Lambun Gerbera shine ɗayan mafi mashahuri tsire-tsire tsakanin masu shuka fure. A waje yayi kama da kyamarar, duk da haka, ba kamar sarauniyar filayen ba, gerbera na buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. A cikin godiya, ta gamsu da furanni masu karimci da launuka masu haske. Siffar gonar gerbera, dasa shuki da kulawa, fasalin haifuwa da matsalolin girma da wannan tsiron ya cancanci yin cikakken bayani dalla-dalla.
Lambun Gerbera - wane irin fure yake, wanda danginsa nasa ne
Gerbera dangin Astrov ne. An san tsire a cikin tsarin tushen ƙarfi, tsayin daka na iya kaiwa santimita 20-30. M ganye kore aka tattara a cikin wani m rosette, a sama wanda furen ciyawa tashi.
Florists suna kwatanta gerberas da echinacea ko daisies. Bambanci ya ta'allaka ne ga gamut mai launi
Matsakaicin matsakaita na inflorescence shine cm 12. Yana iya yin fure tsawon kwanaki 30. A lokaci guda, gerbera kanta tayi fure har tsawon watanni uku. A wannan lokacin, har zuwa dozin furanni biyu ana kafa su a kan karamin daji. Suna da yawa, ba su da aure, tare da daskararren kwanduna. Furanni na iya zama na yau da kullun, na biyu ko rabin.
Bayanin Brief, Asalin Tarihi
Haihuwar gerbera Afirka ta Kudu ce. Ya girma a cikin daji. Masana kimiyya sunyi magana game da juzu'i biyu na asalin sunan fure. A cewar ɗayansu, gerbera ya sami sunan ta don girmamawa ga Traugott Gerber, likita ne kuma masanin ilimin halitta daga Jamus, wanda ya daɗe yana aiki a Rasha kuma yana gudanar da lambun magunguna a Moscow. Fasali na biyu ya ce daga harshen Latin ana iya fassara kalmar "suturar makamai" a matsayin "ciyawa", kuma tunda wannan shuka mallakar rukunin ciyawa ne, ana iya sanya irin wannan sunan ga shi.
Informationarin bayani! A karo na farko, mai shayarwa daga Scotland ya jawo hankali ga fure mai haske: Shine wanda ya fara tsunduma cikin aikin tsiro na gerberas. Wannan ya faru ne a ɗayan lardunan Faransa - Transvaale, sabili da haka gerbera yana da wani suna - Transvaal chamomile.
Iri iri daban-daban, sanannun tsayi iri, yadda suke
Duk da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan iri da iri (a yau an shayar da nau'ikan sama da 1000), masu shayarwa suna ci gaba da aiki kan kiwo sababbi. 'Yan lambu sun fi son hybrids da iri, wanda halayen manyan kyawawan halaye ne. Yana da daraja la'akari da yawancin shahararrun nau'in gerberas waɗanda suka dace da namo waje.
Gerber Jameson
Wannan iri-iri ake kira babban. Ta kan tushenta ne duk nau'ikan da aka sani wa masu girbin furanni a yau. Jameson's gerbera flower is is on a sturdy lokacin farin ciki na matsakaici tsawo, ganye ne babba, pubescent, feathery a siffar. Inflorescences, diamita wanda ya wuce santimita 10, yana da layuka ɗaya ko ƙari, adadin su yawanci ya kai 30. Babban paloti mai launi ya bambanta, yayin da tsakiyar fure ke bambanta da babban sautin. Lokacin fure daya fure shine kwana 21.
Gerbera Wright
Gerbera Wright mafi yawa ana girma don ƙirƙirar bouquets kuma a matsayin muhimmin ɓangaren ƙirar shimfidar wuri mai faɗi. Dankin yana sananniyar fure - yana farawa daga bazara kuma yana ci gaba har zuwa farkon yanayin sanyi. Rosette ya ƙunshi manyan ganyayyaki na cirrus, a ƙarshen dogo mai tsayi an kafa fure wanda yayi kama da chamomile. Tsakiyar yana da launin rawaya ko fari, fure zai iya zama launuka daban-daban:
- reds;
- m
- rawaya;
- lemu mai zaki
- ruwan hoda.
Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da gerbera na Wright don ƙirƙirar bouquets mai haske da asali.
Gerbera Abisiniya
Plantungiyar wannan nau'in ta fi kama da sauran ƙwayoyin magani na chamomile. An samo shi cikin daji a Habasha. Reed type furanni, mafi yawanci fari. Saurin matasa yana da karancin nutsuwa. Bas ɗin Rosal ɗin ya ƙunshi ganye na elliptical.
Informationarin bayani! Sau da yawa, lambu suna da tambaya - shine gerbera a perennial ko shuka shekara. A matsayin shuka na gida, ana girma fure kamar perennial, kuma idan aka girma a cikin ƙasa buɗe a cikin yankuna tare da yanayin sanyi, ana girka shi azaman fure shekara-shekara.
Gerbera Alcor
Dankin yana da kyau don namo waje. Wannan karamin fure ne tare da kunkuntar ganye, furanni wanda aka nuna shi da launin ceri mai yawa. Matsakaicin tsayi na shuka ya kai 60 cm.
Aldebaran da sauransu
Rage-celled iri-iri tare da kananan furanni na mai dadi m tint. Matsakaicin matsakaita na inflorescences da wuya ya wuce cm 9. Tsawon daji ya bambanta daga 50 zuwa 60 cm. Sauran nau'ikan kuma sun shahara tsakanin lambu - gerberas suna girma cikin dachas da lambuna:
- terry da Semi-terry - alal misali, Spark;
- manyan-fure tare da matsakaitan sikelin na fure - Mars;
- kunkuntar-lobed tare da manyan furanni - Jupiter da Migar;
- mafi girman inflorescences na ƙarami ko matsakaici masu girma dabam - Vera da Saturn.
Dasa gonar gerbera a bude take
Ko da sanyaya lokaci-lokaci na iya lalata gonar gerbera. Sabili da haka, mafi kyawun lokacin shuka fure a kan dindindin a cikin ƙasa yana farawa bayan barazanar sanyi ta wuce.
Kula! Growararrun masu noman abinci suna bada shawarar dasa gerberas a lokaci guda kamar tumatir, eggplant, cucumbers.
Zaɓin wuri
Ofaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ake buƙata don cikakken haɓakar shuka shine ainihin zaɓin wuri. Gaskiyar ita ce itaciyar ba za ta yi fure ba idan an dasa ta a shafin da babu isasshen hasken. Bugu da kari, wurin yakamata a rufe shi daga iska da daftarin aiki.
Mahimmanci! A cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, gerberas na iya girma ko dai a kudancin Rasha ko a tsakiyar layi. Mazaunan wasu yankuna dole ne su shirya wuri don shuka a cikin greenhouse.
Yadda ake shirya kasar gona da shuka domin shuka
Babban bambanci tsakanin gerberas da wasu albarkatu na lambu shine cewa ba zai yi girma a kan ƙasa mai ruwa ba, babban chamomile da yumɓu ƙasa ba su ɗanɗano su ba. Yana da mahimmanci cewa wurin dasa shuki fure yana da wadataccen magnesium, potassium da manganese. Gardenerswararrun lambu sun yi gargaɗi: lokacin shirya ƙasa don gerbera, bai kamata ku yi kowane nau'in taki a ciki ba. Madadin haka, an ƙara ƙaramin takin.
