Increaseara yawan adadin ofa rarean roa rarean itace a cikin wersan kamannin furannin su na amfani da itace. Wannan ita ce hanya mafi kyau ga masu farawa, yana da abin dogara fiye da grafting ko haifuwa ta hanyar sakawa.
Ba duk seedlingsan fure da ke ɗauke da tushe daidai suke ba. Wannan labarin ya gabatar da hanyoyin don samun nasarar root a gida. Su masu araha ne, mai sauki kuma ya dace ba kawai ga furanni daji ba, har ma ga kyaututtukan da aka gabatar a yankan tsari.
A zabi na wardi na itace
Don samun babban tushen kashi, zaɓin kayan abu dole ne yayi daidai. Ba duk nau'ikan da ke ɗaukar tushe daidai suke ba.
Mafi sauki ga daidaitawa lokacin grafting:
- Hawan hawa, musamman waɗanda ke da ƙananan furanni.
- Polyanthus da matasan-polyanthus daidai haihuwa tare da kore harbe a lokacin rani, kuma partially stiffened a cikin kaka.
- Kasa maida hankali ne akan.
- Aturearancin tushe a sauƙaƙe har ma da ruwa.
- Varietiesa'idodin Floribunda suna da tushe a cikin rabin shari'o'in.
Abubuwanda ke fama sune:
- filin shakatawa;
- babban tubular fure;
- gogewa;
- mafi yawan shayi.
Kyan itacen da ya ci nasara shima ya dogara ne akan launin furen. Mafi dacewa sune burgundy, ja, a wuri na biyu ruwan hoda da fari. Mafi wuya ga tushen rawaya, suna da mafi ƙarancin wadatar rayuwa na dasa kayan kuma sun fi yiwuwa wasu sun mutu daga kamuwa da cuta.
Itace girbi
Shank ya kamata ya zama matsakaici a kauri da haɓaka. Shekaru 2-3 da haihuwa tare da manyan adapts na dogon lokaci kuma zasu iya fara jujjuyawa lokacin da suke motsawa cikin ƙasa buɗe. Matasa, yawanci ja, ana kuma watsar da su saboda jinkirin rooting. Ba su da lokacin haɓaka cikakke kafin sanyi da daskarewa a cikin hunturu.
Yawancin lokaci akwai zaɓuɓɓuka 3 waɗanda suka dace da yaduwar itace:
- Kara - mafi kayan gama gari don dasa.
- Lignified - annuals tare da diamita na 0.4-0.5 cm wanda ya isa ya girma kuma ya makale a cikin ci gaba.Wadannan galibi suna haifar da bazara.
- Semi-lignified - cuttings ana aiwatar da su a lokacin rani, ana amfani da tsakiyar ɓangaren harbi.
Idan akwai nau'ikan guda ɗaya ko bushes akan makircin, zaka iya ƙoƙarin yanke harbe tare da toho ɗaya. Amma ya kamata a tuna cewa tsire-tsire masu rauni waɗanda ba a shirya su ba don hunturu na iya girma daga gare su. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine 2-3 internodes, kuma don rawaya shuɗi yana da kyau a bar 4 ko fiye.
Anan ne matakan matakai na shirya cutukan:
- Tsawon lokacin harbi ya kasance akalla 10-18 cm.
- Babban yanke har ma, ana yin shi a kusurwar dama, yana tashi daga takardar zuwa tsayin 0.5-2 cm.
- Daga ƙasa, daidai yake da koda ana auna shi, amma kuna buƙatar yanke shi a wani kusurwa na digiri 45 tare da wuka mai tsabta mai tsabta.
- Cire spikes da ƙananan faranti na ganye. Top datsa rabin tsawon. Wannan zai taimaka wajen kula da danshi a cikin seedling.
Dole ne a saka kayan da aka dafa a cikin ruwa, wanda zaka iya ƙara ƙwayoyi don tushen, alal misali, Hetrauxin. Don wannan manufa, ana amfani da maganin zuma: 1 tbsp. dauki 1 tsp. zuma da wasu yankakken ganye ganye. Ana buƙatar canza ruwan ta kowane kwana 2 kuma tsawon kwanaki 15-20, hatimi mai haske zai bayyana akan ƙananan yanke - kiraus.
Bugu da ari, ana iya dasa iri a kan gadon filawa ko a jira bayyanar da asalin sa.
