Tsarin currant: yadda kuma yaushe ne yafi dacewa ayi

Wataƙila, ba wani tsari na gona ba cikakke ba tare da currants ba. Wannan bishiyar mai ƙanshi da lafiya yana da farin jini sosai. Ana yin ado da kyawawan furanni tare da gungu na launuka daban-daban: fari, ja, ruwan hoda, baki. Kuma da shayi mai ƙanshi tare da ganye mai ganye! Don girma bushes mai amfani, kuna buƙatar dasa su daidai.

Zabin seedlings

Shuka abu mafi kyau sayi a cikin gandun daji, inda tsire-tsire suna yin tsayayyen iko. Lokacin sayen seedlings, kuna buƙatar bincika asalin. Mafi girma daga cikinsu a cikin adadin biyu ko uku ya kamata ya kasance launin shuɗi-launin shuɗi a launi da tsawon 15-20 cm Inari a kan su, ya kamata a sami tushen bakin ciki mai haske, farare a sashi.

Wani datti mai launin shuɗi alama ce ta cuta na tushen tushen.

Wajibi ne a bincika dunbin dalar, har ma da cirewa daga tukunyar. Idan tushen ya kasance da ƙarfi da ƙarfi, wannan alama ce mai kyau.

Ya kamata a inganta tsarin tushen seedling mai lafiya, fibrous, ba tare da mold ba

Kada ku ɗauki tsire-tsire tare da harbe marar laushi - za su iya daskarewa a cikin hunturu. Kyakkyawan harbi ya kasance launin ruwan kasa, tare da ganye da ganye ba tare da aibobi da alamun wilting ba.

Lokacin sayen seedlings a kasuwa, kuna buƙatar kula da siffar da girman buds: kasancewar zagaye da kumbura yana nuna rashin nasara na shuka da kashin koda. Ana bukatar yankan rago marassa lafiya a ƙone su.

Currant dasa lokaci

Lokacin da aka dasa shi a cikin kaka, currant ya daidaita da kyau kuma ya fara girma nan da nan a cikin bazara. A cikin kewayen birni, Satumba ana ɗauka mafi kyawun watan don shuka; a yankuna na kudu, Oktoba. Dankin ya ɗauki tushe sosai cikin makonni biyu. Don adana danshi da kare tushen daga daskarewa, ciyawa ƙasa a kusa da seedling tare da kayan halitta:

• ganye;
• takin;
• rotted taki.

A cikin bazara, yana da wuya a zaɓi ɗan lokacin da ya dace, tun lokacin da buds suka fara farawa da wuri a kan currant kuma suna buƙatar dasa shi kafin wannan lokacin. A cikin kewayen birni, mafi kyawun lokacin shine farkon Mayu. Tare da dasa shuki daga baya, tsire-tsire bazai ɗauki tushe sosai kuma baya a ci gaba.

Zai fi kyau a kewaya ba ta hanyar kalanda, amma ta yanayin ƙodan. Ya kamata su kumbura, amma ba a bude lokacin saukowa ba.

A cikin yankuna masu dusar ƙanƙara mai dusar ƙanƙara, ana shuka mafi kyau currants a bazara.

Zaɓin wurin da fasalin ƙasa

Kamar yawancin tsire-tsire, currants suna son wuraren da ke da tsabta. A cikin wurin da aka rufe, ciyawar za ta yi girma, amma mai tushe zai shimfiɗa kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa zai ragu. A cikin inuwa, bishiyar yafi shafa da cututtukan fungal.

Baya ga kyakkyawar haske, currants suna buƙatar babban danshi ƙasa. Amasa mai amfani da loamy tare da malalewa mai kyau suna dacewa da shi.

Currants ci gaba da kyau a cikin yankunan rana tare da isasshen danshi.

Tsarin saukowa

Nisa tsakanin seedlingsan seedlings a jere ya kamata a kalla 1 m, kuma tsakanin layuka bar har zuwa 2 m. Wannan ingantaccen tsarin saukar da ƙasa. Daga Berry zuwa bishiyoyi 'ya'yan itace - aƙalla 2.5 m.

Lokacin zabar yawaitar wurin sanyawa, wajibi ne a yi la’akari da irin kambi na zaɓaɓɓen iri da sauran abubuwan. Idan ya kamata a yi amfani da bushes ba fiye da shekaru biyu ba, zaku iya tsaftace tsarin dasawa, rage nisan dake tsakanin tsirrai zuwa 70 cm.

Preparationasa shiri da dasa shuki

20-30 kafin dasawa, shirya ƙasa. An tsabtace wurin da ciyawa kuma an haƙa shi zuwa zurfin 22-25 cm tare da ƙari da takin mai magani. A 1 m² bayar da gudummawa:

• 3-4 kilogiram na humus ko takin;
• 100-150 g na superphosphate na biyu;
• 20-30 g na potassium sulfate;
• 0.3-0.5 kilogiram na lemun tsami da m² (idan kasar gona ta kasance acidic).

