Albasa "Red Baron" na shahara ne don dandano mai kyau, har ma da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Wadannan siffofin sun ba da damar yin amfani da iri-iri iri-iri a cikin mazaunan gida na rani, kuma sun ba da gudummawa ga shuka da ke da matsayi na musamman a cikin manyan amfanin gona. Duk da haka, nau'in albarkatun albarkatun albarkatu basu da sauƙin girma a kan nasu makirci, kamar yadda gonar su ya ƙunshi matakai masu yawa. A cikin wannan labarin za mu dubi bayyane a manyan matakai da kuma manyan magungunan gonar iri iri na "Red Baron", har ma za mu ayyana mahimman ka'idojin noma na kwararan fitila a cikin kayan lambu na zamani.
Bambancin bayanin
"Red Baron" wani nau'i ne mai nauyin noma wanda ke da nauyin samfurori na farko (F1). Wannan yana nufin cewa an shuka shuki ta hanyoyi biyu na iyayen iyaye na homozygous. Kamar sauran sauran dangin Onion (Allium), Bulb iyali (Alliaceae), wannan iri-iri yana da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, amma a cikin aikin noma ya cika tsawon watanni 12.
Shin kuna sani? Albasa suna amfani dasu sosai tun lokacin tsufa. An ambaci sunayen farko da aka shuka wannan shuka a cikin al'adun Masar na zamani, wanda ya koma karni na uku na BC. er
Ganye suna da nau'o'in tubular iri iri, kore ko blue-kore hues. Kamar sauran sauran nau'o'in, inji yana da wani kwanciyar hankali - wani ɓangare na tarin, wadda ke zama tafki don adana ruwa da na gina jiki. Ya ƙunshi wani Layer na bambance-bambance mai ban sha'awa, daɗa da bakin ciki, busassun fim. 
Kwararra yana samuwa a kan abin da ake kira kasa - takaitacciyar tsarin sassauci (kimanin 1-2 cm cikin tsawon). A cikin zurfin Donets, a baya bayan da aka yi amfani da nau'in magnetomial bulles scales, buds suna boye, wanda zai iya ba da ran 'yan mata. Tushen tushen albasa shi ne fibrous, ya ƙunshi nauyin matakan da yawa.
Bincike abin da irin albasa da albarkatun da suke girma da albasarta a fili.
A lokacin girma kakar furanki na iya bayyana a kan shuka, wadda ta kai kimanin 1 m. Hutun ya kumbura kuma m, a cikin ɓangaren sama wani launi mai lamba multicolor ya kafa. Flowers na inflorescence suna located a kan elongated stalks. Ba'a bayyana su da yawa a cikin tabarau, don haka furanni suna da dusar ƙanƙara da fari ko launin fari. Dabbobin Perianth sune fari, suna kunshe da rassan 6 kuma diamita ya kai kimanin 1 cm. Tsire-tsire ya yi girma a farkon rabin rani (karshen Yuni - farkon watan Yuli). Bayan flowering a kan kibiya, akwatin-ɗigon hatsi ya karu, wanda ya ƙunshi kananan nau'in triangular. 
Yana da "Red Baron" da kuma siffofinsa na musamman waɗanda suke taimakawa tsire-tsire su fito fili a kan tushen ɗayan jinsi. Da farko, waɗannan sun hada da:
- mai haske m-inuwa mai haske na kwararan fitila;
- ƙara girman girman bulba (ta hanyar 10-20% zumunta da alaka da iri);
- Tsayin da aka shimfiɗa kuma mai sauƙi;
- damuwa ga yanayin ƙasa da juriya ga fari;
- ƙãra yawan hankali a cikin kwararan fitila na kowane irin phytoncides, microelements, bitamin, flavonoids, ascorbic acid da sauran mahadi.
