Shuke-shuke

Philodendron: bayanin, nau'ikan, kulawa da kurakurai akai-akai a ciki

Philodendron wata itaciya ce mai dawwama ga asalin Kudancin Amurka. Wannan wakilin dangin Aroid an rarraba shi ko'ina cikin duniya. Yanzu ana amfani da philodendrons kamar furanni na cikin gida.

Bayanin Philodendron

Tana da manyan ganyayyaki kore, siffar wacce za ta iya zama mai kyau, mai kamannin zuciya, zagaye, ko kibiya mai kamanni. Abincin yana da yawa, hucin gindi daga gindi. Ya danganta da nau'in halittar, ana gano tushen ƙasa da na iska wanda ke taimakawa epiphytes haɗe zuwa wata shuka.

Illar inflorescence na philodendron yana kama da farin ciki wanda yakai matsakaiciyar tsaka, wanda samansa akwai ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda (shimfidar gado). 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ƙananan berries ne masu guba dauke da tsaba.

Shahararrun nau'ikan gida philodendron

Halittar philodendrons sun hada da nau'ikan 900, amma kawai wasu daga cikinsu ana amfani dasu azaman tsire-tsire na gida. Duk wakilai suna da tsari iri ɗaya da launi na inflorescences, amma sun bambanta da siffar ganye, girman kara da sauran halaye.

DubawaBayaninBar
Hawan hawaCm 200. Rabin Epiphyte, mafi yawan rayuwa suna girma kamar hawan itacen inabi.20-30 cm tsawo, mai launin shuɗi, mai kamshi. Suna da zuciya mai kama da elongated siffar.
BlushingDubu 150-180 cm. Gishiyar itace ce mai tsinke, ba a sanya ta, daga layi.Elongated, nuna zuwa ƙarshen. 25 cm tsayi, 10-18 cm fadi. Dogon sanda maroon.
AtomSmallarami, yana da tsarin tsabtace yankin.Har zuwa 30 cm tsayi, mai haske, mai kakin zuma. Koren duhu, mai bakin ciki, tare da gefunan wuta.
Guitar-likeLiana 200 cm tsayi.20-35 cm. Zuciyar-zuciya, har zuwa ƙarshensa. Ganyayyaki na manya suna kama da guitar a cikin siffar.
WartyMatsakaici na girma a epiphyte yana buƙatar tallafi.Duhu mai duhu tare da tint na tagulla, mai siffa zuciya. 20-25 cm tsayi. Sinewy. A kan petioles suna villi.
Siffar mai siffaItace tsattsarka mai tsayi har zuwa 500 cm a tsayi.35-45 cm. M, mai haske kore tare da tint acid. A lokaci mai tsawo, gefuna sun zama wavy.
SelloItaciya mai kama da itace, 100-300 cm.Har zuwa 90 cm a tsawon, 60-70 cm a fadin. Manyan manyan abubuwan jan hankali da aka karkata.
XandouRoundasa, matattakala. Kai mai girma masu girma dabam.Zagaye, yi tsari mai kyau. Dark kore, mai sheki.
CobraKaramin rabin epiphyte.14-25 cm tsayi. Madaidaici, launi na ado.
BurgundyStiananan ƙaramar sheƙewa mai ƙamshi.10-15 cm a tsawon, 8-14 cm fadi. Duhu mai duhu tare da burgundy shimmer. Haɗe zuwa ƙarshen, ellipsoidal.
Farin MarmaraMatsakaici, shrubby ko epiphytic tsarin.M, dan kadan elongated tare da nuna ƙarshen. Petioles sune maroon. An rufe shi da farin stains.
GoldieKaramin itacen inabi mai karamin karfi tare da tsarin tushen karfi, yana bukatar tallafi.Haske, tare da farin tint. M, sinewy, matte.
Jungle BoogieDogara mai rabi-epiphyte tare da dunƙule mai haushi.Dogon, tare da manyan abubuwa masu yawa, koren duhu, bakin ƙarshe.
VarshevichManyan gan wasa masu rabin goge-goge tare da harbe-harbe.Haske, koren haske, ƙarami a ciki. Yankin Cirrus
MagnificumMatsakaici a cikin girman, kara kore mai duhu. Tsarin tushen ya kai 10 cm tsayi.M, m, tare da wavy gefuna, elongated siffar.
IvyTashi mai yawa kara tare da dogon brownish asalinsu.15-40 cm. Wide, mai kamannin zuciya, koren duhu, mai launin fata.
An kwantoDogon lippitic, laima a gindi.40-60 cm, lobed, mai haske, an rufe shi da abin da kakin zuma yake amfani da shi.
RadiantEpiphytic ko Semi-Epiphytic shuka na ƙananan girma.15-20 cm tsawo, 10-15 cm fadi. Tsarin yana canzawa tare da shekaru daga ellipsoidal zuwa mafi elongated.
JellyfishUrgararren ɓoye, mai ɗaure, ba a fassara shi cikin kulawa.Haske kore da zaitun tare da tirin amber. M.
MediopiktaKaramin rabin epiphyte.Bambancin, Emerald, elongated zuwa ƙarshen.
MBabbar shuka mai girma tare da aan takama mai ƙarfi.45-50 cm a tsawon. Manyan, kore mai haske, suna da yanke yankuna masu zurfi.

