Mattiola (na hagu) na Cruciferous ne. Wurin haihuwa na daji mai ƙanshi shine Tekun Bahar Rum. Tsarin halittar ya hada da nau'ikan iri hamsin. Ana amfani da furen don adon lambu saboda ƙanshin mai girma.
Bayanin
Wannan tsire-tsire ne na shekara-shekara ko na shekara guda, wanda ya isa 0.3-0.9 m. An rufe shi da fata mafi bakin ciki: bare ko tare da gajeren gashi. M lanceolate faranti da hakora tare da kewaye. Featured da taushi ga taɓawa. A cikin yanki na haɗe ana tattara su a cikin allunan ruwa.
A ƙarshen Mayu, inflorescences na cystiform daga fararen al'ada ko na biyu ya bayyana. Petals zagaye, da launuka daban-daban: dusar ƙanƙara-fari, violet, lilac, rasberi, shuɗi, lemun tsami. Odarancin warin da ba ya iya jawo hankalin kwari
Bayan fure, maimakon buds, 'ya'yan itatuwa sun bayyana. Waɗannan katunan adon katako waɗanda ke ɗauke da babban adadin ƙananan tsaba.
Mattiola bicorn da sauran nau'in
Duk iri za'a iya raba su:
- rashin kunya (dwarf);
- matsakaici;
- babba.
Bayanin wasu nau'ikan:
| Take | Bayanin | Bar | Furanni / tsawon kamanninsu |
| Bicorn | Thinaƙƙarfan itace mai santsi, ingantacciyar suttura mai girma yana samar da daji mai tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara har zuwa mita 0 a tsayi. | Greyish-kore, layin layi, petioles. | Su ɓangare ne na inflorescences a cikin nau'i na panicles tare da mai sauƙi, Corollas petal huɗu. M ko datti mai ruwan hoda. Yuni-Agusta. |
| Grey-mai gashi | Shekaru har zuwa 20-80 cm tare da raunin gangar jikin mai rauni. | M ko kuma kunkuntar layi, tare da kadan pubescence. | Mai sauƙi ko terry. Sautuna daban-daban: dusar ƙanƙara-fari, ruwan hoda, mai ruwan shuɗi, na samaniya, mai duhu. Daga watan 2 na bazara zuwa farkon sanyi. |
| M | Perennial har zuwa 45 cm. | Emerald, tare da tsawo, ya ji daɗin farin launi. Petioles suna daɗaɗɗuwa, waɗanda aka tattara a cikin ƙaramin rosette a gindi | M, amber-launin ruwan kasa, ƙirƙira cikin friable, racemose inflorescences. Mayu-Yuni. |
An bambancin matthiola bicorn: ƙanshi maraice da sauransu
Mafi nema bayan:
| Digiri | Bayanin | Furanni |
| Turare maraice | Har zuwa 45 cm tare da madaidaiciya, kara mai tushe. Mai ikon yin girma a cikin inuwa m. | M, tattara a sako-sako da inflorescences a cikin hanyar goge. Bude furannin da yamma, kusa da fitowar rana. |
| Hasken tauraruwa | Har zuwa cm 30. Mai ikon yin tsayayya da yanayin zafi har zuwa -5 ° C. | Yawancin inuwa. Ba su wakiltar adorativeness ba, amma suna da ƙarfi, ƙanshi mai daɗi. |
| Rinjin dare | Har zuwa cm 25. Yana ƙaunar rana, amma a lokaci guda yana haƙuri da sanyi. Kara karfi branching, tare da m ganye. | An tattara a cikin tsefewar inflorescences. Lokacin fure yana da tsawo. |
| Lilac | Har zuwa cm 50. Babban fasali shine juriya mai sanyi. | M, a cikin siffar goge. Faruwa watanni 2 bayan shuka. |
Mattiola: girma daga iri lokacin da shuka
An fi son yaduwar iri. Ana yin shuka ne a kan wani fili a cikin watan Nuwamba ko Afrilu:
- A cikin wurin da aka haskaka, tono rami a nesa na 20-25 cm, zurfin 5 cm.
- Haɗa tsaba tare da hatsi na yashi kuma a ko'ina cikin rarraba cikin ramuka.
- Tare da shuka mai bazara, ruwa.
- Fizge daga bayan 3 gaskiya ganye bayyana. Bar mafi ƙarfi da lafiya sprouts a nesa na 15-20 cm.
Shuka seedlings a gida
Shuka tsaba don shuka yana gudana ne a cikin Maris:
- Fr da turf da yashi a daidai adadin a cikin akwati.
- Jiƙa iri a cikin potassium permanganate tsawon minti 30, kurkura da ruwa, bushe sosai.
- Tono a cikin cakuda ƙasa 5 mm a nesa mai kyau daga juna.
- Hallaka daga atomizer lafiya.
- Rufe tare da cellophane, sanya a cikin daki a zazzabi na + 11 ... +14 ° C, ƙirƙirar haske mai haske.
- Cire tsari lokacin da farkon harbe suka bayyana (bayan kwanaki 3-4).
- Bayan kwanaki 12-14, nutse cikin kwantena daban (ƙananan tukwane ko gilashin filastik).
- Don yayi girma har tsakiyar lokacin bazara.
- Enarfafa bushes kafin dasa shuki a cikin bude ƙasa: a cikin mako guda, fara ɗaukar su zuwa cikin titi don 'yan sa'o'i biyu.
- A farkon watan Mayu, dasa shuki zuwa dindindin.
Levkoy perennial: dasa da kulawa
Levkoy yana buƙatar ingantaccen wuri. Zai fi kyau cewa kafin wannan a ƙasa babu wasu wakilai na Cruciferous (ƙasa na iya kamuwa da naman gwari). Mattiola yana haɓaka da kyau akan abinci mai gina jiki, ƙasa mai iska, tsaka tsaki pH. Mai ɗaukar nauyi mai nauyi zai haifar da mutuwa.
Ana saukowa ƙasa ta hanyar natsuwa tare da ƙammar earthen. An binne tsire-tsire a matakin rhizome, barin nesa daga 17-20 cm.Idan an dasa shi da yawa, cututtuka daban-daban na iya faruwa. Saukowa da shawarar yi a ƙarshen yamma, a cikin ruwa weather.
Itace mai sauƙin shuka, abu mafi mahimmanci shine zaɓar wurin da ya dace don dasa da ruwa.
| Matsayi | Shawarwari |
| Watse | Regular, a cikin kananan allurai. Da yamma, za a iya fesa daji don sa ƙanshin ya fi ƙarfi. |
| Yanawa | Don samar da lokaci zuwa lokaci don inganta numfashin ƙasa. Yana hana sako daga wuce gona da iri, yana kwashe abubuwan gina jiki, yana tsokane cututtuka. |
| Manyan miya | Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin kayan abinci mai gina jiki, takin zamani ba lallai bane. A cikin bazara, zaka iya amfani da gauraya ma'adinai mai tsire-tsire don tsire-tsire na fure. Ba a ba da shawarar kwayoyin ba. |
Cutar da kwari
Kamar kowane tsirrai, cutar sankarar bargo ta shafi cututtuka da kwari. A mafi girma, fure ne mai saukin kamuwa da su:
| Cutar | Alamu | Jiyya da rigakafin |
| Kila Cruciferous | A cikin matakan farko, yana da wuya a gano. Girma mai siffa-mai fasali ko mai siffar-ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ya bayyana akan asalin, a cikin launi na rhizome. A lokaci mai tsawo, suna girma, juya launin ruwan kasa kuma suna zuwa sashin da ke sama. Ba da daɗewa ba, iskoki suka lalata cikin ƙasa. Spores na naman gwari zauna a cikin ƙasa har zuwa shekaru 10. Tare da lalacewa, ya zama kasada a ci gaba. Bangaren da ke sama yana faduwa, ya zama mai rawaya. | Ba shi yiwuwa a warke. Samfuran ya shafa dole ne a lalata su kuma ƙasa ta gurɓata. Don kauce wa rashin lafiya, dole ne a bi ka'idodin lokacin sauka. A lokacin da ruwa, kar a over-rigar da substrate. |
| Kafa baki |
| Dankin zai mutu ko ta yaya. Yana buƙatar halaka, ƙasa tare da HOM don hana kamuwa da cuta daga wasu bushes bayan dasa. |
| Kishi mai gurnani |
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Mr. Dachnik ya ba da shawarar: matthiola a cikin shimfidar wuri mai faɗi
Mattiola fure ce da aka shuka a yankuna ba saboda kyawun bayyanar ta ba, amma saboda ƙanshinta mai daɗi. Kodayake iri tare da inflorescences na terry har yanzu suna iya yin ado kowane lambu, zama ƙari ban mamaki ga tsarin fure. Ana dasa Levka kusa da windows, benci, arbor don jin daɗin ƙanshi mai ban sha'awa.
Furanni sun dace da yankan. Zasu iya tsayawa a cikin kayan ado na har sati 2, yayin da suke taɗa ƙanshi mai daɗin ƙanshi mai daɗi.
