Dabbobin kiwo yana aiki ne mai kyau, duka a gonaki mai zaman kansa da kuma sikelin masana'antu. Duk da haka, kowane dabba yana buƙatar kulawa, kuma manyan masu girma har yanzu basu bada tabbacin jimiri da karfi. Mai shi na shanu yana buƙatar ilmi da yawa game da abubuwan da ke cikin ƙungiyoyinsu. Wannan labarin ya ƙunshi shawarwari don sababbin masu aikin gona.
Mafi kyau ga masu kiwon dabbobi a cikin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu
Ayyukan farko na mai noma maras amfani shine zabi wani irin dabba, dangane da jagoran zaɓin.
A madara
Mafi yawan nau'in kiwo iri iri kamar haka:
- Golshtinsky - irin na Arewacin Amirka, mai shahararrun gonaki na Turai, har ma a cikin gonaki masu zaman kansu na tsohon Soviet Union. Kyakkyawan ingancin madara - mai yalwa da 3.7%, furotin yana daukar 3.2%, adadin madara daga mutum daya a kowace shekara shine 6500-7000 kg.
- Jersey - daya daga cikin tsofaffi, bred a Birtaniya, sau da yawa ya dace da kowane yanayi. Duk da yawan amfanin gona na madara har zuwa kilo 3300 a kowace shekara, madara tana darajarta don ciwon mai da kuma dandano mai dadi, yana sa kirim mai kyau. Yanayin alkama - abu mai ciki 5.8%, furotin 4%, sugar 4.7%.
- Daidai - irin wajibi ne, misali don kananan gonaki. An daidaita shi don yanayin yanayi, bazai buƙatar mai yawa abinci. Darajar man fetur - fat abun ciki 3.8%, furotin 3.3%, sugar 4.8%, yawan amfanin ƙasa mai yawan amfanin ƙasa yawan amfanin ƙasa mai yawan amfanin ƙasa 3500 a kowace shekara.
- Yaroslavskaya - irin wa] anda ke da ala} a da gidajen gidaje, yawanci har zuwa kg dubu 5 na madara a kowace shekara, mai yawan yawan kashi 4%, furotin 3.5%. Milk ne mai dadi, yana da 4.7% sukari.
Ga nama
Wadannan iri suna la'akari da mafi mahimmanci a cikin jagoran nama:
- Hereford - shahararren dandano mai laushi na nama. Nauyin maraƙin a lokacin haihuwar shi ne 26-34 kg, yawan abincin yau da kullun shine 700-1200 g, shekarun kisan yana da watanni 18. Nauyin nauyi: zaki-calves - 850-1000 kg, heifers - 550-650 kg; nama yawan amfanin ƙasa 62%.
- Blue Cow Blue - An yi la'akari da mafi yawan amfanin jiki, ana iya kiran nama ga abincin da ake ci saboda ƙananan kitsen mai. A lokacin haihuwar, nauyin yana kimanin 50 kg, nauyin kullin yau da kullum ya kai 1500 g. A watanni 15 da haihuwa, matsakaicin nauyin nauyin kilo 1100 ne, nauyin nauyin maraƙin shine kilo 800; fitarwa mai nama a kisan 80%.
- Kian irin - asali daga Italiya, an dauke shi daya daga cikin mafi girma. Nauyin maraƙin a lokacin haihuwar shi ne kilogiram 48, nauyin kaya yana da har zuwa 1400 g. A watanni 15, nauyin bijimin shine kilo 1300-1600, saniya zai zarce 900 kg; samar da nama 65%.
- Auliekol - Bred a Kazakhstan, nama na marmara baya dauke da mai yawa. Yarar jarirai sunyi kilo 25, nauyin yau da kullum har zuwa 1700 g A lokacin shekarun 16-18, nauyin bijimin shine nau'in kilo 1050, nauyin karsan shine kilo 550; nama yawan amfanin ƙasa 63%.
Maintenance da kula
Nama yawan dabba yana dogara ne da kula da mai shi yana kula. Goma na fara ne da tsari na mazaunin gidaje na gaba - a cikin shi shanu za su kashe babban bangare na rayuwarsu, saboda haka dole ne a yi tunani a hankali game da kowane daki-daki.
Muna ba da shawara cewa kayi la'akari da hanyoyi na kula da shanu, da kuma gano kwarewa da rashin amfani da gidaje masu lalata don shanu.
