Vriesia Splenriet, ko Brilliant - sanannen houseplant da wani sabon abu bayyanar da musamman flowering. Wannan labarin ya bayyana abubuwan da ke tattare da namo da kuma haifar da furen, matsalolin da masu girma na furen ke fuskanta, da kuma hanyoyi don kawar da su.
Bayanan Botanical
Mai ado na wakilci na gidan bromeliad daga kudancin Amirka - vrieseia (vriesea) - na ainihin jinsin herbaceous epiphytes. Babba da kuma kunkuntar, da kyau mai lankwasa da kuma nuna a iyakar, leathery tare da surface m, da bel-kamar ganye na Vriesia Splenriet isa a tsawon 50-70 cm. 
A cikin ci gaban, wannan ƙirar ta zama tafarki tare da rami mai ciki, wanda ba ruwa ba kawai ya tara, amma har ma kwayoyin halitta da ke ciyar da injin. Wannan tafki ne kawai "kwayar" ta hanyar da furen ke cin ruwa, sauran sauran abubuwan gina jiki sun shiga cikin launi a lokacin photosynthesis karkashin aikin makamashin rana.
Wani lokaci wasu ɓangaren ɓangaren kore na shuka zasu iya samun launin ruwan kasa ko ƙananan cerra, wanda ake kira furen Tiger Vriesia. Pune-spiky peduncle yana da mummunan launin launi kuma ya kai 40-50 cm a tsawo, kuma ana nuna furanni ta hanyar launin rawaya da kuma karamin muryar waxy.
Shin kuna sani? Epiphytes tsire-tsire ne wanda ba a buƙatar haɗi zuwa ƙasa. A karkashin yanayin yanayi, suna ciyar da ruwan sama da kuma sharan albarkatu daga rassan da tsire-tsire na bishiyoyi, drifts, da dutse masu dadi, wanda mafi yawansu suna haɗe.
Tsire-tsire iri
A cikin daji, yawancin jinsunan wannan tsire-tsire suna tsiro, a fili kusan guda ɗaya, bambancin launi da ganye da furanni, har ma da tsawo. Tsakanin suna iya zama duhu mai duhu guda daya, suna da siffar marmara, haske ko, a cikin wasu, duhu stains, da kuma bambancin launuka daban-daban a cikin tabarau na ja, orange, launin rawaya da kore.
Tare da ganyayyaki
Daban vriezii tare da tsantsa mai suna green foliage (fifiko ga manyan matakan zafi):
- Girma-dimbin yawa (haske mai launi mai launi, a kan tayar da hankali, akwai sauyawa daga ja zuwa launin rawaya-orange, ganyayyaki sune kore duhu).
- Kilevataya (kael- ko launuka mai launin ruwa, halayyar mai yawa-flowered inflorescence, wucewa daga ja-orange zuwa launin launi).
- Astrid (haske mai haske mai launi na ganye, Fuskar launin ruwan kasa).
- Mix (albarkatun kore mai launi, samfuri da launin ja da kyan gani).
Tare da taguwar ganye
Nau'in vriezii tare da rassan motel foliage (inuwa ta "smears" akan ganye zai iya kasancewa cikin launi mai launi daga kore mai haske zuwa launin toka ko launin toka):
- Hieroglyphic (samfurori na musamman "tsage" a kan ganye, wanda ya kasance kamar mai yawa na alamomi, furanni suna da launin launin ruwan rawaya, ƙuƙwalwa - wani haske mai haske).
- Holed (launin launin ruwan kasa-ja, an rufe shi da tsaka-tsalle da tsaka-tsakin duhu, launi inflorescence ya bambanta a cikin itatuwan zaitun da furanni masu launin rawaya).
- Vriesia Sanders (kashe-kore ganye tare da halayyar lilac splashes, fure na yellow sautin).
- Babban sarauta (ya kai mita a tsayi, ana iya ganin peduncle ne mai launin ruwan inuwa, launi mai launin launin fata ne mai launin launin rawaya, launuka suna duhu ne tare da launin rawaya kuma ganye suna saman, lalatan Lila-Fure-furen suna ƙasa).
