Tsohon iri-iri a cikin sabon yanayi - Moscow Griot Cherry

Na gode wa abubuwan da ke da abincin da ake ci, adiyo ya sami karbuwa a tsakanin masoya da 'ya'yan itatuwa da yawa da kuma jita-jita masu yawa.

Wannan shahararren yana karuwa ta hanyar kwararru ta hanyar haifar da sababbin nau'o'in tare da bincika sababbin halaye na wannan al'ada. Amma ba wanda zai manta da tsofaffi ko dai, musamman ma tun da yake suna da aminci ga mutumin.

Saboda haka "tsofaffi", amma har yanzu yana da horarwa a cikin lambuna na Rasha, shi ne ceri Griot Moskovsky, za a samo bayanin da aka saba da kuma hoto na 'ya'yan itace a kasa.

Tarihin kiwo da yankin kiwo

A cikin shekarun 1950, a cikin Soviet Union, wanda aka tilasta masa magance matsalolin matsalar abinci na zamani, an kaddamar da masana kimiyya don bunkasa irin albarkatun gona da zasu iya samar da kyakkyawan amfanin gona a cikin yanayi mai wuya.

Ɗaya daga cikin masana kimiyyar da ke aiki a kan wannan aikin shine likitan kimiyyar halitta. Khasan Enikeev (1910-1984).

Mutumin da ya yarda da binsa kuma yana mai da hankali ga koyarwar Michurin, sai ya zama, kamar yadda suka ce, a cikin ɗansa, tun da shekaru masu yawa kafin ya kasance na musamman a tsirrai hunturu-iri-iri iri-iri da kuma ceri.

Mawallafin 'yan' ya'yan itatuwa iri-iri sun sanya matsayinsa na kimiyya don samar da irin wadannan albarkatun gona, wadanda 'ya'yan itatuwa zasu sami kyakkyawan halayen halayen.

A shekara ta 1959 a Zagorje dake kusa da Moscow, a kan gonakin gwajin gwagwarmaya na Cibiyar Kasuwanci da Cibiyoyin Harkokin Noma da Nursery, Farfesa Enikeev ya kawo sababbin iri-iri a lokacin - Moscow Griot.

An samo albarkatun Bush tare da karuwar yawan amfanin ƙasa ta hanyar cloning a Turai Oustgeymsky na Turai.

Bisa ga ainihin sassanta, an shirya reshe na Moscow na Griotov don rarraba yankin da ke nesa da yankin kudancin Moscow.

Amma gonar da sauri ta yada zuwa yankunan kudancin Rasha. Ƙungiyar Kasashen Duniya ba da Baƙi da Tsakiyar Tsakiya ta Duniya ta Ƙasar Rasha. A wa annan wurare, irin waƙoƙin irin su Vianok, Generous da Lebedyanskaya suna da kyau.

A 1959 Griot Moskovsky ya shiga cikin Jihar Register. Daga tsakiyar shekarun 1960, an aika da nau'ikan da aka gabatar don gwaje-gwaje iri-iri.

Bayyanar ƙwarƙwara mai suna Moskovsky

Wadannan siffofin tsarin jinsi na jinsuna suna da muhimmanci a cikin wannan ceri:

Tree

Dangane da matsakaiciyar layi 'ya'yan itace. Girma a matsakaita a cikin girma zuwa tsawo na 2.5 - 3 m. Lubskaya, Novella da Minx sun bambanta da matsayinsu na ciki.

A daidai wannan lokaci, an kafa kambi mai laushi mai ƙyatarwa, wanda, a matsayin mai mulkin, a waje yana da siffar kama-karya.

Harbe. Abin da ya fi dacewa. Yi furcin wiltedness.
Bar. Suna halin da girman girman. Bambanci daban-daban. Yankunan gefe dvuyakotupopilchatye. Launi - haske mai haske, rubutun matte.

'Ya'yan itacen

Daban-daban matsakaicin da kuma fiye da girman kai.

A talakawan ceri na wannan iri-iri weighs daga 3 zuwa 3.5 grams, a cikin lokuta masu yawa, 'ya'yan itace na iya samun nau'in kilo 5.

Ya kusan siffar da aka yi daidai.

Launi na launin fata mai launin fata ya bambanta daga launin duhu zuwa ga baki baki, yayin kuma a lokaci guda kawai ana iya ganin aibobi masu tsaka-tsalle a fili. Rossoshanskaya Memory of Vavilov Har ila yau yana da 'ya'yan itatuwa irin wannan.

A karkashin fata shi ne ɓangaren litattafan almara mai launi ja, mai arziki a ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Ƙananan zagaye kashi ba abu mai sauƙin raba shi daga ɓangaren litattafan almara.

Bugu da ari a cikin hoto labarin da za ku ga abin da Griot Moskovsky iri-iri ceri kama da kuma bayanin irin halayyar.

Hotuna

Halaye na iri-iri

Wanda aka kira Cherry Griot Moscow yana da amfani da aikace-aikace na duniya. Girka yana daidai da cinyewa a cikin sabon nau'i kuma a cikin hanyar abinci (jam, jams, da dai sauransu). Ana nuna bambancin aikace-aikace ta wannan zamani, Volochaevka da Mayak.

Hanyoyinta na da zuwa iri iri-iri - mafi girma yawan category cherries. A wasu kalmomi, wannan iri-iri ba za su iya takin ta hanyar yin amfani da kansu ba.

Wannan yana nufin cewa don ci gaban al'ada da 'ya'yan itace kusa da Moscow Griot yana da muhimmanci don dasa bishiyoyi masu nauyin kai. Don haka, Pink, Vladimirskaya, Shubinka, Shpanka Kurskaya, Orlovskaya Early da kwalban wasu nau'in sun dace.

Bishiyoyi na Moscow Griot rayuwan shekaru 16-18. M 'ya'yan itace zai fara a shekaru 4 ko 5 bayan dasa.

Tare da dukkan cikakkun abubuwan da ake bukata na agronomic da kuma kula da wannan amfanin gona, yana iya matsakaici mafi girma a cikin 15-17 kg daga itace.

Amma a cikin aikin, yawancin yawan amfanin ƙasa ya fi ƙasa, yana motsawa cikin 8-9 kg daga itace, wanda shine kimanin nau'i takwas na yawan amfanin ƙasa a kowace hectare.

Kamar yadda muka gani a sama, an tsara wannan nau'in don tsakiyar Rasha, halin yanayin yanayi, ba zafi mai zafi ba kuma mai tsananin sanyi da tsananin zafi tare da duk sakamakon da ya shafi al'adun thermophilic.

A sakamakon sakamakon da aka yi niyya, Griot Moskovsky ya juya a cikin kwatanta da tarihinta. fiye da taurarin hunturu. Bisa ga lura, yawanci yakan yi haƙuri da Rasha sosai sosai.

High sanyi juriya ne nuna ta iri Nadezhda, Tsarevna, a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar na Enikeeva.

Duk da haka, idan yanayin sanyi ya auku, zai iya haifar da daskarewa na tushen tsarin, rassan da 'ya'yan itace buds. Saboda haka, wani lambu wanda ke tsiro wannan nau'in a cikin mãkircin ya kamata ya kasance da wannan alama a hankali kuma ya dauki matakai masu dacewa.

Cherry Griot Moscow yana nufin iri iri iri. 'Ya'yanta, mafi yawan lokuta suna tasowa a kan harbe na farkon shekara ta rayuwa, su ne al'ada ripen a cikin lokaci daga 15 zuwa 20 Yuli. Alamar ɗaya ita ce Ashinskaya Steppe da Lubskaya sun nuna.

Gwanon 'ya'yan itace cikakke sun zama mai dadi, tare da jin dadi. Mahimmanci, ana amfani da 'ya'yan wannan nau'ikan don amfani da teburin sabo. Amma sau da yawa wannan ƙudan zuma kuma ana sarrafa shi a cikin juices kuma ya kare.

Saboda karuwar juiciness don ɗaukar shi, musamman ma a yawancin yawa, yana da muhimmanci tare da kulawa mai kyau.

Game da yawan yawan abubuwan da ke cikin asali, "hoto" na Griot Moskovsky yayi kama da wannan:

Dasa da kulawa

Don ci gaban al'ada na shuka dukkanin nuances suna da muhimmanci. Nasara a cikin noma na Griot Moskovsky iri-iri, lafiyarta da karkowa an dage farawa a farkon mataki - mataki na zabar wuri don dasa shuki seedling.

Gidan mai ƙarancin zafi ta yanayi a cikin wurin da za a sami yawan hasken rana.

A lokaci guda, wannan wurin dole ne ya kasance amintacce. an kare shi daga iska sanyi da iskar zafi. A mafi yawan lokuta, irin wannan wuri ne kudancin gefen gonar.

Zai fi kyau shuka itacen a cikin bazara. Idan kunyi haka a cikin fall, to, akwai hadarin cewa matasan da ba su da karfi za su daskare a lokacin sanyi na sanyi.

