Seedlings tumatir a gida

'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu lafiya suna haifar da ingantaccen girbin tumatir. Kuma tun da yake sun shahara sosai tsakanin yawan jama'a, sun banbanta da yawancin kaddarorin masu amfani, adadi mai yawa na 'ya'yan itace da daddaɗa, daidaituwar girma tumatir babban lamari ne mai mahimmanci.

Yawancin mazauna bazara saboda rashin ƙwarewa da ilimin da ya dace suna yawan yin kuskure yayin sayayya ko girma. Wanne mara kyau ya shafi ci gaban tsirrai da kara fruiting.

Lokacin sayen ƙananan ƙwayar cuta, yana da wahala sosai a tantance ingancinsa. Daukaka da kore kore sau da yawa yana haifar da ra'ayi na yaudara. Mutanen da suka yanke shawarar dasa tumatir da hannuwansu suna da damar da za su zaɓi tsaba masu mahimmanci.

Kwanakun dasa tumatir na shuka

An rarraba nau'ikan tumatir zuwa kashi uku:

• farkon farfadowa - daga kwanaki 90 zuwa 100;
• tsakiyar lokacin - daga 110 zuwa kwanaki 120;
• marigayi ripening - har zuwa kwanaki 140.

Ana nuna lokacin yin girki a kan fakitin. Don ƙayyade kwanan fara saukowa, ƙara zuwa kwanaki 10-15. Wannan lokacin ya zama dole don karbuwa ta al'ada. Lokacin yin lissafi, kuna buƙatar mayar da hankali kan shawarwarin masu lambu da ƙwararrun masu shuka. Lokacin zabar nau'ikan da suka dace, kuna buƙatar mayar da hankali kan yanayin yanayi.

Kwanakun yankuna daban-daban

Wani muhimmin mahimmanci shine ranar saki. Don cimma kyakkyawar germination, ya zama dole don siyan tsaba waɗanda aka shuka fiye da shekaru 2 da suka gabata.

Shiri kasar gona don shuka iri don shuki

Tumatir ba sa girma sosai a kan ƙasa na acidic. Don rage kwantar da pH, suna ƙara lemun tsami, superphosphates ko takin gargajiya. Kasar gona tana farawa kwanaki 7-10 kafin dasa shuki. Duniya ta gurbata ta da ƙwayoyin potassium. Soilasar da ake amfani da ita don shuka tumatir dole ne a samin wuta. Ana iya yin wannan a cikin tanda ko steamed a cikin wanka na ruwa.

Masana sun ba da shawarar ɗaukar ƙasa daga wani yanki wanda daga baya za'a dasa shuki a ciki. Wannan zai sauƙaƙe tsarin karbuwa. Lokacin amfani da samfurin da aka saya, tsarin aiwatar da zane yana jinkirtawa sosai.

Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don gaurayawar ƙasa, daga cikinsu ana rarrabe abubuwan haɗin abubuwan da ke gaba:

• peat, mullein, turf ƙasar;
• steamed sawdust, mullein, peat;
• turf ƙasar, peat, humus.

Componentsarin abubuwan da aka haɗa sun hada da: yashi kogin, urea, ammonium nitrate, potassium sulfate, superphosphate, ash, potassium chloride.

Aiwatar da ƙasa da aka saya, dole ne a kiyaye waɗannan nuances:

• Babban sinadaran a cikin cakuda ƙasa shine peat. Abun da ke ciki an san shi ta hanyar kayan da ake amfani da shi sosai.
• Don cimma sakamako mai kyau, kuna buƙatar haɗa ƙasa da aka samo tare da kayan abinci mai gina jiki.
• Don rage yawan acidity, ana iya amfani da alli na alkama ko garin dolomite.
• Ana amfani da takin Potash ko nitrogen nan da nan kafin dasa shuki.

Tankunan seedling

A matakin farko, ana shuka tumatir a cikin ƙaramin akwati. Bayan an sanya tsire-tsire a cikin kofuna daban. Hanyar ta dogara ne akan abubuwan da aka zaɓa na mazaunin bazara, sarari kyauta da yawan seedlings.

Har zuwa ƙarshen farkon matakin, tsire-tsire na iya zama cikin kwali-kwali waɗanda a baya suna ruwan 'ya'yan itace ko madara. Don ƙirƙirar akwati ba ya ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa. Bayan ɗaukar hoto, ya kamata a sanya seedlings a cikin kwantena masu girma. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine tukwane na ƙananan peat. Daga cikin gazawarsu suna haskaka babban farashi da buƙataccen adadin filin kyauta. Zurfin drawers kada ta kasance ƙasa da 8 cm.

Ana shirya tsaba don shuka

Don samun girbi mai yawa, dole ne a lalata ƙwayar iri. Don yin wannan, bi wani algorithm:

• Ana sanya tsaba a cikin cheesecloth.
• Shirya maganin warwarewa. Don samun ruwan, ana ɗaukar 2.5 g na potassiumgangan a gilashin ruwan dumi.
• Sanya zuriya a ciki. An bar shi a wurin tsawon rabin sa'a (ba ƙari).
• Wanke tumatir tsaba tare da ruwa mai gudu.
• Kula da bushewarsu.