Yanayin girma
Lokacin kula da furanni, wajibi ne a lura da yanayin zafi da kuma yawan zafin jiki na dakuna. Alamar karshe ta kasance a matakin da ya dace ga mutum - + 18 + + 25 ° C, yawan zafin jiki na zafin jiki - + 22 ° C. Yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da zafi na 60-70%, akai-akai sprinkling (a cikin zafi - 1-2 sau a rana), da kuma ajiye wani jirgin ruwa bude tare da ruwa kusa da vriesia.
A lokacin da zazzagewa, yi hankali: ruwa bai kamata ya fada a kan abin da yake ba. Furen yana haifar da mummunar canji a cikin zafin jiki, don haka lokacin da yake yin iska sai a kiyaye shi daga kariya.
Yana da muhimmanci! Vriesia yana dakatar da girma idan dakin ya yi sanyi ko sanyi kuma ya mutu lokacin da yawan zazzabi ya sauke ƙasa + 15 ° C.
An fito daga wurare masu zafi, vriesia na girma a cikin inuwa mai haske kuma tare da hasken haske. Yanayin da ya dace ya yi girma shine windowsills wanda ke fuskantar gabas ko yamma. Duk da haka, kamar yadda aikin ya nuna, har ma da arewacin wurin tukunya tare da variezia yana da sakamako mai kyau a kan ci gaba da ci gaba (tare da kulawa mai kyau, ba shakka).
A lokacin rani, an yarda ta yi furanni a sararin samaniya, amma tare da sanya shi a cikin wuri mai rufe daga hasken rana kai tsaye (don hana ƙonewa), musamman a lokacin lokaci daga karfe 11 zuwa 17 na yamma. A lokacin rani da bazara, kasar gona a cikin tafki da vriezii ya kamata a ci gaba da yin rigakafi, amma ba rigar ba, kuma a cikin hunturu - dan kadan ya bushe.
Yanayin shimfidar wuri
Lokacin sayen fure, duba shi: ganyayyaki na shuka dole ne lafiya da kuma na roba, kuma tushen tsarin dole ne a amince da ɓoye a tukunya a ƙarƙashin murfin ƙasa. Next, la'akari da yadda ake shuka Vriesia. 
Zaɓin zaɓi
Duk da cewa suna sayar da vriesia a cikin tukwane, zai iya ci gaba a cikin yanayin yanayi ba tare da wani matsayi ba, wanda ya sa ya fita daga cikin tsire-tsire na cikin gida. Bugu da kari, asalinsu ba su da kyau, saboda haka, lokacin zabar jirgin ruwa don dasa shuki na furanni, yana da kyau a mayar da hankali akan gaskiyar cewa a saka su a cikin tukunya a hakika "dama kusa da".
Rashin rami a kasa na tanki an dauke shi ne. Zai fi dacewa da zaɓin ɗakunan giraben fure da fadi mai zurfi har zuwa 15 cm: a cikin tukunya mai kyau, injin yana da kowane damar yin juyawa saboda tsarin tushen sa.
Shin kuna sani? Halittar Vriesia aka kirkiri shi a 1843 da masanin kimiyya na Birtaniya John Lindley, kuma ana kiran furen bayan sanannen likita da dan asalin Holland - Willem Henrik de Vries.
Hakanan zaka iya ƙoƙarin kawo yanayin hayar furen kusa da yanayin yanayin ci gaban epiphytes: a cikin haushi ko murmushi, a cikin babban dutse, ko a jigon na biyu. Kafin shigar da vriezii a cikin irin wannan wuri na ban mamaki, dole ne a sasanta tsarin tushensa tare da moss-sphagnum, ciwo tare da yarn nailan ko waya kuma an gyara shi a hankali akan abu.
A wannan yanayin, ana ci gaba da ciyar da tsire-tsire ta hanyar ɓatar da tsire-tsire kuma a ajiye shi a cikin ruwa na tsawon sa'o'i kadan. Bayan haka, dole ne ruwa ya shafe shi daga vriezii, sannan sai a iya mayar da furen zuwa wurin asali. 
