Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea) - shahararren shuka na iyali Niktaginovye, ya zo mana daga Kudancin Amirka. Tartsatsi saboda tsawon lokaci na flowering da kyakkyawan kayan ado.
Bougainvillea - ba tsire-tsire ba ne, sabili da haka, girma da kuma kulawa da ita a karkashin karfi na masu ƙwaya.
Shin kuna sani? Ana kiran furen ne ga dan kasar Faransa Louis Antoine de Bougainville, wanda ya kawo shuka zuwa Turai.
Bougainvillea: bayanin shuka
Halin siffar bougainvillea shine cewa wannan shuka, dangane da pruning, za a iya kafa shi a matsayin shrub kuma a matsayin itacen inabi ko wani itace mai kyau.
Yana da rare, amma ƙayayuwa da tsayayye da ƙananan siffofin ganye tare da nuna iyakar. Fure-furen ƙananan launin, launi mai launi, kewaye da launin launin launuka masu launuka, wanda ya dogara da nau'o'in (m, ja, ruwan hoda, peach, da dai sauransu).
Zabi wuri na gidaje na bougainvillea
Mafi kyaun furen ciki na bougainvillea zai zama windows a kudu da yammacin gidan ko ɗakin.
A lokacin dumi, dole a cire tukunya daga lokaci zuwa lokaci zuwa iska mai kyau domin shuka don karɓar ƙarin haske da iska mai tsabta.
Duk da haka, hasken rana kai tsaye a kan ganye zai iya haifar da konewa, don haka a kan zafi zafi kwanaki yana da kyau don inuwa fure.
Da abun da ke ciki na kasar gona don shuka
A cikin ɗakunan fasaha, zaka iya saya nauyin duniya don tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ko shirya shi da kanka. Dole ne a haɗa nauyin abun da ke cikin ƙasa don bougainvillea a daidai yadda yake:
- humus;
- peat;
- yashi;
- ƙasar sod.
Yanayin yanayin zafi
Mafi yawan zazzabi mai dacewa don flower na bougainvillea zai zama 22-30 ° C, kuma a cikin sauran lokutan zai zama 4-7 ° C.
A lokacin rani na rage yawan zafin jiki, injin zai zubar da ganye. New ganye za su bayyana a farkon spring.
Yana da muhimmanci! A yanayin zafi a ƙasa da 4 ° C, bougainvillea ya mutu.
Shuka da kuma dashi bougainvillea
Mafi kyawun lokaci don dasa furanni shine tsakiyar tsakiyar. An dasa bougainvillea a cikin tukwane na 1.5-5 l.
An shuka shuke-shuke da tsire-tsire a kowace shekaru biyu, tsofaffi - kamar yadda ake bukata, a kowace shekara 3-5. A kasa na tanki dole ne ya shimfiɗa layin magudi, wanda ya kunshi yumɓu mai yalwa, ƙananan pebbles, shards, da ƙwayoyin ƙasa mai kyau.
Tsire-tsire da ake buƙatar dasawa an shayar da shi, yayinda wani tsinkayyar earthen ya fitar da shi, kuma yana riƙe da furen ta saman, an canja shi zuwa wani sabon tukunya. Sa'an nan an kara ƙasa a cikin akwati kuma a kara kara.
A nisa tsakanin tushen da ganuwar tukunya ya zama akalla 2-3 cm.
Yana da muhimmanci! Don yin tsire-tsire da aka soma mafi sauri bayan dasawa, ya kamata a bar shi don kwanaki da yawa ba tare da watering ba, a cikin inuwa.
Yadda za a kula da bougainvillea
Bougainvillea kula da furanni a gida ya hada da watering, pruning da fertilizing.
Watering bougainvillea
A lokacin rani, bougainvillea yana buƙatar shayarwa sau 1-2 a mako. Yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa babu wani dumi mai laushi cikin tukunya. Ruwa daga pallet na tukunya dole ne a shafe, in ba haka ba tushen zai fara rot.
A cikin hunturu, ya isa ya wanke ƙasa sau ɗaya kowace mako biyu don kauce wa bushewa. Ƙananan yawan zafin jiki a cikin dakin, da tsire-tsire da ake bukata ta shuka. Idan bougainvillea ya watsar da ganye, to an dakatar da ruwa gaba daya.
Forming da pruning bougainvillea
Don yanke fassainville a gida ba wuya.
A ƙarshen kaka - farkon hunturu harbe an taqaitaccen ta rabi. A cikin bazara, haɓaka bougainvillea ya ci gaba.
Don yadda ya kamata a yanka bugainvillea, kafin a fara aiki, an bincika shi sosai. Wajibi ne don cire lalacewa, tayi, wanda ba a samu ba.
