grams. Thewanƙwasa yana da fa'ida, tare da ɗanɗano mai sauƙi ba tare da ƙanshin ƙanshi ba, fatar tana da yawa, ana iya ci sauƙin. A iri-iri ne sosai high-samar da gwaggwabar riba kuma yiwuwa ga cika da berries, don haka yana bukatar da za a al'ada. Yayin wannan, an bar gungu 1-2 a harbi ɗaya. Rashin bin wannan dokar na iya haifar da ƙaruwa a cikin farfadowa da lalata a cikin ɗanɗano na berries.
Don agate ya cancanci a tsakanin mashaya giya na Belarus
Don agate yana da tsayayya sosai ga mildew, launin toka da ƙarancin zafi (har zuwa -26 ° C). Saboda rashin daidaituwarsa da dandano mai kyau, wannan nau'in ya zama ruwan dare a Belarus. Gardenerswararrun lambu sau da yawa suna ba da shawarar shi don haɓaka ga sabon shiga waɗanda suka daɗe ba su da wadataccen abinci.
Kuma a bara Agat Donskoy kawai yarda da ni, da sauran iri ne ko dai frosts ko ruwa sama sosai a lokacin fure, kuma wannan zai zama henna. Itacen inabi yana da kyau don kusan dukkanin girma na mita 2.5-3. Tasteanɗanawar berries sun fi kama da tsaka tsaki, amma ba ta da matsala, za ku iya ci da yawa, kuma idan kun yi kompot daga gare ta, ta zama mai daɗi, amma ban fahimci dalilin da ya sa wasps kamar Kiev kusa da shi ba, yana rufewa da sukari, amma yana ɓarna Ba su ci shi, amma a cikin tsufa kamar zuma. A wannan shekara, an shuka ƙarin seedlingsan seedlings guda biyu, zai zama kamar bututun ƙarfe.
sergeykas//vinograd.belarusforum.net/t6p30-topic
Korinka Rashanci
Korinka Rashanci shine ɗayan farkon innabi. Ko da a cikin yankunan arewacin Belarus, yana shirye don girbi riga a cikin shekaru goma na biyu ko na uku na Agusta.
Berriesarshen itacen Rasha na Korinka ƙananan ƙananan, kore ne mai launin zinare, da ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda. Theunbin danshi yana da laushi-mai laushi, ba tare da tsaba ba, ɗanɗano mai daɗi ba tare da ƙanshin da aka faɗi ba. Ya ƙunshi sukari 20-22% tare da ruwan acid wanda bai wuce 5 g / l ba. Berries na Korinka Rashanci cikakke ne don cin abinci sabo kuma don yin miyar zabibi irin su sabis.
Itacen inabi na wannan iri-iri yana da ƙarfin haɓaka mai zurfi kuma yana cikakke daidai tare da tsawon sa, har ma a Belarus. Bugu da kari, Korinka Rashanci yana jure dusar ƙanƙan da kyau zuwa -26 ° C kuma ba a taɓa shafar mildew. Ko ta yaya, tana iya saurin kamuwa da cutar oidium.
Bidiyo: Korinka Rasha a cikin gonar inabin Belarusiya
Tukai
Wani matsananci-farkon innabi iri-iri. Berriesoshinta ya kai cikakke har zuwa 90-95 kwanaki bayan farkon lokacin girma. A cikin Belarus, wannan lokacin yawanci yakan fadi ne a tsakiyar watan Agusta.
Tukai daji ne mai matsakaici tare da manyan berries na launi mai launin shuɗi, wanda aka tattara a cikin gungu na cylinder-conical wanda ke nauyin kilogram 300 zuwa 800. A ɓangaren litattafan almara shi ne m, mai dadi, tare da karfi da aka kira muscat ƙanshi. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, daga shuka ɗaya zaka iya tattarawa har zuwa kilogiram 20 na 'ya'yan itatuwa waɗanda ke jurewa da sufuri da ajiya.