Selection da magani na ƙasa
A matsayin ƙasa, an bada shawarar sayan kayan da aka shirya don haka da kuma iyalai masu kama da tsire-tsire (bromeliads da orchids) tare da adadin yashi, haushi barkan, leaf humus da spossoms.
Madaci mai karfi na kasar gona: saboda wannan dalili, 1/3 na tukunyar kifi yana bada shawarar a cika da yumbu da yaduwa. Matsayin da ake buƙata na acidity ƙasa shi ne ƙasa ko matsakaici. Bayan samun samfurin, dole ne a cire shi ta hanyar irrigating tare da potassium bayani ko kuma yin gasa a cikin tanda.
Yana da muhimmanci! Spikes ya kamata girma a kusa da iyayen iyalai kimanin watanni 2-3. Da zarar sun kasance a kusa da shi, mafi mahimmancin tsarin tushen su zai kasance, ƙananan rashin jin daɗi zai kasance kuma mafi mahimmanci zasu dauki tushe.
Fasahar fasaha
Ana gabatar da jagoran matakan jagora don dasa shuki kamar haka:
- A kasan wani akwati da aka riga aka shirya, cika malalewa (crushed shards, yalwata ƙanshi, gawayi ko karamin lambu) a hade tare da gawayar da aka kunna don kaucewa lalacewa ta ruhu, acidification da ci gaba da cututtuka da cututtuka na fungal.
- Zuba rabin rabon ƙasa a cikin tukunya.
- Yi amfani da kulawa da tushen tsarin shuka, sanya shi a cikin ƙasa kuma a yayyafa shi a hankali tare da magungunan ƙasa a kan tarnaƙi da kuma a saman shuka.
- Domin yada rarraba a cikin tukunya, dole ne a buga a kan tebur ko wasu farfajiya tare da kasa na karshen.
- Sakamakon karshe - motsi tukunya zuwa wuri na dindindin, wanda ya kamata ya zama dumi kuma ya dace.
- Bayan fitarwa, tsire-tsire suna cike da ruwa kuma sun bar a cikin wannan jiha na dan lokaci domin su dace da furanni zuwa sabon yanayi. Bugu da ƙari, karamin ruwa ya kamata a shayar da shi.
- Bayan 'yan kwanaki, ana gudanar da ayyukan da ake kula da vrieseia a cikin yanayin da aka ba shi.
Noma da kulawa a gida
Yi la'akari da bukatun da ake kulawa da wannan injin ornamental lokacin da girma cikin yanayin gida.
Fertilization da watering
Furen mai ƙarancin ruwa ba shi da isasshen ruwan sha na ƙasa: yayin da babu wani launi, dole ne a cika soket da ruwa, rabuwa tsawon sa'o'i 24 kuma an cire shi daga ƙarancin calcareous, a cikin dakin da zazzabi, tun da zafi ko sanyi na iya haifar da damuwa ga furen. A ganiya ruwa zazzabi don ban ruwa ne + 22 ° C. Kyakkyawan yin amfani da lalata ko ruwan sama.
Hanya daidai na watering vriezii Splenriet a cikin dumi kakar, da kuma canza ruwa a cikin fitar (don kauce wa m) - 3-4 sau a mako. A lokacin sanyi, ana cika da ruwa da ruwa har tsawon sa'o'i kadan, sa'an nan kuma an shafe shi da wani soso mai taushi. A lokaci guda, wetting na substrate ya zama matsakaici, tun lokacin dampness na iya haifar da juyawar tushen tsarin.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ganye yana da damuwa da furotin da chlorine a cikin ruwa, saboda haka ya kamata ku yi hankali tare da shayar da furanni tare da famfo ruwa.