- high yawan amfanin ƙasa;
- da duniya ta 'ya'yan itace;
- juriya ga fusarium, tushen rot da peronospora;
- karin dandano na kwararan fitila;
- da ikon yin 'ya'ya a kusan kowane yanayin hawan dutse;
- kwararan fitila na da kyakkyawan bayyanar da kyau;
- yawan amfanin ƙasa mai yawa.
Yi ado da kayan amfanin da albasa da girke-girke don amfani da shi a maganin gargajiya.
Abubuwan da aka samu na wannan albasa ba su da samuwa. Sakamakon da ya samu kawai shi ne babban shahararrun mutane tsakanin mazauna kasashen CIS, sabili da haka, a lokacin aikin dasawa yana da wuyar ganowa da kuma samo yawan adadin kayan dasawa. Bugu da ƙari, dangane da irin nauyin 'ya'yan itace mai kyau, yawan tsaba da samfurori na "Red Baron" kuma ya bambanta a wani farashi mai yawa.
Shin kuna sani? A Rasha, an yi amfani da albasarta don magance annoba da dama (typhoid, annoba, kwalara). Don wannan bunch tare da kwararan fitila sun rataye a sasanninta na gidaje. An yi imanin cewa irin wannan ma'auni zai taimaka wajen tsaftacewa da tsabtace iska daga kowane cututtuka.
Halaye na albasa da yawan amfanin ƙasa
"Red Baron" yana nuna tsaka-tsakin wuri, don haka ana iya amfani dasu don samar da kayan lambu mai yawa a gidajen gine-gine masu zaman kansu da kuma dalilai na masana'antu. A cikin yanayin yanayi mai zafi, an yi girbi a cikin kwanaki 90 bayan dasa. Wannan albasa ma bambanta da high yawan amfanin ƙasa. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa na iri-iri shine akalla 2.5-3 kg ta 1 sq. Km. m (kimanin 30 ton na 1 ha). Ko da kuwa yanayin girma, 'ya'yan itatuwa suna da alamun kayan haɓaka mai daraja da dandano, suna dace da amfani da su a cikin tsari mai kyau da kuma kowane irin kayan aiki, kamar adanawa. 
Alamar kwararan fitila:
- matsakaicin nauyin - 20-30 g;
- siffar - zagaye, dan kadan oblate;
- juiciness - high;
- dandano - dadi, Semi-kaifi, tare da kadan haushi.
- yawan bitamin C - har zuwa 6.2 MG / 100 g;
- transportability - high.
Don samun sabbin kayan ganye a duk shekara, muna ba da shawarar ka san da kanka da kwarewa game da girma albasa a kan windowsill.
Zaɓi na dasa kayan
Abu na farko da zai fara tare da namun albasa shine zabi na iri iri. A al'ada, wannan tsire-tsire ta hanyoyi biyu, tare da taimakon tsaba da sevkah. Yawancin lokaci albasa suna girma ta hanyar dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa. Samun kayan dasawa yana farawa ne a tsakiyar Fabrairu. A wannan lokaci, zaka iya sayan kusan kowane adadin kayan shuka na dukkanin fannoni, don haka yawancin lambu suna samuwa a kan yanayi a wannan lokacin na shekara.
Yana da muhimmanci! Dole ne a saya tsaba da shuka a gaba, saboda a cikin babban kakar (rabin na biyu na Maris) akwai yiwuwar rashin samuwa da adadin abin da ake buƙata.
Akwai wadannan sevka masu zuwa:
- kashi kashi 31-40 mm - mafi yawan kwararan fitila da ake amfani dashi don dasa. Mafi yawa an dasa su don samar da albasa albasa;
- kashi-kashi 21-30 mm - kayan da aka yi amfani dashi don saukowa na hunturu da sauƙi don musamman a cikin tsire-tsire a cikin lokacin kaka na shekara. An ba da shawarar shuka irin wannan baka a cikin bazara, kamar yadda sau da yawa ya ba da babbar yawan kibiyoyi;
- kashi kashi 15-20 mm - mafi yawan yawan kayan shuka, an yi amfani dashi duka don karbar gurasar albasa da albasarta, da kuma inganta yawan kwararan fitila. Irin wannan sevka ana kiyaye shi sosai, ba shi da kibiya kuma an bambanta ta high viability;
- kashi na 8-14 mm - ƙananan albasarta, ana amfani da su don samar da ganye da kwararan fitila. Irin wannan sevok babu cikakke ba, amma sau da yawa kyauta.