Rashin kyawun wannan hanyar shine rashin isashshen oxygen don ci gaban da ya dace a cikin yanayin ruwa kuma, sakamakon hakan, lalacewar.
A cikin yankuna masu sanyi lokacin sanyi, bushes girma ta amfani da cuttings tsira da frosts a cikin wani bushe ƙasa da mai kyau iska, haƙa a wani gangara a cikin yashi. Matsakaicin yanayin ajiya shine + 1 ... +3 ° C da gumi 65-70%. Don na gaba kakar, matasa bushes kasance na hunturu a cikin ƙasa bude.
Lokacin katsewar wardi
Wannan lokaci na cuttings ya dogara da yanayin damina, kazalika da ire-iren wardi da kuma halayen samuwar harbe-harbe. A cikin lokacin dumama, sayan kayan shuka da tushensa za'a iya yi sau biyu. Wannan shine tsakiyar lokacin bazara: a watan Afrilu-Mayu a cikin gidajen katako. Da ake bukata ake buƙata ga takamaiman wardi, waɗanda aka fara girma a cikin gidajen kore, sannan kuma girma cikin ƙasa.
Mafi kyawun lokacin kiwo shine a tsakiyar lokacin bazara: ƙarshen Yuni - farkon watan Yuli, lokacin da harbe suke fara ƙarfi. Yawancin lokaci wannan shine lokacin kafin fure, lokacin da buds suka fenti. Yankunan da aka yi amfani da su a baya suna da ƙananan tushen raguwa.
Yawancin lokaci bayan aski na kaka, akwai wasu sassa na bushes da aka jefa cikin tsananin tausayi kuma masu noman fure suna ƙoƙarin adana su don dasa shuki mai zuwa. Don hana daskarewa yawancin harbe da kuke buƙata:
- Cire duk faranti da muryoyin lemu.
- A ɓoye sassan tare da paraffin don hana farkon tsiro.
- Adana cuttings a wuri mai sanyi: ginshiki, cellar ko a cikin ƙananan firiji.
Yankan wardi a lokacin rani
Cuttingsaukar cuttings a cikin bazara lokacin sauki ya fi na kaka. Suna da isasshen lokacin da zasu dace da wurin da aka zaɓa da kuma shimfidar hunturu. Yankunan da aka ɗauka a kwanan baya sun jure sanyi mafi muni. Mafi kyawun lokacin yankan shine Yuni, kuma za'a iya yin saukowa har zuwa ƙarshen Yuli.
An girbe yankan a hanyar da aka bayyana a sama, kuma ana iya dasa su kai tsaye a filin budewa, ba tare da yin amfani da katako ko hotbeds ba. Koyaya, dole ne a zaɓi wani shafi ba tare da iska mai ƙarfi da hasken rana ba.
Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine za'a shimfiɗa haske ta shiga cikin fure ta hanyar rawanin bishiyoyi. Ya kamata ƙasa ta kasance mai kwance kuma ta wuce danshi sosai.
An yanke zurfin a cikin ƙasa a wani kusurwa, a haƙa. A karo na farko, ana buƙatar gidan kore wanda aka yi da filastik filastik daga sama; ana kuma amfani da kwalba na gilashin. Idan an dasa shuki da yawa na wardi, to, an yi ƙaramin kore ne daga goyon bayan katako da polyethylene. Seedlingsauren ba sa buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, ana buƙatar kawai lokacin ruwa.
A cikin hunturu, kananan tsire-tsire suna rufe da kwalba ko hotbed, wanda za'a iya cire shi kawai a cikin kakar mai zuwa - a cikin bazara.
Cutsi na wardi a bazara
Don bazara grafting, ya zama dole don yin greenhouse tare da ƙasa da aka riga aka shirya: daga turf da ƙasa mai yashi, yashi, ash da vermiculite a cikin girman: 2: 2: 1: 0.5: 0.5. Tsawon lokacin da aka yanke na shuka: 10-15 cm.
Lokacin dasawa, ya zama dole don yayyafa ƙananan guntun seedling tare da mai kara kuzari kuma ya zurfafa a cikin ƙasa ta hanyar 7-10 cm. Idan kunyi haƙa mai zurfi, zai rage jinkirin tsarin tushen. Abun fashewa ya kamata ya kasance a nesa na 7-8 cm daga juna.