Idan ruwan da yake cikin tashar ba ya kwance tsakanin raguwa, maye gurbin shi ta cire tsohuwar tsohuwar tare da adon goge, yatsa auduga ko kayan zane. Bugu da ƙari, ka tabbata cewa babu turbaya, tarkace ko ƙasa na shiga cikin rami mai laushi - rashin cin zarafin wannan doka yana haifar da ci gaba da kwayoyin cutrefactive da kuma cutar.
A lokacin flowering, a akasin wannan, ana nuna cewa akwai ruwa a cikin gurɓatacce, saboda yana iya haifar da juyawa na furen. Don yin amfani da kayan fasaha, an bada ganyayyakin furen da za a tsabtace su akai-akai daga turɓaya tare da soso mai tsami.
A cikin sanyi sanyi da hunturu, lokacin da yawan zazzabi a cikin dakin da ake kiyaye a + 20 ° C da kasa, 1-2 waterings da 7 days ne isa. Matsakanin ƙasa na ƙasa tsakanin ban ruwa ya kamata ya bushe akalla 1 cm A wannan lokaci na shekara, baza a sanya shuka a kusa da batura ba, kuma iska a cikin dakin ya kamata a tsaftace shi ta hanyar artificially. Za a iya sanya gwanin sphagnum a kusa da ɗigon furen ko yarinya mai tsabta za'a sanya shi a cikin kwanon rufi, duk da haka, ya kamata a kauce wa haɗin gumi a cikin kwanon rufi. 
Vriesia Shiny yana buƙatar ƙarin taki a cikin yanayi mai dumi na shekara sau 3 a wata kafin flowering. Masana sun ba da shawarar yin amfani da kayan aiki mai mahimmanci waɗanda aka tsara don ƙin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire bromelia. Don dalilin da cewa tushen shuka ba sa shiga cikin tsarin gina jiki, abubuwa masu laushi don miyawa suna zubawa a cikin wani fanti na fure ko spraying ganye. A lokacin hunturu, ba'a ciyar da abinci har zuwa farkon lokacin bazara.
Zane-zane na da babban tasiri a kan cigaban furen idan an yi amfani da su a cikin daidaitattun abubuwa: ragi, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana haifar da ƙaddamar da girma da mutuwar shuka. Tabbatar cewa abun da ke cikin ƙwayar da aka zaɓa shi ne mafi yawan adadin nitrogen, tun da tarinsa yana da tasiri mai tasiri akan veriesia. Calcium ba ta yi haƙuri ba.
Ƙara koyo, yadda za'a ciyar da tsire-tsire na cikin gida.
Shuka shuka
Canji na vrieesia bayan sayan iya cutar da cigaban furen, saboda haka an fara motsawa na farko na tsawon shekaru kafin flowering, a cikin Mayu-Yuni (wani lokaci na cigaba da cigaba da furen). Dokar ta shafi jinsin jinsin, an dasa dakin shuka mai girma fiye da sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 3-5 kuma kawai bayan furen furanni.
Transplanting wani tsari ne mai tsanani ga shuka saboda rashin ƙarfi da kuma saurin tsarin tsarin. Kamar yadda aikin ya nuna, bayan aiwatar da wannan hanya, vriezia zai iya hana ci gaba: saboda wannan dalili, idan ba a buƙatar buƙata ba, ba za a yi shuka ba.
Ana buƙatar kawai a wasu lokuta:
- Ƙarfafa da rashin iyawa na tukunya don tsayayya da nauyin a kan ɓangaren tsire-tsire, a sakamakon haka, rashin zaman lafiya;
- ci gaba da ci gaba da tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire, tsinkayen gagarumin ganyayyaki;
- reshe "yara" don manufar haifuwa.
Video: Gyarawa na spleenitis
Shuka yaduwa
Ana iya aiwatar da tsari a cikin hanyoyi biyu.
Hanyar shuka
Abubuwa masu ban sha'awa: yana da wuyar samun tsaba, zuriyarsu mai ban sha'awa, na farko flowering - bayan shekaru 5-10.
Algorithm:
- Samar da iri a cikin wani rauni bayani na potassium permanganate.