Bayan da ka yanke shawarar kashi ɗaya daga cikin sassan, dole ne ka dubi yanayin da albasarta ta kasance. Kyakkyawan kayan lambu masu dacewa zasu dace da wadannan bukatun:
- launi mai launi;
- da babu wani stains, mold da lalacewa;
- nau'i mai yaduwa da nau'i na yatsun kwaikwayo (laushi);
- busassun wuri.
Don kare kanku daga kwararan fitila masu kyau, ku ma kuna bukatar kulawa da marufi. Dole ne ya nuna mai sana'a, iri-iri, yanayin ajiya da kwanan ƙarshe don aiwatar da kayan kayan dasa. Bugu da ƙari, ya kamata a biya kulawa na musamman ga ajiyar ajiyar ajiya. Ya kamata a sanya kwararan fitila a cikin wuri mai bushe da kuma ventilated, tare da zafin jiki na + 10 ... +15 ° C da dangi zafi na 70-75%.
Yi ado da kanka da albarkatun albasa na kasar Sin.
Tare da tanadin lokaci mai tsawo, ana iya motsa albasa a firiji, amma a wannan yanayin, sauyawar canji a cikin zafin jiki ana haramta.
Gyara kayan ya kamata a yi amfani da yanayin zafi kadan a cikin kwanaki da dama, kamar yadda kwatsam ya sauko (fiye da 1-2 ° C a kowace rana) zai iya tasiri da tasirinsa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Za a bushe sevok da aka samu a dakin da zafin jiki na kwanaki da yawa, zai kare shi daga yiwuwar lalacewar pathogenic fungi a nan gaba.
Idan kana da girma da albasarta daga tsaba, kana buƙatar kusanci sayan iri tare da rashin kulawa. Abu na farko da ya kamata ka kula shi ne ranar karewa. Tsawanin albasa masu kyau a cikin yanayi mafi kyau (zazzabi + 15 ... +20 ° C, dangi zafi - game da 70%) an adana su fiye da shekaru 2-3.
Har ila yau, tabbatar da kula da lakabin kunshin, ya kamata a yi amfani da duk bayanin da ya dace (iri-iri, lokaci da yanayin ajiya, masu sana'a, halaye na tsaba, iri, da sauransu). 
Dole ne a biya hankali mai kyau a wurin sayan. Ba'a ba da shawarar saya tsaba na hannayen hannayensu ba a cikin kasuwanni maras kyau, tun da akwai yiwuwar samun samfurin iri ko ƙari gaba daya.
Familiarize kanka tare da peculiarities na girma wasu iri albasa: shallot, shnitt, leek, slizun, batun, multi-tiered.
Babban mahimmanci lokacin zabar iri shine mai sana'a. Zai fi kyau saya iri daga masu sana'a da masu tabbatar da su, kamar yadda yawancin kamfanoni masu ƙwarewa ba su kula da ka'idodin dokokin kiyaye daidaituwa na iri-iri (ciki har da masu samar da ƙasashen waje). Dole ne a duba tsaba da aka samu don shuka. Don yin wannan, ɗauki karamin akwati tare da ƙarar lita 50-100, a shimfiɗa takarda ta takarda ko ƙananan gauze. Sa'an nan kuma a saman wani takarda na gauze ko takarda, kana buƙatar saka tsaba 10, sa'an nan kuma ka tsaftace su da ƙananan ruwa da kuma sanya su cikin wuri mai dadi na kwanaki 7-10.