Idan lambu ya yanke shawarar shuka Griot Moscow a watan Satumba, ana bada shawarar yin amfani da seedling a hankali prikopat.

Yana da mahimmanci don kula da nesa mafi kyau tsakanin seedlings lokacin da dasa.

Tun da wannan iri-iri ne siffar daji, da yarda tsakanin mutane ya kamata ba kasa da 2 m a jere da 2-2.5 m tsakanin layuka.

Sapling ƙasa a cikin rami da diamita na 60 cm kuma zurfin 50-60 cm, inda aka yi amfani da taki a gaba. Ƙasa da aka fitar daga rami an haɗe shi da humus da potassium chloride.

An dasa shukar iri a cikin rijiyar tare da cakuda ƙasa da aka samo Zuba 2-3 buckets na baya kare ruwan sanyi.

Bayan an shayar da ruwa, ƙasa a kusa da kirtani ya kamata Promulchrovat sawdust. A Layer na ciyawa a 2-3 cm ba za ta bari ruwa ya ƙafe, kuma ƙasa busasshe za crack.

A kan pruning yana da daraja ambata, kamar yadda daidai pruning yana da daraja mai yawa. Mun gode da yin haka da kyau, mai lambun na iya, alal misali, gyara gwargwadon sukari da 'ya'yan itatuwa da matakin ƙwayar bishiyoyi, samar da tsire-tsire tare da jimiri da juriya ga cututtuka.

Dole ne a yi horon kambi a nan da nan bayan saukarwa. A wannan yanayin, za a yanke rassan seedling zuwa kashi uku na tsawonsu. Saboda wannan, za a kafa kambi daidai.

A kullum ana yin pruning cherries a spring, kamar 18-20 kafin kafin hutu.

Haka kuma dole ne a yi dangane da marasa lafiya, rassan rassan, tare da manufar thinning kambi girma.

Rashin rassan rassan kuma sunyi nasu idan sun fito da tsayi kuma suna gangara zuwa kasa.

Idan aka samar cikakken pruning, reshe ya kamata a yanke a ainihin tusheba tare da barin bayan aiki ba. Tabbas, an kiyaye rassan ƙarfin mafi girma kuma mafi girma a kan bishiyar.

Cututtuka da kwari

Wannan irin ceri yana da matsananciyar rigakafi zuwa scab. Saboda wannan dalili, wasu shayarwa masu yawa suna amfani dasu don kare lafiyar wannan cuta.

Duk da haka, Moscow Griot, kamar sauran tsoffin iri-iri na cherries, m zuwa cututtukan fungal kamar coccomycosis da moniliasis.

Tabbatar da coccomycosis ya nuna ta hanyar Zhukovskaya, Podbelskaya, Kharitonovskaya da Minx.

Coccomycosis wanda ya haifar da tasiri a kan tsire-tsire na naman gwari Tsarin tsirrai, tare da bayyanar a kan ganyen launin ruwan kasa na farko, sannan kuma manyan launi. A lokaci guda, kasan bishiyoyi yana rufe wani nau'i mai launi mai launin ruwan hoda.

Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci, ana fitar da ganyayyaki da yawa, wanda hakan ya ɓad da shirye-shiryen itacen don hunturu mai sanyi.

Bayan 'yan shekarun nan wannan cuta ya kai ga mutuwar wani ceri.

Tun da figal spores kasance a kan showered ganye, dole ne a cire. Ya kamata kuma tono sama da ƙasa a cikin fall da spring.

Bar da rassan shuka da moniliasis suka shafi sun kone, saboda haka cutar ta hanyar samun ta biyu - monilial ƙona Marasa lafiya harbe ya mutu.

Wani alama na wata cuta mai hatsari shine bayyanar ƙananan girma daga wani inuwa mai launin fata a kan haushi. Haka girmas a kan 'ya'yan itatuwa, a matsayin mai mulkin, nan da nan ya ƙare a cikin rotting.

Zaka iya yakin monilioz tare da bayani na 3% na sulfur ferrous ko Bordeaux cakuda. Suna bi da itacen da ƙasa a kusa da shi a gaban buds toho.

Kamar yadda ƙarin magani za a iya aiwatar. fungicide spraying (1% Bordeaux ruwa) bayan flowering.

Duk da tsofaffiyar shekaru da yawa na Griot Moscow iri-iri, har yanzu yana da kayan ado na kowane tebur na zamani. Sai dai kawai ya yi ƙoƙari.