A mataki na gaba, tumatir da aka zaɓa sun fashe. Don yin wannan, an sanya su a kan filastik tire. A matsayinka na tsayawa, zaka iya amfani da saucer na al'ada. Ana sanya tsaba a cikin jakar filastik ko a tawul ɗin takarda. A kowane hali, dole ne a kiyaye su daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Don hana bushewa a waje, ana fitar da iri a kai a kai. Yankunan da basu yi tsiro ba ba da shawarar a shuka su ba.

Don haɓaka germination, ana amfani da abubuwan haɓaka haɓaka (Epin, Zircon ko wasu). Jiƙa iri na tsawon minti 30. Hakanan ana amfani da magungunan ƙwayoyin jama'a (zuma, ruwan 'ya'yan aloe - 1 tsp a 200 g).

Kulawar Seedling a gida

Kwalaye tumatir yawanci ana sanya su a kan hasken rana windows. Tebur a ƙarƙashin halayen da ake tsammani ba za a yi aiki ba. Idan ya cancanta, zaku iya gina fasalin da aka tsara don ƙarin hasken wuta.

Lingsa Seedan itace suna buƙatar ciyarwa na yau da kullun, shayarwa, daukana, bugun zuciya, samun iska. Bayan saukowa a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, an inganta jerin matakan agrotechtey ta hanyar hawa dutse da kuma kirkirar daji.

Yanayin girma

Daukana seedlings

Furen ganye na farko yayi girma a kan kara bayan kwana 7-10. Bukatar ɗaukar hoto ya tashi idan mazaunin bazara ya shuka tsaba da yawa a cikin akwatin guda. Amincewa da ƙa'idodi masu mahimmanci, za a iya yin watsi da zaɓin farko. Na biyu hanya ne da za'ayi makonni biyu bayan dasa. A lokacin, ana motsa seedlings a cikin kofuna, girman wanda ya wuce 200 ml. A wannan yanayin, suna jagora ta hanyar dabara mai sauƙi: inji ɗaya yana buƙatar 1 lita na abubuwan ƙirar ƙasa.

Sprouts suna canjawa daga wannan ganga zuwa wani tare da ƙasa. Akasin mashahurin mashahuri, toshe babban tushe haramunne. In ba haka ba, ci gaban al'adu za a jinkirta mako ɗaya.

Idan aka bar tsire a cikin ƙananan ƙananan kayan aiki, yawan aiki zai ragu sosai.

Seedling hardening

Godiya ga wannan hanya ta agrotechnical, tumatir za su fi haƙuri da mummunan tasirin canjin zafin jiki, hasken rana kai tsaye da maɗaukaki mai ƙarfi. Wuya yana farawa kwanaki 15 kafin dasawa. Jirgin sama na farko baya ɗaukar sama da awanni 2. Lokaci na matakan da ke biye yana ƙaruwa a hankali. A mataki na karshe, ana fitar da tsire-tsire a cikin babban faranti. A wannan lokacin, tsayin dakansa yakai kusan 35 cm.

Saukowa a cikin ƙasa bude ne da za'ayi a kusa da farkon Yuni, a cikin dan kadan kadan a farkon. A wannan lokacin, lokacin farin ciki, mai kauri, ganyayyaki masu girma-sun girma a cikin tumatir. Akwai fasahar saukowa biyu na ƙasa: a tsaye da kwance. Ana amfani da hanyar ƙarshen don tsire-tsire waɗanda ke da tushen tushen ƙarfi. Kafin sauka, kuna buƙatar tono ramuka masu zurfi. Roaurajewar da aka toka a ciki bayan an gama ramuka. Yakamata ya zama aƙalla cm 30 tsakanin harbe.da yawa suna amfani da gadaje na tururi. Tare da taimakon irin wannan tsarin hanzarta samar da tumatir.

Cututtuka da kwari na seedlings

Tare da kulawar da ta dace game da tsiron, haɗarin cututtuka ba su da yawa. Sabili da haka, lokacin da bayyanar cututtuka suka bayyana, ya kamata a bincika hanyar ayyukan ayyukan gona.

Mr. Dachnik yayi kashedin: kurakurai lokacin shuka

Shuka tumatir baya buƙatar tsadar kayan masarufi. Idan babu kwarewa, wadannan matsaloli na iya faruwa:

• wuce kima elongation na sprouts - isasshen adadin hasken rana;
• taro fall of seedlings - m shuka;
• rage jinkirin girma na seedlings - bambance-bambancen zafin jiki;
• canzawa a cikin inuwar ganye - yunwar nitrogen, hasken mara kyau;
• saurin bushewa da mutuwa - danshi mai yawa ko isasshen danshi.

Don girma tumatir, mazaunin bazara dole ne ya sami ƙwarewar asali.

Kafin dasawa, ya kamata a kula da wuri da iri. Lokacin sayen seedlings, ya kamata ku kula da yanayin tushen tsarin. Karkashin dukkan halaye da buƙatun, sabo ne tumatir zai bayyana akan tebur a ƙarshen Yuni.