Philodendron Kulawa

Domin philodendron ya girma lafiya, dole ne a kula da shi yadda ya kamata.

GaskiyaLokacin bazaraLokacin sanyi
WuriDon sanyawa a gabashin ko yamma a cikin dakin, inda akwai samun dama kai tsaye zuwa hasken rana.Karka sanya tukunya kusa da kayan aikin wuta. Cire yiwuwar zayyana.
WatseMai Kauna. Kada a bushe ƙasa da bushewa;Idan yanayin kwanciyar hankali ya kasance, kula da kullun. A ranakun sanyi ba ruwa.
Haushi60-70%. Fesa furanni kowane kwanaki 2-3, idan ɗakin yana da zafi, ƙara tsari zuwa sau 2 a rana. Shafa ganye tare da damp zane.Don ware spraying a low zazzabi, in ba haka ba da shuka zai rot. Amma idan iskar ta bushe sosai, saka humidifier ko kwalin ruwa kusa da tukunyar.
Zazzabi+ 22 ... +28 ° С, samun iska ta yau da kullun wajibi ne, zai iya jure yanayin zafi tare da zafi mai dacewa.Bai kamata ya faɗi ƙasa +15 ° C ba, in ba haka ba inji ya mutu.
HaskeYana buƙatar haske, amma baya jure hasken rana kai tsaye.Sanya hasken rana ta amfani da phytolamps.

Zabi na iya aiki da ƙasa, ƙa'idojin juyawa

Dole ne ya zama mai ƙarfi ya zama mai zurfi da zurfi, tunda tsarin dokin philodendron yana da tsawo kuma yana da rassa da yawa, hakanan ma yana da buƙatar sanya ramuka a ciki domin danshi.

Kuna iya amfani da abin canzawa don orchids tare da ƙari na peat ko shirya shi da kanka: gawayi, allura, yashi, peat, perlite da ƙasa mai cakuda a hade daidai gwargwado. Don mafi yawan abinci mai gina jiki, yayyafa tare da abincin kashi ko kwakwalwan kwamfuta mai ƙaho.

Idan philodendron ya kasance saurayi, yakamata a sake haɗa shi sau ɗaya a shekara, don tsirrai masu girma, sau ɗaya kowace shekara 3-4 sun isa. Da zaran Tushen ya fara bayyana daga ramin magudanan ruwa, ya zama dole a fara shirya sabon akwati na girman da ya dace.

  1. Sanya magudanar ruwa (kumburin polystyrene, yumbu da aka shimfiɗa) a kasan tukunyar.
  2. Sama sama da cakuda ƙasa.
  3. Cire shuka daga cikin tsohon akwati don kada a lalata tushen.
  4. Sanya philodendron a tsakiya ba tare da cire tallafin ba, idan akwai.
  5. Theara ragowar na substrate kuma a hankali ruwa domin ƙasa ta zauna kuma an cika shi da danshi.
  6. Tushen tushe ba ya buƙatar zurfafa.

Hakanan zaka iya amfani da hanyar warwarewa:

  1. Tare da wuka, ware ƙasa daga gefan tukunya.
  2. Liftauke da philodendron daga cikin akwati tare da ƙurar dunƙule.
  3. Matsar da shuka zuwa sabon tukunyar da aka tanada.
  4. Soilara ƙasa da ruwa a hankali.

Halita, tallafi

Don samar da kyakkyawan kambi, kuna buƙatar yanke ganye a kai a kai da kuma rassan. Yi wannan a cikin bazara da bazara ba tare da lalata sassa na shuka ba.

Ana buƙatar tallafi don nau'in epiphytic waɗanda ke buƙatar samar da haɓaka a tsaye. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da gangar jikin gansakuka, manyan duwatsun, trellises ko rigar tsaye a bango.

Watering, saman miya

A cikin daji, philodendron yana girma a cikin canjin yanayi a yanayi: ruwan sama da fari. Yanayin daki ba su da irin wannan rigar, duk da haka, ya kamata a zartar da yin ruwa daidai da lokacin.

A cikin bazara da bazara, shuka ba za a iya shayar da shi sau da yawa, ya isa ya hana ƙasa bushewa.

Amintaccen dole ne ya kasance rigar koyaushe. Autumn-hunturu ya kamata a rage da za'ayi kawai bayan bushewa rabin ƙasa.