A ƙarshen tsari, an ƙidaya yawan adadin tsaba. Bisa ga bayanan da aka samo, an ƙaddamar da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, wanda ya kamata ya zama akalla 50% (5 daga cikin tsaba 10 ya ba da cikakkiyar tsiro), in ba haka ba ana ƙi tsaba.
Yanayin girma
Albasa sukan kasance cikin tsire-tsire marasa tsirrai, don haka wannan jinsin aikin gona zai haifar da kusan kusan duk inda ba tare da la'akari da yanayin hawan gine-ginen yankin ba. Kyakkyawan tsarin zafin jiki na wannan shuka yana cikin + 12 ... +16 ° C, duk da haka, yanayin ya karu zuwa + 25 ... +35 ° С yana da damuwa ga jikin jiki. Albasa suna da tsayayya ga sanyi, wadannan nau'in 'ya'yan itace suna iya tsayayya sosai da yanayin ruwan zafi yana faduwa zuwa -1 ... -3 ° С.
Albasa - tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire, musamman ma a farkon rabin kakar girma yayin aiki mai girma na kore taro. 
Saboda haka, wannan inji yana buƙatar wajibi ne a kai kullum har sai cikakkiyar samfurin sassa na iska. Daga bisani, an rage gurasar, tun lokacin da aka samo kwanon fitila mai cikakke, inji yana buƙatar karamin kwasfa a kan ƙasa na 'yan centimeters lokacin farin ciki. Makwanni 3-4 kafin girbi, watering ya kamata a tsaya gaba daya, zai taimaka wajen kara girman da kuma nauyin kwararan fitila.
Musamman yana buƙatar iri-iri zuwa wurin namo. Ganye yana buƙatar budewa, wuraren da suke da kyau, daga kowane tsire-tsire masu tsayi, amma duk da haka tare da iska mai sauƙi. Ruwan ƙasa a irin wannan wuri ya kamata ya kwanta a matsanancin zurfin, in ba haka ba zai iya haifar da lalacewa ga ƙwayar kwararan fitila.
Kasar gona da taki
Kamar dukkan albasarta, Red Baron yayi dacewa da kyakkyawar ƙasa mai kyau da mai kyau da tsaka tsaki ko pH alkaline (6.5-7.9). Mafi yawan amfanin gona ana lura a kan ƙasa mai laushi da kyau tare da peat, tare da adadin humus mahadi. Duk da haka, yana yiwuwa a shuka albarkatu masu yawa a ƙasa marasa talauci. A wannan yanayin, wajibi ne don samar da albarkatun ƙasa tare da takin gargajiya.
Yana da muhimmanci! Albasa ba za a yi girma a ƙasa mai nauyi ba, tun da irin wannan kasa yakan samar da tsummoki mai tsabta, wanda sau da yawa yakan rage germination na tsire-tsire.
Don samun nasarar shuka albasa a gonar, kasar gona na bukatar ƙarin taki. Don yin wannan, ga kowane mita mita na makiyaya masu zuwa zai buƙaci 2 buckets na peat, takin ko gurasa, da kuma 1 tbsp. cokali (15-20 g) superphosphate guda biyu da potassium chloride, bayan haka duk abin da ya sa ido a hankali. Za'a iya maye gurbin peat da takin tare da mai kaza (0.2 kg / m2) ko itace ash (0.5 kg / m2). 
Fertilizing sabo ne dung ƙasa karkashin baka ba shi daraja, kamar yadda zai iya haifar da cututtukan fungal na shuke-shuke, kazalika da yaduwar yaduwar tsaba da sauran kwari. Bugu da kari, wajibi ne don kare albasa da kuma daga mahadiyar nitrogen (nitrate, urea, da dai sauransu), tun da yake suna ƙarfafa ci gaba mai girma na kore taro na shuka, kuma ba kwararan fitila ba.