Lokaci mafi mahimmanci shine kwanaki 15-20 bayan dasawa. A wannan lokacin, ya zama dole don samar da ƙirar tare da yanayin ci gaba:
- Watering matsakaici, ruwa mai wuce haddi zai haifar da lalata.
- Babban zafi 80-90%. Farashin ganye ya kamata a rufe da ruwa na ruwa, don wannan zaka iya amfani da kwalban fesa.
- Kariya daga hasken rana kai tsaye. A yanayin zafi mai zafi, da iska mai zafi, iska ta zama tilas da safe da maraice.
- Bincike mai zurfi don alamun farko na cuta ko lalata.
Bayan tsarin tushen ya bayyana, ana iya dasa bishiyar a cikin wani akwati na ƙaramin 9-12 cm Don inganta kayyakin magudana, saman ɓangaren substrate tare da tsayin 3-3.5 cm ya kamata yashi.
Hanyoyin da ba a sani ba na girma wardi daga cuttings
Ana amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban don tushen. Anan ga wadanda suka yi nasara:
- cikin ruwa;
- amfani da dankali;
- Hanyar Trannoy;
- burrito;
- a cikin jakar filastik.
Dasa tsiron wardi a cikin dankali
Hanyar da ta fi shahara don ɗaukar tushen harbe tana cikin dankali. A cikin yankin da aka zaɓa, wanda aka kiyaye shi daga ɓoye, tono rami mai zurfi na cm cm 15. Don adana danshi a cikin ƙasa, ƙasa yakamata ya cika ta sulusin da yashi. Kwasfa matasa daga idanunsu kuma saka peranin da aka shirya a gaba 20 cm a cikin ramin da aka yi. Sanya dankali a cikin ƙasa a nesa na 15 cm daga juna kuma ku rufe ƙasa da 2/3. Don kwanakin 3-4 na farko, dole ne a rufe tsire-tsire tare da gilashin gilashi.
Amfanin wannan hanyar shine cewa ƙananan yanke shine kullun a cikin yanayin bushewa kuma godiya ga dankalin turawa, fure yana karɓar abinci mai gina jiki da sitaci.
Babban abu shine kar a manta da game da shayarwa na ruwa da sanyaya kasar gona a kowane kwanaki 5 tare da ruwa mai dadi: 200 ml 2 tsp. sukari. Bayan kwanaki 14-15, fara yin taurara, kuma a taƙaice cire tsari. Bayan wani sati 2, ana iya cire gwangwani gaba daya.
Rooting cuttings a cikin kunshin
Sakamakon nebula da babban zafi ana samun sauƙin samu a wata hanya, ta amfani da kunshin. Wajibi ne a saka gansakken ƙwayar sphagnum, wanda aka sanyaya a cikin ruwan 'ya'yan aloe mai narkewa, a cikin rabo na 1: 9 ko maɓallin da aka lalata. To, kumbura polyethylene, ɗaure shi kuma ku rataye shi a kan taga. Bayyanar tushen zai faru ne a cikin kwanaki 30-31. Bayan an yanka itace sai a samu a dasa a tukwane.
Hanyar Burrito
Wannan hanyar da furannin fure ke amfani da ita wannan hanyar tana yin fice sosai a Rasha. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar sau da yawa don cire kayan wardi. Koyaya, ba kowa bane ke ɗaukarsa mai tasiri.
Zaɓin yankan ya zo tare da girki na bazara, kuma harbe da yawa waɗanda yawanci ana aika su da datti na iya zama kyawawan fure a nan gaba. Babban bambancin su daga wasu kayan shuka da aka zaɓa shine kauri, yakamata su zama na bakin ciki. Jagora na iya zama fensir ko yatsa, tsawon yakamata ya zama akalla santimita 15-20. Yana da mahimmanci a guji duk sassan tsirran tare da lahani ko duhu a farkon shiri. Wannan alama ce ta masana'antar kuma sandar guda da ta shafa zata iya cutar da kowa.
Sectionarshen ɓangaren harbe da aka shirya an yayyafa shi da Kornevin ko an bi da shi tare da Epin, kuma an nannade shi a cikin takarda mai laushi kuma saka a cikin jaka. Madadin takarda, zaka iya amfani da masana'anta. An sanya su a cikin wuri mai sanyi tare da zazzabi na + 15 ... +18 ° C na tsawon makonni 2, lokacin da ƙananan Tushen yakamata su tashi.