Siffofin mafi kyau da kuma tsari na sito
A cikin wani karamin gona, ana amfani da gidaje mafi yawancin gidaje, wato, ana sa masu cin abinci da masu sha a cikin dakin, har ma da kwalliya inda shanu za su huta. An gina ɗakin a kan:
- yankin da ake buƙata don mutum ɗaya - mita 6. m;
- ga mace tare da maraƙi - mita 10. m
Ƙasa ta rufe da zurfin launi na bambaro ko bambaro tare da peat, bene kanta dole ne ya sami rami don ƙudarar fitsari. Zai zama mai kyau don yin manyan windows don haske na al'ada da kuma damar da za a kwantar da dakin idan ya cancanta.Ana yin nau'in shan giya ɗaya don kada dabbobi su taru a kusa da ruwa, su tsayar da junansu. Bugu da ƙari, zai hana ƙwayar cuta idan daya daga cikin mutane ba shi da lafiya.
Mun ba da shawara cewa ku karanta game da yadda za ku sa masu sha da shanu tare da hannayensu.
Ana iya sanya masu ciyar da kansu - mafi sau da yawa ana yin itace, saboda yana da kyau. An ƙone ƙoshin da aka gama a waje tare da wuta, wanda ya ba shi ƙarfin. Musamman hankali an biya bashi.
Dole ne a yi la'akari da halaye na dabba - sau da yawa a cikin kunkuntar Kwayoyin, shanu suna riƙe da ƙaho kuma zai iya ji rauni. Masu ciyarwa suna yin nau'i biyu: don roughage da kore (hay). Shigar da su a tsawo na kimanin 70 cm daga bene. 
Yanayin tsarewa
Domin saniya ba zai rasa yawan aiki ba, yana bukatar wani tsarin zafin jiki - 10-20 ° C. Dole a dakin dakin don hunturu; an cire zane. A lokacin gina, an shigar da tsarin iska tare da dampers da kariya daga hawan.
Don amfanin gona na shanu, yanayin gidaje mai kyau ya zama dole. Koyi yadda za a gina ginin, kazalika da yadda za a yi corral da samun iska a cikin sito tare da hannunka.
Dole a dakatar dakin. Don samar da hasken yanayi, windows an yi a kudu ko kudu maso gabas. A lokacin hunturu, hasken rana ya tsawo tare da taimakon walƙiya na wucin gadi.
Wajibi ne a yi tunani akan wani alkalami mai launi a kusa da sito: dabbobi suna bukatar yin tafiya na akalla sa'o'i biyu a rana, ba su tafiya dabbobin su kawai a cikin sanyi mai tsanani. 
Kasuwanci masu mahimmanci
Bayan gine-gine ya kamata kula da ɗakin ajiyar abinci. Ba za ku iya kiyaye hay, hatsi ko asalinsu ba a cikin sito kanta: suna ciyar da ƙanshin dabbobin da ba su da kayan ƙwayar dabbobi, sun tattara ruwan sha kuma sun fara lalacewa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kula da tsabta na mutum na mai shi da ma'aikacin gona - tabbatar da lafiyar dabbobi. A kan takalma ko tufafi za ka iya kawo adadin kwayoyin cuta, wadanda sakamakonsa ba su da mahimmanci ga matasa marar lakabi.
Har ila yau, ya kamata ku kula da kaya, wanda zai iya zama da amfani a aiki tare da wards. Za ku buƙaci:
- Sikeli (don kula da kimar kimar dabbobi na yara);
- buckets;
- shebur;
- Sugar alkama;
- rake;
- kaya;
- marufi don samfurori da abinci;
- gogewa ga ƙananan gidaje;
- overalls da takalma.
Ana wankewa da kulawa
Don haka bawan ya zama gurbatacce, za'a canza sauƙi cikin sau da yawa, muddin an gurbata shi. Kowace rana, ana shayar da shanu da wanke tare da ruwan dumi a yankin da ke kusa da nono. Don hana mastitis a cikin kajin, shimfiɗar yana kewaye da zurfi, mai zurfi Layer.
Karanta game da yadda za a zabi mai kyau maras kyau, da kuma gano yadda kuma sau nawa don madara wata sãniya don samar da madara mai girma.
Dole ne a tsaftace tsaftace masu ciyarwa daga abinci mai laushi don kada su ci gaba da kwayoyin cututtuka. Yana da mahimmanci a dubawa da tsabtace iska ta iska don yin la'akari da cewa ƙurar da take tattaro a cikinsu ba ta shiga cikin iska.