- Dalilin shuka shine shredded gansakuka-sphagnum ko yashi-peat cakuda.
- Shuka, tsari tare da polyethylene ko gilashi, tsarin zazzabi + 24 ° C.
- Farko na farko bayan 10-20 days.
- Ana shirya don ɗauka don faɗakarwa: ɗaukar murfin sau ɗaya a rana don mintoci kaɗan a cikin mako.
- Samfur bayan watanni 3.
Hanyar kayan lambu
A wannan yanayin, kamata ya kamata a tsammaci flowering ba a baya fiye da shekaru 4-5 ba, kuma za'a iya dasa tsire-tsire a matsayin da ake buƙata, amma ba tare da kasawa kawai watanni 12 bayan dasawar farko.
Algorithm:
- Ƙari na shuka tare da matakai.
- Wanke tushen tsarin cikin ruwa. Ana tsarkake shi daga ƙasa.
- Sashen tare da taimakon wuka "jarirai" tare da asalin da aka kafa a cikin tushen kwayar cutar a tushen asalin mahaifi bayan flowering ya cika, kawai idan sun isa fiye da rabi na tsawo na babban flower. Yayin da ƙwayar uwar ta mutu, sai matakai, akasin haka, suna ci gaba da hanzari.
- Kwayar cutan kwalba, bushewa harbe har tsawon sa'o'i 20.
- Backfilling na malalewa da ƙasa a cikin tukwane zabi ga yara.
- Sanya tushen da harbe a tsakiya na tasoshin, ƙananan matasan shuke-shuke tare da sauran ƙasa.
- Jirgin ajiya tare da fim na yara "yara", rike da zafin jiki ba ƙasa da + 27 ° C.
- Rashin iska a cikin wata guda.
- Ana cire fim din da motsi tukwane zuwa windowsills.
Yaya lokacin flowering?
A flowering zamani vriezii Splenriet ne Fabrairu-Afrilu ko May-Yuli. Gidan yana samar da furen fure, wanda aka yi furanni. Yanayin yanayin zafin jiki na flowering na Vriesia + 25 + + 27 ° C, kuma matakin iska mai zafi ba ƙasa da 60% ba. A matsayinka na mai mulki, yana da fure sau ɗaya a dukan wanzuwarsa, a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci furanni sun bushe, bushe da fada.
Hakan zai iya zama mai faranta ido ga ido tare da mai haske mai haske, orange ko rawaya sautin na dogon lokaci (wasu watanni). Kamar yadda bushewa yana ƙarƙashin pruning. A ƙarshen flowering Vriesia, an katse shi, kuma an dakatar da ruwa a cikin rami mai laushi, ana iya cire injin kanta, tun da ba zai ba da furanni ba. Sai dai wannan ya kamata a yi bayan bayyanar karfi "yara."
Shin kuna sani? Tsarin haske mai mahimmanci (ƙarshe marar laushi da bushewa) ya ba da gudummawa akan gaskiyar cewa an fara kiran furen da ake kira Sword of Flaming or Fiery, da kuma takobi mai haske.
Matsalar da za ta yiwu mai girma
Cututtuka da suka shafi vriezii sune misali ga dukan mambobin bromeliad. Rashin rage tsarin aikin rigakafi na iya haifar da rashin kulawa mara kyau, alal misali:
- daɗaɗɗen danshi yana taimakawa wajen bayyanar spots a kan ganye, su lethargy, da kuma canji a cikin wari na kasar gona;
- tare da cike da damuwa, matsanancin laima ko bushewa na yanayin, girma da ci gaba da ƙwayar furanni, deforms (rushewa, ya bushe) kuma ganye sunyi duhu;
- Za a iya lalata ƙwayoyin cuta ta rashin rashin haske;
- Rashin ruwa na ruwa a cikin maɓallin, da maɓallin substrat, damuwa da ruwa a cikin kwanon rufi da yanayin yanayin zafi marasa dacewa da tsire-tsire suna taimakawa wajen juyawa cikin launi;
- rushewa ko wasu nau'in ruwa wanda ba a yarda da ita ba don jin dadi na vriezii na iya haifar da bushewa da kuma sayen kirjin da ke gefen gefuna na foliage;
- Ƙarƙashin ƙwayar jiki na shuka yana haifar da bayyanar spots a kan ganyayyaki tare da busasshen wuri na haske inuwa;
- rashin samun iska daga cikin dakin zai iya haifar da naman gwari da kuma baƙar fata na ganye.
