Dahlias - dasa shuki da kulawa a cikin ƙasa buɗe

An ba da sunan al'adun don girmamawa ga ƙwararren masani, furodusa da kuma na gari daga St. Petersburg I. Georgi. Akwai nau'ikan tsire-tsire 13 sanannu, waɗanda sun kasu kashi 15,000 iri. Al'adar tana da tsari mai kyau na sashin daji kuma ana santa da yawancin fure a lokacin bazara. Don samun kyawawan fure dahlias, dasa da kulawa a cikin filin dole ne a yi shi daidai da wasu ƙa'idodi.

Halin halaye na dahlias: iri da iri

Yana da matukar yiwuwar raba al'adun cikin shekara-shekara dahlias (dasa a cikin furannin furanni don yin ado da verandas) da perennial dahlias (sanya a cikin lambuna da gadaje na fure). Kowace ƙungiya tana da halaye na kanta waɗanda suka danganci ka'idodin dasa, bayyanar da kulawa.

Flowering dahlias

Bushes perennika ne sosai tsayi da lush. Zasu iya girma a wuri guda fiye da shekaru 2. Onean shekara ɗaya suna da siffofin kanana (galibi tushen ciyawar ciyawa), ana shuka su azaman kayan adon ɗan lokaci.

Iri iri daban-daban

Wani bambanci shine siffar fure, wanda ke ƙayyade manyan ƙungiyoyin iri:

• Mai sauƙi - ya ƙunshi layi na 1 na fure da kuma cibiyar buɗewa. Fuskar waje tana kama da rigar launi. Base iri: Princess Marie Jose, Yellow Hammer, Orangeade.
• Annemone-mai siffa - suna da layuka da yawa na marginal da filayen ciki. Haɗa nau'ikan irin su Lucy, Vera Higgins, Comet.
• Kwala - suna da layi daya na fure maras na ciki da na ciki, da sifar saƙar. Iri: La Gioconda, Chimborazo, Claire de Luna.
• Siffar-siffa. Sunan ya cika daidai da bayyanar. Mafi mashahuri nau'ikan sune: Symphonia da Fascination.
• Ungiyar kayan ado - waɗanda aka wakilta da David Howard, Thames Valley, Jocondo.
• Spherical - Krichton zuma, Doreen Hayes da Esmondе.
• Pompoms - ya banbanta da launuka daban-daban, wanda a ciki ba wai kawai launin shuɗi ne kawai ba. Iri: Hallmark, Willo's Violet da Noreen.
• Cactus - Ziyarar, Danny, Pirouette, Doris Day.
• Semi-Cactus - Mood Rawaya, Farin Fawut, Nantenan, Wuta ta kaka.
• Nymphaea - ana kiransu lotus-like saboda kamanceceniya da fure iri ɗaya. Babban nau'ikan: Geri Hawk, Genetta da Brushstrokes.

Iri na shekara-shekara

Mixedungiyoyin da aka haɗu suna da mafi yawan nau'ikan iri.

Shuka shuka

Dahlias, dasa da kuma kulawa wanda aka za'ayi bisa ga makirci mai sauƙi, Bloom kusan duk lokacin bazara har zuwa ƙarshen kaka. Don cimma rikici na launuka, yana da mahimmanci a dasa furanni daidai.

Tsarin shuka

A tsaba ana shuka su ne musamman dah shekara-shekara. Wannan tsire-tsire na herbaceous yana da tsari mai kyau na sassan m. Gangar jikin ya kai 30-40 cm a tsayi. Irin wannan hybrids Bloom profusely kuma na dogon lokaci, dace da girma a cikin flowerpots.