Dole ne a biya bashin da aka biya ga wanda ya riga ya ga albasa. Wannan amfanin gona ya fi dacewa a bayan wasu da ake buƙatar babbar adadin kwayoyin taki. Wadannan sun haɗa da: kabeji, kabewa, zucchini, kokwamba, tumatir, farkon dankali da legumes. Ba abu mai kyau ba ne don shuka shuka bayan amfanin gona kamar albarkatun, karas, radishes da seleri. Zai fi kyau a noma wannan nau'in 'ya'yan itace nau'i na shekaru 3-5 na amfanin gona, wanda ya watsar da gonar "Red Baron" cewa daya da kuma wannan mãkirci fiye da sau 1 a cikin shekaru 3-5. 
Lokacin da dasa shuki albasa a cikin rani, ku ma ku kula da makwabta a gonar: al'adun da suka fi dacewa tare da kabeji, faski, beetroot, karas, alayyafo, letas, tumatir. Ka guje wa unguwa da albasa da itatuwan 'ya'yan itace da shrubs, da wake da wake. In ba haka ba, zai rinjayi mummunan yawa da yawancin amfanin gona.
Shin kuna sani? Duk da cewa albasa ne mai karɓar mai karɓar gaske, al'ada kanta tana daya daga cikin mafi kyawun magabata ga kusan dukkanin shuke-shuke da aka haife.
Girma daga zuriyar zuwa seedlings a gida
Yaduwar tsaba ga seedlings shine daya daga cikin hanyoyin da aka saba amfani da su don samun tsire-tsire masu tsayayyen da za su iya samar da samfurori masu girma da kuma high. Duk da haka, a lokacin da tsaba masu girma na masu girma na bulbous zasu fuskanci matsalolin da yawa suke tasowa daga siffofin ilimin lissafi na amfanin gona. Sabili da haka, kafin ka ci gaba da yin amfani da tsaba na Red Baron, dole ne ka kasance da masaniya da manyan maƙalaran wannan tsari.
Tsarin shirye
Ana rarraba tsaba da albasarta ta hanyar ƙananan ƙwayar germination, sabili da haka, hanyar da za a shirya na farko na kayan iri zai zama dole a bi germination na tsaba. Ɗaya daga cikin matakai na wannan hanya shine disinfection da tsaba daga iri-iri na microorganisms da fungal spores. Don haka, ana shuka tsaba a cikin wani bayani mai rauni na potassium permanganate (1 g na foda / l na ruwa mai tsabta) na minti 45 ko a cikin maganin barasa 70% na minti 10-15, sannan a wanke tare da ruwa mai tsabta. 
Don inganta ingantaccen iri, ana bada shawara don aiwatar da kwayoyin halitta bisa ga abubuwan da aka tsara. Mafi kyaun maganin wadannan dalilai shine Epin, wanda ake saran tsaba don tsawon sa'o'i 18-20, amma zaka iya amfani da duk wani analogues da za a zabi daga. Bayan yin aiki, an shuka kayan abu a cikin jiki zuwa wata ƙasa mai fariya don 1-2 days.
Abun ciki da wuri
Bayan kulawa da rigakafi, tsaba suna shirye don germination. Suna girma cikin tsire-tsire a cikin dumi da kuma kusurwar kwanciyar hankali na gidan, da nisa daga zane-zane da zafin jiki, a nesa da akalla mita 2-3 daga taga da kofa. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da takaddun gonaki guda ɗaya ko kwantena masu kwakwalwa tare da tsawo na kimanin 8-10 cm A cikin rashi, za ka iya amfani da wasu kwantena da suke samuwa a gonar, har zuwa ma'adinan filastik. 
Kusan kowane kayan da aka shirya da aka yi daga gidan shagon mafi kusa zai dace da shuka albasa. Amma don ƙirƙirar yanayi mafi dadi don ci gaba ga tsire-tsire, an shirya ƙasa da kansa. Don yin wannan, haɗa takin, peat da gonar lambu a daidai sassa.Ko da kuwa asalin ƙasa, dole ne a bi da shi a kan kowane irin fungi - babban kwari na seedlings. A saboda wannan dalili, an gabatar da furotin masu rikitarwa a cikin ƙasa.