Sau ɗaya a kowace kwana 7, dole ne a buɗe buɗe kuma a kalle shi don naman naman gwari ko baƙi mai baƙi, waɗanda kuma an cire su. Lokacin bushewa, ana iya ɗanɗana takarda a hankali. Bayan samuwar callus, an cire wardi zuwa gadon filawa domin karin girma da karbuwa.
Hanyar Trannoy
Wannan hanyar ta ƙunshi zaɓar yankan itace bayan babban raunin fure. Masana sun ba da shawarar zabar harbe-tsire na tsire-tsire tare da daskararrun furanni da farantin ganye guda biyu da yanke sashi na tsakiya tare da kumbura, har sai ganye sun fito daga gare su. Babban abu shine kada ku rasa wannan lokacin. Tsawon tsayi ba kasa da cm 20. Duk ganye yana buƙatar yanke, yana barin ma'aurata kawai a cikin sashin na sama.
Shuka kwatankwacin ɗayan shafin da aka zaɓa da dama a cikin rami a digiri 45. A saman kowace ƙungiya kuna buƙatar saka gilashin filastik na 5, tare da yanke wuyansa. Wannan amintaccen kariya ne don dasa kayan zuwa ga daskararru, duk da bayyanar ganye, da sababbin harbe. Don samar da tushen tare da oxygen, ƙasa a kewayen plantings dole ne a kwance. Yana da mahimmanci kada a manta game da shayarwa.
Mr. Maigidan bazara ya ba da shawarar: tushen girke-girke daga bouquet
Mafi sau da yawa, babbar matsalar lokacin yankan fure daga bouquets shine kamuwa da cuta a cikin ƙasa ko akan kara kanta. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci a bi shawarwarin da mutunci, yi amfani da wuka mai gurɓataccen tsumma ko kuma keɓantaccen yanayi, da amfani da magunguna na musamman don tsirrai.
Fure da aka zaɓa don tushen dole ne sabo, tare da mai launin kore mai ɗauka ba tare da duhu ba, fatar ba tare da lalacewa da fasa ba. A farkon aikin, kuna buƙatar shirya shuka: yanke farfajiyar fure da filayen ganye waɗanda ba a buƙatar su.
Yi ruwa don soaking. Zuba 1.5 tbsp cikin akwati. ruwa da zuba fakiti daya na Fitosporin da Kornevin. Na farko zai kare shuka daga kamuwa da kwayan cuta, na biyu zai taimaka wajen samar da tsarin. Don ingantaccen wardi, ana iya rage kashi. Sanya sandunan da aka yanke a wani kusurwa a cikin mafita kuma kiyaye aƙalla awanni 1.5-2.5.
Shirya tukunya ta ƙasa, sayan siyarwa na musamman a cikin shagon, buga waya a wurin da lambun nan ke shirin sanyawa. A cikin ƙasa, yin hutu don rike kuma saka kwamfutar hannu Gliocladin kafin tono. Wannan kwayoyin na zahiri zai kawar da cututtukan da ke iya kasancewa cikin ƙasa. Jin zurfi da shoot, barin biyu buds a saman, zuba tare da mafita m daga steeping da cuttings. Daga sama, zaku iya rufewa tare da kwalban filastik mai cropped, dan kadan zurfafa shi a cikin ƙasa.
Kowace rana, da kore daga tukunya dole ne a cire 1 hour to bar iska ta seedling. Maimaita wannan aikin yau da kullun har sai fure ya ba da tushe. Abu ne mai sauki a gano ta ganyayyakin da ke bayyana a cikin sinuses. Kuna buƙatar ajiye akwati a kan baranda ko loggia, don haka shirya shi don ƙaura zuwa gonar. Zai fi kyau canja wuri zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa tare da dunƙule mai ƙura daga tukunya. Iyakar abin da bambanci tsakanin seedling da sauran: zai buƙaci tsari na biyu don hunturu.
Girma da yaduwar wardi tsari ne mai kayatarwa kuma mai ban sha'awa, godiya ga hanyoyi daban-daban da manoma fure ko gogaggu zasu sami zaɓi da ya dace wa kansu. Yi daidai da aiwatar da umarnin kowane hanyar zai ba ka damar tushen kusan kowane fure da kake so da dasa shi a kan gadon filawa.