Shuka shuka

Yadda za a dasa dahlias tare da tsaba:

1. Zaɓin wuri. Al'adar tana kaunar rana ne, saboda haka kuna buƙatar sanya shi a cikin wani fili.
2. Za'ayi shuka ne a watan Mayu. Itace tana son zafi, saboda haka kuna buƙatar mayar da hankali kan yanayin.
3. Shirya ƙasa. Zai dace da zaɓar ƙasar loamy. Slightlyasa mai ɗan acidic ko tsaka tsaki ta dace. Da farko kuna buƙatar yin takin da takin ma'adinai.
4. Soaking tsaba. Suna buƙatar a tsoma su cikin maganin na kashe-kashe don kare kan cututtuka da lalata.
5. A kan shimfiɗaɗɗen ƙasa, yi tsagi 2-3 cm zurfi a nesa na 30-40 cm daga juna.
6. Yada tsaba a cikin tsagi a nesa na 30 cm cm 1. Yayyafa kayan dasawa tare da ƙasa kuma zuba.
7. Don saurin haɓaka germin, ana buƙatar rufe gado tare da fim ko gilashi. Lokacin da farkon harbe ya bayyana a cikin makonni 2-3, an cire mafaka.

Sprouted seedlings

Lokacin shuka tsaba a cikin akwati, algorithm na ayyuka iri ɗaya ne. Gaskiya ne, alamar zata iya farawa a cikin Maris-Afrilu, kamar yadda za a yi germination a cikin yanayin greenhouse ko a gida.

Dasa shuka

Lokacin dasa shuki seedlings, kuna buƙatar zaɓar yankuna na musamman na rana, amma an kiyaye shi daga zane-zane da iska. Dole ne a hadad da kasar gaba da kyau kuma a kwance ta sosai. An shuka tsiro a cikin ƙarshen Mayu ko farkon Yuni.

Tsarin dasa shuki:

1. Shirya rijiyoyin. Zurfin da nisa ya kamata yayi daidai da girman tushen tsarin seedling. Nisa tsakanin recesses dole ne a yi aƙalla 40 cm.
2. Sanya ciyawar a kwance kuma a nitse har sai an yayyafar da wuya a dunƙule 3-5 cm.
3. Ba a sami ruwa sosai ba.
4. Tare da rufe fim har sai yawan zafin jiki da daddare ba ya zube kasa da 10 ° C.

Seedlings a cikin ƙasa bude

Furen yana girma da sauri, saboda haka kuna buƙatar saka idanu akan fim ɗin gabaɗaya. In ba haka ba, gangar jikin ta lalace kuma za'a same ta a sarari dangane da ƙasa.

Watering da kwance ƙasa

Bayan dasa, kula dahlias ya haɗa da shayar da shuka da kuma kwance ƙasa. Yadda za a yi daidai:

1. Lokacin da ɓangaren da ke sama zai sami tsawo na 10-12 cm, ya zama dole don aiwatar da sama. A kewaye da akwati don samar da tudu. Wannan zai taimaka matuka wajen barin karin harbe.
2. Ruwa yana gudana ne sau ɗaya a mako, saboda al'ada tana da fari mai tsauri. Ya kamata ƙasa ta jike 30 cm zurfi. Daga tsakiyar watan Agusta, ba a dakatar da ban ruwa na wucin gadi ba.
3. Bayan kowace ruwa, kuna buƙatar sabunta tudun a kusa da akwati kuma ku kwance ƙasa a cikin rami. Wannan zai taimaka kare tsarin tushen daga lalata da kuma tabbatar da iskar oxygen.

Watering mai shuka

Don hana ƙasa ta bushewa, zaku iya saka ciyawa a cikin rami. Amma kar a kwashe ku - ya kamata Layer ya zama kaɗan. Lokaci-lokaci, kuna buƙatar cire ciyawa don bar iska ta kuma kwance ƙasa.

Baya ga shayarwa da kuma kula da kasar gona, samuwar tallafi ga bushes ya kasance doka mai mahimmanci. Dalilin danshi ana tura shi cikin kasa yayin dasa shuki. Kar ku manta game da danyen karin rassan da ganyayyaki.