Dole ne a samar da tsire-tsire tare da ingantaccen hasken wuta, in ba haka ba farfajiyar za ta shimfiɗa furanni kuma furanni za su kasance kaɗan
Kafin dasa shuki gerbera a cikin ƙasa, shirya seedlings. Da farko, ya kamata a bincika. Bai kamata da farin mayafi ba, aibi mai launin ruwan kasa ko ruwan wuta. Bai kamata a dagula shi ba. A al'ada launi na ganye ne m kore. Don 'ya'yan seedlings su daidaita da sabon yanayi, dole ne a fitar da shi gaba ɗaya.
Yadda ake kulawa da perennials
Da yake magana game da yadda ake shuka gerberas, mutum ba zai iya cewa al'adun na ƙaunar sabo ne, ana neman haske mai ƙarfi, matsakaicin matsakaici, aikace-aikacen lokacin takin.
Watering dokokin da zafi
Amfanin gona ya fi son karami amma yawan ruwa. A lokacin girma, gonar gerbera yana buƙatar ƙarin ruwa, amma yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa tushen basu da turɓayar danshi.
Ya kamata a kiyaye sharudda da yawa:
- ruwa ba dole ya kai tashar ba;
- yakamata a nisantar da ruwa akan ganye;
- amfani da ruwa mai ɗumi - 26-28 ℃ sama da sifili.
Mahimmanci! Gardenerswararrun lambu sun ba da shawarar irin wannan tsarin ban ruwa: kwana huɗu na ƙasa mai laushi ya kamata a maye gurbin ta da kwana biyu na busassun.
Ga kowane gerbera a cikin lambun, namowa da kulawa ya kamata su kasance kusa da yanayi na yanayin ƙasashe masu ɗumi. Masu fulawa masu fulawa: ba a son shi don fesa gerberas, amma matakin laima yakamata ya zama babba - kimanin kashi 65-75%, amma kada ya wuce kashi 85%.
Mafi kyawun zaɓi don ƙasa don al'ada shine dan kadan acid
Kafin dasa shuki gerbera, wuri don ita ya kamata a bi da phytosporin - don rigakafin cututtukan fungal.
Manyan miya da ingancin ƙasa
Kwanaki 30 bayan dasawa da fure zuwa wuri na dindindin, ana iya amfani da takin farko zuwa ƙasa. Masu furanni suna ba da shawarar cewa sau ɗaya kowace kwanaki 14 daga Maris har faɗuwar, yi takin zamani.
Haramcin kwayoyin ne. Furanni zasuyi mummunar amsawa ga mahadi wadanda ke kunshe da sinadarin chlorine, saniya ko taki. Saboda irin takin mai magani, tushen abin wuya na wuyan wuyansa na iya haɓaka, inji zai mutu.
Yin daskarewa da dasawa
Bayan da shuka ta fadada, ya zama dole don aiwatar da hanyar da aka shuka. Ganye mai bushe, farfajiyoyin furanni waɗanda furanni sun riga sun yi fure ya kamata a cire su. Yanke wuce haddi ganye ba zai zama superfluous - wannan ya zama dole don ta da sabon furanni.
Juyin Gerbera ya fi kyau a lokacin bazara. Ya kamata ƙasa ta zama haske, drained. Ya kamata a dasa Tushen, a bar kawai cm 10-15. Kafin dasawa, ya kamata a kula da tushen wuyan shuka da ruwan hoda mai sauƙi na ƙwayar potassiumganganate.
Kulawar hunturu Gerbera
Masu shayarwa sunyi nasarar haɓaka nau'ikan waɗanda ke yin haƙuri da digo a cikin zazzabi zuwa -10 ℃, duk da haka, suma suna buƙatar tsari don hunturu.
Da yake magana game da ko tsirar shuru ko na shekara-shekara, ya kamata a faɗi cewa duk ya dogara da yanayin yanayin yankin. A cikin waɗannan yankuna inda winters suke da ƙarfi, ana bada shawara ga dasa shuki a cikin kwantena - kuma canja shi zuwa ɗakin. A gida, da tsire-tsire tabbas za su tsira daga hunturu. A cikin yankuna na kudanci, ya isa datsa ciyawar fure, dakatar da shisshigi, da rage ruwa. Don rufe bushes kafin hunturu ya kamata bambaro, ganye mai fadi.