A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, nauyin Tukay berries na iya kaiwa 4 g
Tukai ba mai wuya bane. Kudinsa zai iya mutuwa a yanayin zafi ƙasa -25 ° C, kuma bisa ga wasu rahotanni, har ma da ƙasa -21 ° C. Daga cikin sauran raunin wannan nau'in, bayanin kulawar giya na Belarusiya:
- rashin rigakafi ga mildew da oidium;
- matsalolin pollin akai-akai a cikin yanayin yanayi mara kyau;
- hali na peeling berries.
Duk da matsalolin da ke tattare da fitar da pollin, Tukai ya farfado kuma kusan an cinye shi Ku ɗanɗani - ƙoshin mai ƙarfi, ƙasusuwa marasa ganuwa sun ci .. Hagu aan biredi don auna ... Ina mamakin nawa zasu ja ???
siluet//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=2539&page=5
Daga baya
'Ya'yan innabi tare da lokacin huda da ya wuce kwanaki 135-140 ba su dace da girma a Belarus ba. Yawancinsu ba su da lokacin yin 'yafa a cikin gajeren bazara na Belarusian. Guda biyu ne da suka rage kusancinsu a hade suke a cikin jihar ta Rawannin kiwo na wannan kasar:
- Alfa Berriesawatarta mai ruwan hoda mai duhu tare da ɓangaren huhun mucous, wanda ke da ɗanɗano isabial ɗanɗano, ya girma bayan kwanaki 140-145 daga farkon lokacin girma tare da jimlar yanayin zafi sama da 2 800 °. Duk da lokacin bazara da aka girka, Alpha ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a Belarus. Wannan ya kasance mai yiwuwa ne godiya ga kwazonsa mai ban mamaki da juriya ta sanyi.Tana jure yanayin sanyi ba tare da tsari ba kuma baya buƙatar wasu ayyukan noma na musamman a lokacin bazara. Wannan nau'in ma yana da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Daga hectare ɗaya na dasa Alfa, zaku iya tattara ganyayyaki 150-180 na berries, waɗanda galibi ana amfani da su don yin giya da compotes.
Alfa iri-iri galibi ana amfani dashi don shimfidar wurare da filaye.
- Taiga emerald. Tebur iri iri tare da haske mai daɗin ɗanɗano tare da m berries tare da dandano mai ƙarfi na strawberry. An kwatanta shi da juriya na sanyi (har zuwa -30 ° C) da kasancewar rigakafi zuwa mildew. Yawan kayan aikin Taiga Emerald shine 60-80 kg / ha. Duk da ƙirar teburinsa, a cikin Belarus ana amfani da wannan nau'in kayan abinci sau da yawa don masana'antar giya.
Inabi iri-iri Taiga Emerald ne ya ɓullo da I.V. Mikurina ta Nikolai Tikhonov
Na riƙe kamar wata na Alpha bushes a kan compote. Ina so in gwada dan kadan a kasheshi da sauran iri lokacin shirya giya. Ina son wannan dandano na Isabella, ɗanɗanar lokacin ƙuruciya, don haka zan iya magana. Akwai mutane kima a cikinsu wanda ba ya yin girma. Gaskiya tana girma - ana fada da babbar murya - babu tsari, babu ciyarwa, ba magani ... Yana tsira, amma babu abin da ake buƙatar aiwatarwa…. Ba kwa buƙatar cin abinci.
Wolodia//vinograd.belarusforum.net/t28-topic
A yau, 'ya'yan inabi ba amfanin gona bane na Belarus. Mafi yawan adadin lambu mai son girma shi a cikin shirye-shiryensu na sirri. Kasancewa ɗayansu mai sauƙi ne. Ya isa don zaɓar nau'in innabi wanda ya dace kuma ya ba da ɗan ƙaramin hankali. A sake, lalle zai gode farkon grower da yawan girbi na zaki da m berries.