A lokacin rani, nan da nan bayan flowering, yana da daraja yanke rassan rassan ƙananan rassan, wanda zai kara hanzarta samar da sababbin furanni.
Da kyau pruning bougainvillea iya zama, barin rassan girma fiye da shekaru 3-4, tun da suna da kusan ba buds kuma kada ku yi girma gefen harbe.
Da aduning mai kyau, za a iya shirya bougainvillea a matsayin baka, zuciya, da sauran siffofin.
Top dressing
Daga bazara zuwa kaka, bougainvillea ana ciyar da kowane kwanaki 10-14. Bugu da kari, an bada shawara ga wasu takin gargajiya masu maƙarai tare da ƙaramin ma'adinai masu mahimmanci. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura cewa tare da wuce gona da iri na nitrogen, ƙananan harbe na girma sosai, kuma furen furanni ya ragu.
Saboda haka, lokacin lokacin flowering, wajibi ne don amfani da takin mai magani tare da yawancin potassium da phosphorus. A lokacin sauran lokutan, inji bai buƙatar ciyarwa ba.
Bougainvillea Support Stem
Bougainvillea yana buƙatar goyon baya don kiyaye nauyi. Ƙananan furanni suna buƙatar bamboo ko goyon baya na waya, kuma matasan shuke-shuke zasu sami nauyin gyare-gyare. An lankwasa shi a rabi, an yad da shi a kusurwar dama kuma a kulle cikin ƙasa a gindin furen.
Bugu da kari na bougainvillea a gida
Domin yaduwar bougainvillea, a matsayin tsarin mulki, amfani da hanyar nau'in, shinge da iska.
Hanyar shuka
Bugu da kari na bougainvillea daga tsaba a gida yana buƙatar lokaci mai yawa. Da farko, ya kamata ku shirya ƙasa, ku hada da peat da yashi a daidai rabbai.
Tsaba kafin dasawa da shawarar da za a jiƙa don da yawa hours a girma stimulator. An sanya su a zurfin kimanin 0.5 cm.Domin shuka, ya zama dole don kula da yawan zafin jiki a cikin dakin a 25-30 ° C kuma don samar da ƙananan wutar lantarki.
Harbe na buƙatar yin amfani da ruwa tare da ruwa. Idan haifuwa ya faru a cikin hunturu, dole ne ya haskaka tsaba tare da fitilu. Idan an haɗu da waɗannan yanayi, harbe zai bayyana cikin watanni 2-3.
Air shimfidu
A madadin, zaku iya yaduwa bougainvillea ta hanyar zubar da iska. Don yin wannan, a daya daga cikin dogon harbe yana yin sautin da yawa. An lalata reshe, an sanya wuraren da aka yanke a gefen ƙasa tare da sashi, sa'an nan kuma an yayyafa shi da ƙasa.
Bayan wani lokaci, kananan harbe zasu fara samuwa daga buds. Bayan rassan sun fi karfi, ana iya rabu da ita daga tsire-tsire kuma an dasa su zuwa sabon wuri.
Dama kayan haɓaka
Mafi sau da yawa a gida bougainvillea yaduwa ta yankan. A cikin bazara, za ka iya amfani da rassan da suka rage bayan pruning, a lokacin rani harbe domin wannan dalili ana yanke musamman.
A kan gwaninta 10 cm tsawo, an yi incision a karkashin toho, da ƙananan ganye an cire kuma tsoma a cikin wani girma stimulator. Bayan haka, an sanya reshe a cikin ƙasa mai tsabta a wani kusurwa na 45% a 2-3 internodes.
Matsakaici mafi kyau ga rushe shinge zai zama cakuda yashi, kwalba da spossu. Yanayin zazzabi ya kamata a kusa da 20-25 ° C. Har ila yau, bukatar matsakaici watering da diffused haske. Ya kamata ku rika raka takunkumi tare da ruwa da iska.
Shin kuna sani? Mafi tsire-tsire da aka dasa a cikin ƙananan greenhouses tare da shan damuwa.
Cututtuka da kwari
Mafi sau da yawa, irin wannan kwari kamar yadda gizo-gizo na mites, aphids, da mealybugs ya damu. Don hana kamuwa da cuta, ya kamata ku cire turbaya daga cikin ganyayyaki lokaci-lokaci, da kuma cire fayiloyen ganye da inflorescences.
Lokacin da aka gano kwari, an cire sassan jikin da aka shafa, an yi amfani da shirye-shiryen kwari masu dacewa.
Lafiya mai tsabta a tushen zai haifar da ci gaban cututtukan fungal. Saboda haka, yana da muhimmanci a kiyaye tsarin mulkin ban ruwa da kuma kauce wa maimaita ƙasa.
Bougainvillea tare da kulawa mai kyau da kuma haifuwa za su ji dadin furanni.