Ana ba da shawarar furanni don sanya tukwane na gerbera a cikin ɗakuna da ƙarancin zafi da yawan zafin jiki
Siffofin furanni masu fure
Na dabam, yana da daraja ambata yadda kuma lokacin da gonar gerbera fure.
Lokacin aiki da hutawa
An yi amfani da tsire-tsire ta tsawon tsawon tsawon watanni uku. Gerberas ba shi da lokacin bacci, amma a cikin watanni masu sanyi dukkan matakai suna tafiyar hawainiya.
Iri da siffar furanni
Furen Gerbera na iya zama talakawa, ninki biyu, rabin biyu. Girman inflorescences yana da girma, siffar tana kama da daisies ko daisies.
Hanyoyin yada fure
Farfasa wata shuka a hanyoyi da yawa. Manyan sune suke rarraba daji da iri.
Yaduwa ta hanyar rarraba daji
A farkon bazara, kuna buƙatar tono daji kuma ku rarraba shi cikin harbe da yawa. Kowane ya kamata yana da ganye. Ya kamata a dasa harbe a ƙasa saboda yadda kanti ya shimfiɗa sama da santimita.
Tsarin iri
Da yake magana game da yadda ake samun furannin gerbera mai haske, yadda ake shuka su daga tsaba, ba za mu iya cewa wannan tsari mai kuzari ne ba. Tuni a cikin Janairu-Fabrairu, ana shuka tsire-tsire. Tsaba suna cikin ruwa, ba zai hana bushewa ba. Bayan kwanaki 4-5, lokacin da tsaba suka fara ƙyanƙyashe, ana motsa su zuwa danshi, ƙasa mara nauyi. Yayyafa ƙasa daga sama tare da yashi kuma rufe da fim. Suna shayar da ƙasa lokaci zuwa lokaci - ya fi kyau a yi wannan da bindiga da aka fesa. A cikin mako guda, farkon harbe zai bayyana.
Matsaloli masu tasowa, cututtuka da kwari
Mafi sau da yawa, gerberas suna ƙarƙashin cututtukan fungal. A yayin da naman gwari ya shafi tushen tsarin shuka, ya kamata a sake dasa fure zuwa sabon wuri, kasancewar a baya an yi maganin ƙasa da tushen tsirrai tare da magungunan antifungal. Kwayoyi za su taimaka wajen kawar da launin toka.
Informationarin bayani! A cikin yaƙar ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwayoyin fungides na mildew zai taimaka. Idan tushen wuyansa ya fara jujjuyawa, ya kamata a rage yawan shayarwa, fara loosening da mulching kasar gona.
Daga cikin abubuwan sanadin cutar, masana sun bambanta:
- matsanancin ruwa - saboda shi, fusarium da ƙarshen blight na haɓaka;
- rashin danshi - yana haifar da bayyanar maniyyi gizo-gizo;
- aphid harin - da shuka fara Fade.
Don hana ganyen gerbera daga faduwa, ya kamata a rufe su da ranakun rana
Gerbera na iya dakatar da hutawa lokacin da ba ta da isasshen hasken rana, ƙasa ta ƙunshi mai yawa nitrogen. Idan ganyayyaki suka fara juya launin rawaya da bushe, shuka bai da isasshen danshi.
Gerberas na iya zama ainihin girman kai na lambu da kuma babban kayan adon gonar - don wannan ya isa kawai sanin yadda ake shuka shuka a wuri mai ɗorewa, yadda za a kula da shi. Dukkanin ƙoƙari da kuɗaɗen kuɗaɗe na hakika hakika zasu zama gaskiya - gerbera za ta yi farin ciki da furanni mai ɗorewa da kuma tayar da launuka na ainihi.