An wanke tsaran ɓoye da raguna sau biyu a rana, ɗakin bai kamata a cike da ƙanshi ba. Sau ɗaya a cikin sito suna yin tsaftacewa ta duniya ta hanyar kula da ɗakin tare da soda mai yalwaci ko suma. 
Ciyar da shanu a gida
Dalili akan abincin naman alade shine kayan lambu, amma don tabbatar da cikakken ci gaba, kana buƙatar sanin bambancin yanayi.
Summer tafiya a cikin makiyaya
Amincewa na lokacin zafi yana faruwa a kan makiyaya. Domin kwanaki na ruwa suna samar da tsari inda zaku iya jira daga mummunar yanayi. A wannan lokaci, tushen abinci mai gina jiki - ƙwayoyin kore, amma kuma ba zai iya yin ba tare da sanye ba. Burenkam ba kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa, hatsi daga cin abinci ko ware gaba ɗaya, ko rage zuwa mafi ƙarancin.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kafin cin abinci a kan sabon makiyaya, tabbatar cewa babu ciyawa mai guba ga dabba: henbane, St. John's wort, buttercups, da dope.
Winter ciyar
Saurin hunturu ya ƙunshi samfurori masu zuwa:
- hay;
- kayan lambu da kayan lambu, kayan lambu;
- silo;
- hatsi da kuma abinci;
- ma'adinai da bitamin.
A matsayin roughage ta amfani da oatmeal ko sha'ir, shi ne mafi kyau. Yana da shawara don girbi hay daga ciyawa a lokacin lokacin da aka fara samuwa, kuma daga hatsi a lokacin sauraron. Idan aka ciyar da kayan lambu na kayan lambu ko kayan lambu, ana duba su don rot, tsabtace. Idan samfurin ya daskararre, dole ne a fara lalata shi, in ba haka ba zai iya haifar da lalacewa da nakasa.Karanta game da yadda ake yin abinci don shanu da madara.
A matsayin tushen kayan gina jiki a rage cin abinci
- bran;
- cake;
- Fodder hatsi a cikin crushed look.
Addittun ruwa da gishiri a cikin briquettes
Ya kamata shanu su sami damar samun ruwa mai kyau. A matsakaita, yawan kuɗin yau da kullum ya kai kimanin lita 100, ƙwarƙin mai ƙuƙwalwa yana sha har ma fiye. A cikin hunturu, ruwan ya kasance a dakin da zafin jiki.
Dole ne a ba da shanu gishiri:
- a cikin hunturu, 2-3 teaspoons da 5 kilogiram na abinci suna kara wa abinci;
- a lokacin rani sukan tafi wuraren hutun wuta a briquettes.
Ana buƙatar gishiri don inganta tsarin narkewa, kuma shine magunguna na farko ga cututtuka na gastrointestinal, da mahimmanci a cikin samuwar nama na nama na dabbobi.Shin kuna sani? Ƙarƙashin hanci da ƙyallen saniya yana da mahimmanci kamar yatsin hannun mutum. Ana amfani da wannan ta hanyar manoma na Amurka lokacin da ake neman sace dabbobi.
Alurar riga kafi
Gurasar da ke cikin ƙananan gida za ta samar musu da rigakafi daga cututtuka da yawa, za su fara farawa daga kwanaki goma. Don haka, lissafin shirya vaccinations:
- 10 days - paratyphoid, maimaita a shekaru 20;
- Kwanaki 30 - hadaddun daga cututtukan cututtuka masu kama da cututtuka "Kombovak", maimaita bayan kwanaki 15;
- 50 days - pasteurellosis, maimaita bayan kwanaki 20;
- Kwana 77 - hana, revaccination bayan kwanaki 13;
- 100 days - anthrax (sau ɗaya);
- Kwanaki 110 - leptospirosis, revaccination bayan kwanaki 15;
- 135 days - emphysematous carbuncle, emkar (sau ɗaya);
- a kwana ɗari kafin calving - colibacteriosis, maimaita bayan kwanaki 10;
- 80 days kafin calving - paratyphoid, maimaita bayan kwanaki 10;
- 50 days kafin calving - maganin alurar rigakafi "Kombovak", revaccination bayan kwanaki 30.
Ko da karamin gona yana bukatar kulawa mai yawa daga mai shi. Kurakurai daga gefen kulawa ko ciyarwa zai haifar da karuwar yawan aiki - sabili da haka, lokacin fara aiki, kana buƙatar ka ƙayyade lokacinka da damarka. Duk da haka, tare da yin aiki mai kyau, gonar da sauri ya biya kuɗin da aka zuba a cikinta.