Wajibi ne a tabbatar da cewa ƙasa ba ta bushewa, in ba haka ba philodendron zai mutu.

Ciyarwa tare da nitrogen-dauke da, phosphorus ko potash takin zamani 1 lokaci a cikin makonni 2 a cikin bazara-rani, 1 lokaci na wata-wata a cikin fall-hunturu. Rage maida hankali da mafita daga kashi 20% daga wanda aka nuna a umarnin. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da kwayoyin: allura, haushi itace, sawki, gansakuka.

Sake bugun Philodendron

Philodendron ya bazu ta hanyoyi biyu: ta iri da kuma ciyayi. Amma haifuwar zuriya a gida ba za'ayi shi ba, tunda tsinkar tsiro tayi da wuya kuma baya yin sa.

Hanya ta biyu ana yin sa ne a lokacin bazara-bazara.

  1. Yanke harbe tare da 2-3 internodes tare da wuka mai tsabta.
  2. Wurin da aka yanka an bi da shi da gawayi.
  3. Yi akwati tare da ma'adinan ma'adinai.
  4. Yi ƙananan ramuka a cikin ƙasa kuma sanya wuraren a ciki. Ya kamata ɓangaren kore ya zauna a farfajiya.
  5. Createirƙirar yanayi na greenhouse: a kai a kai ƙasa, rufe akwati tare da fim, riƙe haske mai haske, zafin jiki na ɗaki da iska a cikin iska sau ɗaya a rana.
  6. Bayan kwanaki 20-25, dasa shuki a cikin kwandon shara daidai da ƙasa mai shirye da ramuka magudana.

Kuskure a cikin Philodendron Care

Kwayar cuta

Bayyanannun ganyayyaki

DaliliHanyar gyarawa
Juya launin rawaya da bushe.Rashin ma'adanai, hasken rana kai tsaye, busasshiyar iska.Theara yawan adadin ruwa kuma yi duhu cikin philodendron.
M bayyanannu sun bayyana..OneSanya shuka a cikin inuwa m da murfi. Fesa a kai a kai.
Tushen suna juyawa.Soilara taurin ƙasa, danshi mai yawa, kamuwa da cuta.A cikin yanayin farko, yi laushi ƙasa tare da haushi. A na biyu, daidaita da ruwa tsarin mulki. Physan zai taimaka wa naman gwari.
Shude.Iskar tana da sanyi ko laima.Daidaita zafi zuwa kusan 70%. Kula da zazzabi.
Philodendron ba ya girma.

Kashe kodadde.

Depletion na substrate.Topara babban miya ko watsa philodendron cikin sabon ƙasa mai gina jiki.
Rawaya rawaya a farfajiya.Haske yayi haske sosai.Shade ko matsar da shuka zuwa sashin yamma na dakin.

Cututtuka, kwari na philodendron

AlamaDaliliHanyar gyarawa
Tushen suna jujjuyawa, baƙin rufi yana bayyana a kansu. Harbi da duk ganye sun bushe.Na kwayan cuta rot.Yanke duk sassan da abin ya shafa na shuka, magance wuraren yanke da Fitosporin. Bayan an canza kasar gona kuma a gurza tukunyar. Yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da tetracycline (1 g kowace lita).
Tsan digiri suna bayyana a wajen ganye. Kara sau da yawa yana rufe da launin ruwan kasa.Lalacewa ta hoto.Ba a bi da kamuwa da cuta. Kuna buƙatar kawar da tsire don kada ya wuce zuwa wasu furanni.
Itatuwan fure ya mutu, ganyayyaki ya zube.Garkuwa.Yi amfani da Permethrin, Bi 58, Phosphamide, Methyl mercaptophos ko maganin sabulu.
Green kananan kwari a farfajiya na ganye, tushe. Philodendron ya mutu.Aphids.Tincture daga ruwan lemun tsami, Intavir, Actofit.
Kara da ganye an rufe su da farin farin ciki na yanar gizo.Spider mite.Ruwa a kai a kai, amfani da Neoron, Omayt, Fitoverm bisa ga umarnin.
Wax adon kaya da fari aibobi a cikin ganyayyaki.Mealybug.Cire sassan da aka shafa na fure, cire kwari, bi da Actara, Mospilan, Actellik ko Calypso.

Mr. Dachnik yayi bayani: fa'idodi da cutarwa na philodendron

Ruwan Philodendron mai guba ne, kuma a kan fata, yana haifar da haushi. Sabili da haka, tare da shuka ya kamata ko da yaushe yi aiki tare da safofin hannu. Amma furen shima yana da kaddarorin amfani: godiya ga ɗumbin ganyayyaki, yana tsarkake iskar ruwan gubobi kuma yana taimakawa rage ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa.