A cikin shekaru 20 na kasancewar, 'ya'yan itacen inabi na NiZin sun zama wani yanayi na ingantaccen tsari wanda aka girma a cikin lambuna da yawa na kusan dukkanin bangarorin yanayin yanayin yanayinmu da ƙasashe maƙwabta. A iri-iri, bred a ƙarshen ƙarni na karshe, ya fadi cikin ƙauna tare da giya masu kungiyar biyu don kyakkyawan dandano da kasuwancin berries, kazalika da kulawa da ƙwarewa da daidaitawa ga yanayi daban-daban.
Tarihin namo innabi iri-iri lowland
'Ya'yan inabi na NiZin - nau'in innabi na farko, wanda ke da sha'awar mai son V.N. Kraynov, wanda ya zauna a cikin garin Novocherkassk. An kira Viktor Nikolaevich "mai zaman kansa" mai shayarwa. Tabbas, bai yi aiki a kowane ɗakunan bincike mai zurfi ba, amma ya kirkiro sabon nau'in innabi a cikin lambun gidansa na sirri. Kamar yadda mai shayarwar da kansa ya ce, ya tsunduma cikin aikin gona tun yana ɗan shekara 15, mahaifinsa ya koya masa wannan, shima ba masanin kimiyyar dabbobi ba ne, amma jami'in ritaya ne. Tun lokacin da gidan bazara na V. N. Krainov ya kasance a bankunan Kogin Tuzla kuma yanayin halin da ba ya da kyau, ya yi ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar nau'ikan da ke tsayawa sanyi ga sanyi, raɓar safiya da hazo. A cikin duka, mai shayarwa ya kirkiro 45, kuma kusan duk yanzu suna neman aikace-aikacen su.
Kurangar inabin da aka samar ta tsire-tsire daga tarin V. N. Krainov suna fasalin fasalin “m, mai ban sha'awa, gigantic, gigantic”.
Na farko iri-iri da suka fara karbar “tikiti zuwa rayuwa” shi ne ainihin nau'in NiZin. Wannan daidai ne, tare da babban harafin "Z" a tsakiyar kalmar. Mai sha'awar da kansa, yana ba da labarin farkon aikinsa a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 2009, ya ce ya aiwatar da wasu varietiesan kalilan kawai ta amfani da zaɓuɓɓuka iri-iri, misali: Talisman + Tomaysky, Talisman + Autumn Black da Talisman + Luishisty kishmish. Ya rubuta: "Tuni a cikin 1998, wasu ƙwayoyin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta sun watsar da inflorescences kuma sun yi fure, a watan Agusta-Satumba an samo amfanin gona na farko da sabon inabi, a cikin abin da aka samar da ƙwayar NiZin, tuni kusan almara ce."
NiZina da sauri ya zama abin birgewa: sun daidaita shi, sun inganta shi, amma yanzu matakin yana "aiki"
Da farko NiZina tayi girma a kudu na Rasha. Daga nan ne ya fara noma yankuna a tsakiyar layi kuma mafi yankuna yankuna na arewa. A cikin 1999, iri iri na Nina, Tuzlovsky giant, Pervozvanny an bred, sa'an nan kuma jerin dangin da aka karɓa da Kraynov ya yi girma.
A yanar gizo zaka iya samun hukunce-hukuncen da yawa daban-daban game da waɗanne '' iyaye 'ne na wannan matasan.
A wannan yanayin, ba shakka, ya kamata ku je ga asalin, har ma a lokacin rayuwar V. N. Krainov, gidan yanar gizon da aka sadaukar don aikinsa yana aiki. A can, ga alama, an faɗi sarai cewa NiZina sakamakon fitinar ɗabi'u ne na Kesha-1 da Radish. Ina cibiyar sadarwar ke gudana game da ra'ayoyi da yawa game da wannan batun? Haka ne, kawai ci gaba daga gaskiyar cewa a kan tushen wannan ma'aurata, Kraynov ya tsamo nau'ikan iri-iri iri daban-daban! Amma ba wuya a zana ƙaramin daidaici. Iyaye iri ɗaya suna da yara, duka masu haske da duhu. Kwatancen, ba shakka, ƙari ne a bayyane, amma wani abu makamancin wannan a cikin duniyar shuka: hanyoyi daban-daban na tsallakewa, zaku iya samun sakamako daban-daban. Haka kuma, wani mai shayarwa, V.V. Zagorulko daga garin Zaporozhye, saboda zaɓaɓɓen tsari bisa ɗayan biyun, Lily na kwari yana da bambanci sosai da NiZina.
Lily na kwarin sun fito daga iyayen guda ne, amma yaya bambamcin waɗannan nau'ikan suke da juna!
Masu noman innabi ba su da lokacin tantance wane nau'in V. N. Krainov ne mafi kyau - Nizina ko Nina wanda ya bi shi, a matsayin mai shayarwa har ma ya rikice musu, yana sakin nau'in matasan da ake kira Nizina 2. Bayan haka, daga bayanin da aka bayar a shafin yanar gizonsa, ya bi hakan har ma a cikin bayyanar, Nizin 2 ya sha bamban sosai da nau'in Nizin: har ma launi na berries ya sha bamban, baya ga wasu halaye. Haka ne, daga baya Nizin 2 ya karbi sunan Ninel, amma wannan gaskiyar ta kara rikicewa.
Don haka, a mayar da shi iri-iri wanda tarihin V.N.Krainov inabi ya fara, Nian NiZin. Ko kuma, kamar yadda marubucin da kansa ya rubuta, "ga hadaddun mahaɗan matsakaitan balaga na matsakaici-marigayi."
Bayanin NiZina innabi iri-iri
Itatuwan innabi na iri iri na Nisina suna girma sama da matsakaiciyar haɓaka, girma yana faruwa da sauri, kuma a cikin harbewarsa, yawancin suna da amfani. Yawan su yana nufin adadin su kamar 60 - 80%. Branaƙƙarfan Branch na harbe an lura, kuma tun da ɗaya ko biyu goge na berries za'a iya ɗaure akan kowane, yawan amfanin ƙasa iri-iri yana da girma sosai. A daji tsayayya da duka nauyin har zuwa 24 harbe, barga fruiting. Matsakaicin taro na amfanin gona daga daji daya tare da kusan cikakkiyar rashin kulawa shine 6 kg.
NiZina goge ya yi girma saboda kar su tsoma baki ga juna, kuma amfanin da wannan nau'in innabi ya nuna
Daji zai iya girma duka a kan tushen sa (shine, girma daga yankuna na inabi na NiZin) kuma a cikin al'adun da aka liƙa: ofarfin nasarar alurar rigakafin hannayen gwani yana kusa da 100, iri iri yana da babban karfinsu tare da yawancin rootstocks. Harbe a lokacin girma girma ripen isasshe. Bar da saba saba. Nizina ta fara fitar da albarkatu a shekara ta biyu ko ta uku bayan an dasa shuki; ya danganta da yanayin yanayin zafi, lokacin daga farkon lokacin girma zuwa cikakken fitar da tumatir ya kasance daga watanni 4 zuwa 4.5. Saboda haka, iri-iri ba da wuri ba, a'a, yakamata a yi la’akari da matsakaici-ƙarshen: girbi a kudu yana farawa a ƙarshen watan Agusta, kuma a yankin tsakiyar da zuwa arewa - kusa da tsakiyar watan Satumba.
An bayyana Nizina a matsayin iri-iri mai tsaurin sanyi: yana tsayayya da yanayin zafi har zuwa -23 game daC. Gaskiya ne, yanzu wannan alamar bazai ba kowa mamaki ba: akwai ƙarin lambobin rikodi. Amma gaskiyar cewa a mafi yawan yankuna yana buƙatar tsari mai sauƙi don hunturu kawai ba shi da amfani.
Tsayayya da cututtukan innabi da mafi yawan kwari a cikin iri-iri an bayyana su da yawa kamar na musamman: an ruwaito cewa spraying ne kawai rigakafi a cikin yanayi, kuma cututtuka tare da oidium, launin toka rot ko mildew ne musamman rare a NiZin. Koyaya, kwararru suna bayar da kimar juriya ga cututtukan fungal na 3.5.
Don wasu dalilai ƙaho, wasps da ƙudan zuma ba sa son iri-iri. Babu wasu nau'ikan da yawa waɗanda waɗannan kwari ba su shafa ba, wanda shine wata hanyar da ba za ta iya shakkar ta ba akan wasu nau'ikan da yawa.
Inabi ya yi girma a lokutan al'ada: a kusa da tsakiyar watan Yuni. Furanni suna bisexual, saboda haka wuri na berries yana da girma. Gungu suna da kyan gani da girma. Kuma idan matsakaicin nauyinsu ya kai kilogiram 0.7, ana misalta abubuwan da suka shafi girma zuwa 2 kilogiram, kuma a lokuta guda-ɗaya har zuwa 3 kilogiram. Yawan yawa na bunch shine matsakaici, sifar yana daga sililin a babban bangare zuwa mazugi na yau da kullun ƙasa. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, an ɗaure gungu ta wannan hanyar da ba su tsoma baki tare da ci gaban juna ba, a cikin kowane gungu har zuwa 40 berries. Bunwannin suna da kyawawan gabatarwa, suna ɗaukar kaya kuma, idan an adana su yadda ya kamata, suna iya yin kwanciyar hankali har zuwa Sabuwar Shekara. Lokacin da aka adana, dandano yana inganta dan kadan.
Berries daga babba zuwa babba sosai: matsakaicin girman 30 x 22 mm, matsakaita nauyi 11. Girman yana daga zagaye zuwa m.
An bambanta iri-iri ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa berries sun juya ja tun kafin farkon farashi na mabukaci: kimanin makonni biyu kafin girbi, sun riga sun zama suna shirye. Amma sai launi sannu a hankali ya canza, ya zama ja-violet, har zuwa zalla zalla, ƙara ƙarfi.
A cikin hasken rana, da berries bayyana kusan m. Characterized kamar yadda fleshy, sosai m. Bawo yakan zama ɗanɗano. Abun sukari shine kashi 17-19%. Tsayayya a fatattaka. Acidity shine 8-9 g / l. Yawan tsaba daga 0 zuwa 3.
Halaye na innabi iri-iri NiZina
Tun da muka san NiZin inabi, za mu yi ƙoƙarin ba shi cikakkiyar halayyar. Tabbas, babu 'ya'yan inabi babu flaloli, amma yana da ƙarin fa'idodi. Ga manyan wadanda:
- karbuwa ga yanayi iri-iri;
- babban girma girma da kuma babban yawan fruiting harbe;
- jure cututtukan fungal da phylloxera;
- sanyi juriya;
- farkon balaga;
- furannin bisexual;
- kwanciyar hankali da yawan amfanin ƙasa;
- rashin lalacewar berries ta kwari kwari;
- babban gabatarwa da zirga-zirga na bunches;
- rashin "Peas" a bunches;
- dandano mai kyau da ƙanshi mai daɗi na berries.
Lativearancin rashin nasara na iri-iri:
- da bukatar babban fili don sauka;
- buƙatar rarrabawa amfanin gona: ba tare da yankan ƙarin harbe-harbe ba da kuma cire goge, thean itacen sun ƙanƙanta;
- wahalar oidium a lokacin bazara mai zafi;
- '' Ceri '' dandano mai haske launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi - don kowa. "
Gabaɗaya, gaskiyar cewa 'ya'yan itacen inabi na NiZin sun shahara shine tabbaci cewa wannan ingantaccen matasan ne.