Hanyoyin kiwo

Dahlia na iya yin asali ta hanyoyi guda biyar. Kowane zaɓi yana da fa'ida da rashin amfani, kuma ba a amfani da wasu. Hanyar yaduwa:

• Raba da tubers. Zaɓin mafi sauƙi, wanda zai adana duk halayen mahaifiyar daji. A cikin kaka, kuna buƙatar cire tubers daga ƙasa, wanke, cire tushen mutu kuma ku raba tubers da hannuwanku. Kowane ƙwayar tarin fuka sakamakon rarrabuwa ya kasance yana da kodan biyu.
• Alurar riga kafi ba abu ne mai yawa ba, amma ingantaccen irin haifuwa ne. A cikin tsohuwar tuber, yi rami a siffar conical. Nuna kuma saka lafiya sprig na dahlias a cikin tuber. Kunsa yankin haɗin tare da auduga. Shuka maganin a ƙasa.
• Shuka tsaba. Wannan zaɓi na haifuwa yana ba ku damar samun sabuwar shuka gaba ɗaya (ba a adana haruffa masu juna biyu ba). Lokacin da furen ya fara bushewa, kuna buƙatar yanke shi kuma bushe shi a cikin ɗakin. Na gaba shine tarin kayan dasawa da kayan kwalliya har sai lokacin bazara.
• Yankan. Hanyar ta sa ya yiwu a sami tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi tare da tsayayya da cutar. A farkon Maris, ana shuka tubers masu lafiya a cikin akwati. Dacewar da ta dace da kulawa. Lokacin da tubers ya yi girma, ciyawar za ta bayyana. Bayan bayyanar 2-3 internodes a kan rike, ana iya yanke shi. Shigar da fure a cikin kwandon yashi.
• Tattaunawa suna ba da zarafin samun sabon salo. Yanke reshen fure kuma dasa a cikin tukunya daban. A hankali rage ruwa kuma bada izinin twig ya bushe. Don hunturu, sanya akwati a cikin ɗaki mai yawan zafin jiki na 6 ° C. A cikin bazara, ci gaba da ruwa don dasa daji a cikin ƙasa bude a cikin Mayu.

Hanyoyin kiwo

Godiya ga hanyoyin kiwo daban-daban, zaku iya samun yawancin matasa bushes kawai, amma kuma sababbin sababbin nau'ikan.

Da takin mai magani da takin zamani

Domin daji ya yi fure mai nishaɗi kuma kar a sami karin kwari, a lokacin girma kakar ya zama dole don samar da kayan miya na lokaci-lokaci. Yi aikin aƙalla sau 2 a wata. Domin shuka ya karbi dukkanin abubuwanda suke bukata, dole ne a sake yin amfani da takin mai magani da takin gargajiya.

Kamar yadda takin gargajiya ke amfani da jiko na mullein, taki kaza, nitonium nitrate. Dajin zai yi girma idan, lokacin da farkon farkon buds biyu suka bayyana, an kara superphosphates ko takin potash. Hakanan, ana buƙatar dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai takin ƙasa. Yana da mahimmanci kar a overdo da takin, don kada su lalata fure.

Shuka dasa

Kuna buƙatar dasa shuka a cikin shekaru 3 ko maye gurbin gaba ɗaya ƙasa a cikin rami. Wannan zai taimaka kare shuka daga cututtuka da kwari. Mafi kyawun lokacin don yanayin shine bazara. Tushen tushen bai riga ya shiga cikin matakan ci gaba mai aiki ba, saboda haka, matsalolin tushe ba zai tashi a nan gaba ba.

Don dasawa kana buƙatar:

1. Tona sama da tuber, bi da asalinsu.
2. Jiƙa da canja wuri abu a cikin maganin taɓi ko wanke daga tsohon ƙasa.
3. Matsa zuwa sabon rami da magudana.
4. Ruwa da tsire-tsire masu dasawa.

Shuka dasa

Shinge Dahlia

Don samun manyan furanni masu launuka masu haske a kan bushes, kuna buƙatar ba kawai kula da ciyar da kullun ba, har ma ku sami damar kafa daji. Cropping shine mafi kyawun zaɓi:

• Matsakaicin mai tushe uku ya rage a daji.
• A kan sandunan furanni, an cire karin fure, a bar 1-2.
• Hakanan an cire bushewar fure da iri.
• A cikin nau'ikan tsayi, rassan gefen ma an yanke.