Hanyoyi masu yawa na rashin amfanin gona shine:
- low yanayi zazzabi;
- tasiri mummunan tasirin;
- rashin haske da danshi.
Alamar farko na cutar ko wani hari a kan flower na kwari shi ne bayyanar bayyanar.
Shin kuna sani? Vriesia ba shi da tushen gargajiya, maimakon haka, yana riƙe da harbe da ke aiki kawai don samar da shuka ta hanyar haɗawa da wani abu.
Kwayoyin kwari:
- Shchitovka bromeliyevy da baki. Alamomi: wani kyan gani "garkuwa" na kakin zuma akan ganye. Jiyya: Cire da kwari wanda ke ciyar da tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire da kuma samar da launi a ganye, da kuma cire su daga cikin kwalliya tare da zane mai laushi, da aka yi amfani da shi da sabulu ko maganin barasa (15 g / ml na sabulu mai sabulu / ruwa / lita 1). ruwa ko 1-2 lita na barasa ga irin adadin ruwa). Idan hanyar da ke sama ba ta kawo amfãni ba, ko adadin kwari masu yawa ne, to dole ne a gudanar da maganin likita tare da kwayoyi (Karbofos, Fitoverm, Fufa-Nova ko Actellic) diluted 15-20 saukad da su a lita na ruwa . Za'a iya gudanar da tsarin a kowace kwanaki 3-4.
- Mealybug Alamun: launi mai yatsa mai yatsa, tsantsa mai yalwa, naman gwari. Jiyya: Wajibi ne a wanke sassa na shuka tare da sabulu ko maganin barasa. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da lahani mai mahimmanci, miyagun ƙwayoyi "Karbofos" ko "Aktar" bisa ga mahimmancin da masu sana'a suka ƙayyade.
- Tushen almara. Daya daga cikin kwari mai hatsari na bromeliads, wanda, sabili da faduwar ƙasa, ya sanya kwanciya a gindin tushen, wanda zai sa suyi rauni. Jiyya: Abu na farko da ake bukata shine don rage adadin ruwa don ban ruwa, na biyu shine a bi da maganin kwari na Fazalona (3%) ko Karbofos. Idan kamuwa da cuta ya faru a cikin ƙarar girma, dole ne a lalata shuka.
- Gizo-gizo ja mite. Yana rinjayar fure idan nauyin da ake buƙata na danshi ba a cikin gida. Yana kama da rufe launi tare da filayen filayen yanar gizo, karin fadada daga cikin launi, tabo, sa'an nan kuma gaskiya. Don manufar gwagwarmaya, ana amfani da maganin sabulu, shirye-shiryen "Zolon", "Phosbecid" ko "Decis".
Sakamakon launi - mummunan cututtukan fungal da ke shafi lalatun ganye. An bayyana shi a cikin nau'i na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda bayan wani lokaci ya canza zuwa ratsan baki.
Jiyya:
- bita na ban ruwa;
- cire wasu sassa na furen;
- magani na tsire-tsire tare da sinadarin magungunan antifungal.
Yawancin hankali a cikin kulawa kuma, idan aka kwatanta da wasu furanni na cikin gida, yana buƙatar ƙwarewa sosai idan ya girma a cikin yanayin, amma kyau sosai Vriese Splenriet wani itace mai ban sha'awa ne, wanda ya dace da kiyaye ayyukan da ke sama, zai yi ado cikin ciki, alama ce ta ta'aziyya ta gida wadda ke faranta ido. Bugu da ƙari, vriezii daidai yana kama da tsabtatawa da tsaftace iska.