Siffofin dasa da kuma innabi iri-iri NiZina
Daga ra'ayi na dasa shuki da shuka, NiZina tatacciyar hanya ce ta rufe kuli, don haka fasahar aikin gona ba ta da wani muhimmin fasali. Nizin yana da yaduwa ta hanyar itace, saboda haka zaka iya haɓaka seedling a gida. Idan kun riga kun sami ciyayi mai tsaurin sanyi na wata sabuwar iri, za'a iya yin alaƙar ƙasa tare da makama a cikin wannan daji: dabarar grafting ɗin ba ta bambanta sosai da itacen 'ya'yan itace grafting.
Kamar kowane nau'in innabi, NiZina fi son girma a cikin wuraren da ke da rana, mafaka daga ayyukan iska na arewa maso gabas. Sabili da haka, lokacin zabar wurin zuwa ƙasa, ya kamata ka zaɓi inda akwai wani shinge na iska: bango na gidan ko shinge marar lahani. Bishiyoyi masu tsayi (lilac, jasmine, honeysuckle) suma suna kare kai daga iska, amma har yanzu gefen da ke fuskantar rana ta kudu ya kamata ya bude.
Nizina yana son ƙasa mai haske, yana ba da amsa sosai ga chernozems, amma yana da ikon girma a kowane wuri sai dai fadama sosai. Ba ya bukatar m kuma yalwatacce watering, ba shakka, sai dai tsawon lokacin aiki girma na berries. Ba ya son waterlogging: matakin ruwan karkashin kasa ya kamata ya zama mafi muni daga 2.5 m daga ƙasa ƙasa.
Mafi kyawun saurin kwanciyar hankali a yawancin yankuna shine ƙarshen watan Afrilu. A kudu, za a iya dasa inabi a watan Oktoba, amma matasa ciyayi don hunturu ya kamata a rufe su sosai. Hanyar dasa ba ta da banbanci da sauran nau'ikan, amma ya kamata a yi la'akari da ƙarfin haɓaka mai girma, don haka nisan zuwa bushes na kusa da ita ko wasu tsire-tsire ya kamata aƙalla mita 3.
Tun daga kaka, don dasa shuki, ya zama dole ne a tono duk yankin da ke kusa da daji tare da takin zamani (yankin abinci mai gina jiki ya kamata ya zama a kalla 5 m2) don cike ƙasa da abubuwan gina jiki na shekaru masu zuwa. Saukowa rami na bazara dasa kansu ma a cikin fall. An tono rami na wannan nau'in tare da nisan aƙalla 70-80 cm a duka girma. Dole ne a sanya 20 cm na magudanar ruwa a gindi, musamman game da yanayin yumɓun yumbu: tsakuwa, baƙuwar dutse, tubalin bulo. Tsarin ƙasa wanda aka haɗe shi da takin mai magani (bulo da yawa na takin ko taki, rabin guga na itacen ash, laban nitroammophoska) ana zuba akan magudanar ruwan, kuma a saman akwai Layer wanda zai iya hulɗa da asalin matashi kai tsaye: tsabta, ƙasa mai dausayi, ba tare da takin zamani ba. Suna dasa Nizin da zurfi, suna barin kodan 2 kawai sama da ƙasa.
A cikin yankunan m, ya kamata a sanya bututu mai tsaye a cikin rami na dasa ruwa don shayar da seedling kai tsaye a cikin tushen tushe na farkon shekaru 2-3. Lokacin dasawa, yakamata ku shimfiɗa tushen, ya rufe ƙasa, yakamata ya haɗu da ruwa. Mulching kasar gona a kusa da seedling wajibi ne: yana hana kasar gona bushewa kuma yana hana ciyawa girma.
A cikin ramin saukowa, ba kawai magudanar ruwa ta zama kyawawa ba, har ma da bututu don ban ruwa mai zuwa
A kan aiwatar da girma, ya zama dole lokaci-lokaci ruwa da ciyar da inabi. Bayan shekaru 2-3 a kowace shekara a farkon bazara, kayan girke-girke da aka yi tare da gefen daji ya kamata a cika su da buhu 1-2 na takin, kuma a farkon watan Yuni zuba gwangwani 1-2 na ash, ɗauka da sauƙi cike shi cikin ƙasa. Kafin farkon fure kuma nan da nan bayan ƙarshen, miya saman foliar tare da mafita daga takin mai magani yana da tasiri (ta hanyar fesa ganye). A yayin lodin berries, riguna na sama yakamata su ƙunshi sinadarin phosphorus da potassium kawai.