Tsarin saukar da ƙasa ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa:

1. Tono rami ko tare tare da zurfin 35-40 cm kuma faɗin 50-60 cm, yana ninka daban da ƙasa ƙasa mai dausayi.
   

   A kan aiwatar da tono wata dasa rami, kana bukatar ka ajiye babba ƙasa ƙasa Layer

2. Yi sinadaran gina jiki:
   • guga na humus;
   • 2 tbsp. tablespoons na superphosphate;
   • 2 tbsp. tablespoons na potassium gishiri ko kofuna waɗanda 2 na itace ash;
   • ƙasa mai daɗi.
3. Cika rami 2/3, samar da ƙasa tare da ƙwanƙwasa.
4. Sanya seedling a cikin rami tare da zurfin tushen wuyan 5-7 cm da gangara a wani kusurwa na 45 digiri. Kidneysan kodan ya kamata ya kasance ƙarƙashin ƙasa bayan cikawar.
   

   Oblique saukowa stimulates bayyanar ƙarin Tushen da harbe daga kodan da binne ɓangare na kara da tushe wuya

5. Rufe seedling tare da ƙasa, a hankali yada Tushen a kan earthen mound da zuba ruwa.
6. Don haɗa ƙasa a kusa da seedling kuma yana da kyau a zuba guga na ruwa.
7. Ciya ciyawar a kusa da seedling.
8. Nan da nan bayan dasa, ya zama dole don yanke harbe-harben iska, barin ba su da ƙari biyu akan kowane ɗayan don seedling zai iya ɗaukar tushe sosai kuma ya ba da sababbin rassa. A sakamakon haka, ƙaƙƙarfan daji mai daji tare da matasa da yawa harbe ya taso.

Bidiyo: yadda ake zaba da shuka currants

Hanyoyin yaduwar Currant

Tare da rage yawan amfanin ƙasa na dasa bishiyoyi, ya kamata a sabunta su. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don haifuwa:

• yanke;
• sakawa;
• raba daji.

Yankan

Hanyar sanannen hanyar yaduwar currants shine yankan itace saboda yiwuwar samun babban kayan kayan shuka.

Lokacin dasa shuki, dole ne:

1. Yanke harbe shekara shekara tare da diamita na akalla alkalami na yau da kullun (kusan 5-6 mm).
2. Yanke daga tsakiyar ɓangaren yanke tare da tsawon 15-20 cm a nesa na 1 cm daga ƙodan manya da ƙananan. An yanka sare a kai tsaye, da ƙananan diagonally. Yankin shank yakamata ya sami akalla kodan 4-5.
3. Tona gado mai dasa zuwa zurfin 20 cm.
4. Don yin layin har ma, saka turaku kuma a sa wata igiya a kansu.
5. Sanya itacen a cikin ƙasa mai kwance tare da gangara na 45 digiri bayan 15 cm, barin 2 buds a saman, kuma zurfafa sauran.
   

   Yanke 15-20 cm tsayi ana shuka su a kusurwar 45 digiri a nesa na 15 cm daga juna

6. Sanya agrofilm tare da jeri don riƙe zafi da danshi, don hana haɓakar ciyawa.
7. Shuka jere na gaba a nisan 40 cm.
8. Lokacin da ƙasa tayi zafi sosai, cire fim.

Bidiyo: dasa shuki na currants tare da yanke

Lokacin girbi dabino a cikin fall kuna buƙatar:

1. Tsoma su cikin ruwa tare da ƙarshen ƙarshen kuma sanya a mako guda a zazzabi na digiri 20. Canza ruwa sau biyu. Irin wannan za a iya dasa irin waɗannan yankuna nan da nan a cikin ƙasa buɗe, za su ɗauki tushe sosai.
2. Shuka su kamar yadda a cikin bazara, a cikin wani mahimmin matsayi ƙarami, tare da toho ɗaya a farfajiya.
3. Ruwa kasar gona da kyau kuma ciyawa tare da wani yanki mai har ya kai cm 5. A matsayin ciyawa, yi amfani da:
   • peat;
   • humus;
   • bambaro;
   • Kuna iya sa fim mai duhu ko m maimakon ciyawa.

Yankan da aka dasa a faɗuwar zai samar da asalinsu a farkon bazara kuma za su fara girma kafin buɗewar buds. Seedlings samu a cikin shekara ya kamata a koma wurin dindindin.

Kuna iya dasa ganyen a bazara a cikin kwandon shara tare da filaye da magudanan ruwa (gilashin ko kwalaben da aka yi da filastik), saka windowsill na gidan da ruwa har sai an yi bazara. Dole a cire furanni da ovaries.

Bidiyo: dasa shuki na kaka da ƙwaya

Maimaitawa

Hanyar da ta fi dacewa ita ce yaduwa ta hanyar kwance kwance.

1. Sun lanƙwasa reshe na shekaru biyu a ƙasa, sun kwance kuma suka shayar, suka fil da waya.
2. Bayan fitowar harbe a wannan wuri, suna barci da ƙasa sau 2:
   1. Tare da tsayi tsawo 10-12 cm.
   2. Makonni 2-3 bayan wannan.
3. Lokacin da yadudduka sun kafe sosai, sai a haƙa su aka dasa su.