Samuwar daji ya ci gaba a duk lokacin bazara, daga lokacin da farfajiyar suka bayyana har zuwa ƙarshen kaka. Bugu da ƙari, bushes ɗin buƙatar buƙatar ɗaure shi kuma a tsaftace shi don tallafi.

Karin kwari da cututtuka

Kulawar da ta dace, lokacin shayarwa da kuma sanya riguna na zamani na hana kwari, amma wani lokacin har yanzu sun mamaye shuka. Mafi sau da yawa, lambun da ke da irin wannan furanni ana ziyartar su ta hanyar shimfidar wutsiya da kayan kunne.

Don kare bushes a cikin kwanakin zafi, suna fesa tare da shirye-shiryen kwari. Wannan zai taimaka don adana ganyayyaki da furanni daga matafila, ciyayi, ticks.

Matsalar ganye

Mafi yawan duka, aphid yana damun dahlias, wanda aka shimfiɗa a cikin ramin ganye, wanda ke kan mai tushe da baya na farantin ganye. Zaka iya kubutar da kanka daga kwaro kawai ta amfani da maganin sabulu azaman mai murza leda.

Lokacin fure da kulawa a wannan lokacin

Furannin furanni Dahlia ba kawai kyawawan launuka bane, har ma suna buƙata. A lokacin furanni, shuka yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman.

Yadda ake kulawa dahlias yayin lokacin furanni:

• Ninki biyu na yawan ruwa.
• Cire wilted buds da bushe ganye.
• Ickauki ƙarin karin fure a kan goge na fure.
• Ciyar da takin gargajiya.

Al'adu na sauka

Wasu bukatun na iya tashi saboda yanayin iri-iri.

Shirye-shiryen hunturu

A watan Satumba na, da mai tushe fara Fade, kuma bayan na farko frosts canza launi. Wannan shine cikakkiyar lokacin tsabtacewa.

Don shirya furen don hunturu, kuna buƙatar:

1. Yanke mai tushe. Tona fitar da tushe.
2. Cire matsanancin ƙasa daga tubers, kurkura su kuma runtse su cikin mafitar potassium na minti 30.
3. Nemo hanyoyin wilted kuma yanke su. Yayyafa yanka tare da carbon carbon foda mai aiki.
4. Bushe da tubers kuma saka su a cikin kwalaye na katako. Sanya amfanin gona a cikin daki inda zafin jiki bai wuce 10 ° C ba.
5. Idan hunturu yana da matsananci, to, an bar tushen a cikin ɗakin. Idan frosts ba mai tsanani ba, to, zaku iya ɗaukar kwalaye a cikin cellar ko zubar.

Tuber ajiya

Idan sprouts bayyana a kan tushen, kana bukatar ka san yadda za a ajiye sprouted Dahlia kafin dasa. Don yin wannan, cika sawdust a cikin akwati kuma a rufe akwati da mayafi.

Yi amfani da zane mai faɗi

Dahlia - wata fure tana da kyau sosai da haske, saboda haka ana amfani da ita sosai a ƙirar ƙasa. Ana dasa furanni akan gadajen fure, samar da gadaje na fure daga garesu, kuma ana amfani dasu don ƙirƙirar shinge.

Amfani da wuri

Al'adar ta haɗu da ban mamaki tare da kusan kowane fure mai girma da tsire-tsire masu girma. Ana iya dasa nau'in shekara-shekara a cikin furannin furanni don yin ado da ƙasa da kuma bude sarari. Don haka gidan cike yake da launuka daban-daban, wanda zai canza daga tsakiyar lokacin rani zuwa ƙarshen Satumba.

Kyakkyawan daji na dahlias

Namo dahlias, da haifuwarsu, matakai ne masu sauki. Al'adar tana da cikakkiyar fassara kuma tana dacewa da kowane irin yanayi. Amma don cimma kyakkyawan furanni, shuka yana buƙatar biyan ƙarin hankali: don ciyar, ba da ruwa da ruwa.