Idan ana sa ran tsananin sanyi a lokacin bazara, zaku iya jinkirta kumburin kumburin na tsawon makonni 1-2 ta hanyar fitar da inabi tare da maganin sinadarin baƙin ƙarfe, wanda zai taimaka a yaƙi da kwari da cututtuka.
Inabi na buƙatar ɗanɗanar ƙaya na shekara-shekara, da nufin cire bushewar harbe, kazalika da ƙarin rassan da ke ƙara faɗaɗa daji. A cikin bazara, pruning na kwaskwarima ne, kuma babban ya kamata ya kamata a yi kafin a tsare bushes ɗin don hunturu. Bugu da kari, cikin duk girma girma, har yanzu rauni, amma a fili superfluous matasa harbe ya kamata a karya. Wannan aikin yana taimakawa don tabbatar da cewa ta hanyar kaka ne kawai vines din da suka cancanta za su kasance a kan daji. A cikin duka, Nizina na iya barin harbe 22-25. Abin baƙin ciki, ƙarin gungu koyaushe dole ne a yanke, ko da sun bayyana. Ana buƙatar ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.
A iri-iri ne sosai resistant ga cututtuka, amma ga rigakafinsu yana da kyau a aiwatar da dama sprayings a kowace kakar tare da maganin kashe guba. A watan Oktoba - farkon Nuwamba, dole ne a rufe bushes don hunturu. A iri-iri ne quite sanyi-resistant, ba lallai ba ne don rufe vines har ma a cikin arewacin yankunan. Zai isa, tun cire 'ya'yan inabi daga trellis, rufe shi tare da tsiro na bishiyoyin bishiyoyi.
Nasiha
Hatta a Siberiya, a ƙasar Kogin a ƙasa yana buɗewa, amma gaskiya ba kowace shekara ke tsirowa ba tare da mafaka ba. A cikin 2012 kuma a cikin 2015, ya yi girma sosai kafin faduwar mafaka. M, manyan Berry.
Nadezhda NV//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=573.0
A wannan shekara Ina son Nizina har ma saboda saboda haƙurinsa, daji yana da shekaru 4 na 'ya'yan itace, idan har wannan shekara a watan Afrilu akwai dusar ƙanƙara da duk manyan harbe kuma duk gonar inabin ta kakkaɓe harbe daga maye gurbin buds, duk watan Yuni ana ruwa sama sosai, magani guda daya har Yuli, har sai gonar inabin ta bata da lafiya, Ridomil Gold ta fesa wani wuri a ranar 5 ga Yuli, tana shayar da dajin, bata taba haduwa ba, ta bar gungun kwalliya ta 15-17 a kowane daji, ta fitar da komai, a kan bangon Viva Aiki da Blagovest load ya lashe.
"serg74"//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=573.0
A yau sun ci goge na ƙarshe na Lowland. Acid da sukari suna cikin daidaitaccen ma'auni yayin da, kamar mako biyu da suka gabata, sun kasance masu acidic (guntu a ƙarƙashin ƙwayoyin cherries) yayin da suke cikakke salati. Iyalin sun yaba da dandano da kamannin, amma ba sosai cikin sharuddan. Koyaya, hukuncin ya kasance akan tarin nawa. A cikin kayayyaki saukowa quite a bit, biyar bushes.
"sanserg"//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=603
Bidiyo: NiZin inabi a kan bushes
Yankin NiZina an yi niyya don namo kiwo a gonakin inabi a yawancin ƙasarmu. Samun babban hunturu hardiness da low mai saukin kamuwa da cututtuka, yana ba barga da ake samu na da dadi sosai berries. Kula da wannan innabi ba a cika rikitarwa ba, wanda ke ba da damar ba da shawarar ga masu fara lambu.