Lokacin da aka yada yadudduka ta hanyar fara kwance a kwance, an dage farawa a cikin tsagi, an haɗa shi zuwa ƙasa kuma an rufe shi da ƙasa

Don yadudduka na tsaye, ana amfani da ƙananan bushes.

1. Yawancin rassan an yanke su kusan zuwa ƙasa, wannan yana ƙarfafa ci gaban harbe daga ƙananan buds.
2. A tsawo na sabon mai tushe na 20 cm ko fiye suna spudded zuwa rabi tare da m ƙasa, bayan na farko loosening kasar gona a kusa da daji.
3. A cikin kaka, ana yanke harbe tare da tushen daban.

Lokacin da currants ke yada ta a tsaye layering, an yanke rassan don samun sabon harbe

Rarraba daji

Sake bugun currants ta hanyar rarraba daji ana aiwatar dashi a cikin faduwa bayan faduwar ganye (a watan Oktoba - Nuwamba) ko kuma a farkon bazara kafin a bude buds (a watan Maris).

1. Tona shuka a hankali. Don adana tushen yadda ya yiwu, kuna buƙatar tono a nesa na 40 cm daga tsakiyar daji.
2. Kyauta tushen daga ƙasa.
3. Secateurs ko saws raba daji zuwa da yawa daidai sassa, zai fi dacewa ba fiye da uku.
4. Kafin dasa shuki, cire tsohon, ya karye, ba shi da lafiya da kuma ci gaba mara kyau harbe. Don mafi kyawun rayuwar tsirrai, sanya su kwana ɗaya a cikin ruwa tare da ƙari na abubuwan ƙarfafawa.
5. Shuka su kamar yadda ake shuka shuki.

Za'a iya amfani da rarrabuwa na bushes lokacin motsi da tsire-tsire zuwa sabon wuri.

Wannan hanyar haihuwa ba ita ce mafi kyau ba, duk da tsananin sa da saurin ta. A cikin tsohuwar shuka, cututtuka da kwari da ke tarawa waɗanda zasu iya haɓaka kan daji mai dasawa.

Bidiyo: haifuwa da currants ta hanyar rarraba daji

Canza zuwa sabon wuri

Bushes na manya wanda bai girmi shekaru 10 ba za'a iya tura shi zuwa wani wuri, mafi dacewa ko kuma zuwa wani shafin. Juyawa daga cikin tsufa daji ne da za'ayi a cikin kaka, bayan ƙarshen fruiting. A wannan lokacin, ba a buƙatar shayar da shi, kamar yadda a cikin bazara, zai ɗauki tushe mafi kyau.

Wajibi ne a jira har sai lokacin ruwan ya shuɗe don kada daji ya fara girma nan da nan kuma ba ya daskarewa a cikin hunturu, wato makonni biyu kafin sanyi. A tsakiyar layin yana Satumba - Oktoba, a cikin yankunan kudanci - Oktoba - farkon Nuwamba.

An shirya rami a gaba: sun sanya magudanar ruwa, humus, takin ma'adinai. Girmanta ya dogara da tsarin tushen tsiron da aka dasa, yawanci rami 70x70x70 cm ya isa.

1. Shirya shuka don dasawa: tsabta daga bushe da tsoffin rassan, yanke matasa mai tushe a cikin rabin.
2. Tona daji a kan dukkan bangarorin a nesa na 40 cm daga cibiyar don kada su lalata tushen, to, cire tare da dunƙule na duniya.
3. Binciki Tushen, cire lalatattun, da kwaro na kwaro, idan akwai.
4. Sanya daji "cikin laka." Don yin wannan, zuba ruwa a cikin ramin da aka shirya har sai an samar da ruwan ƙasa mai cakuda shi kuma sanya shuka a ciki.
5. Top tare da bushe ƙasa da ruwa kuma a yalwace.

Currants suna da tabbataccen aiki, suna da kyau a cikin kowace ƙasa, ba ma hadu.

Bidiyo: dasawar currant (kashi na 1)

Bidiyo: dasawar currant (kashi na 2)

Kulawar bayan haihuwa ya ƙunshi waɗannan ayyuka:

1. Currants suna buƙatar yawan shayarwa don makonni 1-2, amma ba fiye da uku ba, wanda ya sa tushen ba ya juya kuma cututtukan fungal ba su bayyana ba.
2. Lokacin sauya sabbin tsire-tsire, yana da mahimmanci don yanke launi da farko, don shuka ya zama tushe kuma yana haɓaka da kyau, kuma baya ɓatar da ƙarfi a kan 'ya'yan itace.
3. Idan akwai barazanar sanyi, to daji yana buƙatar rufe shi.

Kamar yadda kake gani, ba wuya a yi bunƙasa currants ba. Don farawa, zaku iya ɗaukar tsiro tare da tushe daga maƙwabta ku dasa daji ɗaya. A cikin shekaru biyu, zai riga ya girma da kyau kuma ya samar da amfanin gona. Babban abu shine farawa!