Tsarin shuka shuka
Ana shuka tsaba a kwanaki 40-45 kafin zuwan kwanan wata da albasa ta dasawa a cikin ƙasa. A cikin yanki mai dadi, wannan lokacin yana zuwa ƙarshen Maris - farkon watan Afrilu. Ana yin shuka ta hanyar jeri ko hanyar rami, don zaɓar daga. A lokacin shuka-kyau, ƙananan raƙuman ramuka game da zurfin zurfi 1 an yi a cikin ƙasa, a distance nisan 3-5 cm daga juna. 
A lokacin da aka kwashe a cikin batuttukan nutsuwa, a cikin layi guda guda 1 a cikin zurfin an yanka a nesa na 4-5 cm daga juna. Don saukakawa, ana sanya layuka a layi daya zuwa gefen gefen tukunya, wanda zai kara inganta kulawa da tsirrai. Nisa tsakanin mutum iri a jere ya kamata a cikin 3 cm, in ba haka ba, shuka mai tsami zai iya haifar da ingancin ci gaban shuka. 
Ana yin shuka da kayan da aka shirya tare da taimakon tweezers ko ƙananan sandunansu. Wannan ya sa ya yiwu a rarraba tsaba a duk faɗin ƙasa. Bayan cika da tsaba daga cikin dukkan ramuka, an rufe su da wata ƙasa na 1 cm kuma an shayar da su sosai. Domin tsire-tsire su tashi da cancantar, dole ne su haifar da yalwaci da yanayin zazzabi don albasa. Don haka, an yi jita-jita iri iri tare da fim din filastik. 
A irin waɗannan yanayi, ana haifar da tasirin gine-gine na zamani, wanda hakan yana rinjayar da yiwuwar kayan abu, don haka a cikin kwanaki 15-20 zaka iya samun tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire.
Shin kuna sani? Kasar Sin tana dauke da cikakken jagorancin albarkatun albarkatun. Akalla 20 ton na wannan kayan lambu yana girma a wannan kasa a kowace shekara.
Tsarin abinci
Kafin fitowar taron farko, ana ajiye kwantena da aka dasa tare da albasarta a zafin jiki na + 20 ... +25 ° C. A irin waɗannan yanayi, tsire-tsire ba sa buƙatar kulawa da jin dadi, a wannan mataki ne kawai ana yin gyaran lokaci na kasar gona. Kimanin makonni uku bayan shuka, tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire masu girma na gaba sun bayyana. A wannan mataki, wajibi ne don cire fim daga kwantena kuma motsa su zuwa mai sanyaya, amma wuri na rana da zafin jiki na kimanin + 16 ... + 20 ° C. In ba haka ba, za a yi amfani da tsire-tsire gaba daya, wanda zai haifar da fitowar ta. 
Ana gudanar da watsi da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire kamar yadda ya cancanta, bayan ƙananan kwasfa yaro ya bayyana a ƙasa. Seedlings na bukatar m ban ruwa, in ba haka ba wani maiverabundance na danshi zai iya sa ta mutu. Don inganta albasa girma, shuke-shuke an bugu da žari yana ciyar da hadaddun ma'adinai da takin mai magani.
Don yin wannan, narke cikin 1 l na ruwa:
- superphosphate - 2 g;
- potassium chloride - 0.5 g;
- urea - 1 g
Mako guda kafin a dasa shuki da tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa, dole ne a kashe tsire-tsire. Wannan ma'auni zai sa ya fi dacewa a shirya su don ci gaba a yanayin yanayi, kazalika don rage yawan mutuwar albasa. Don yin wannan, a ko'ina cikin mako, ana ajiye kwantena da tsire-tsire kowace rana a cikin sararin sama. A karo na farko, ana fitar da su zuwa titin kusa da tsakar rana, don 3-4 hours. Sa'an nan a kowace rana wannan lokacin lokaci ya ninka, har zuwa cikakken canja wuri zuwa iska mai sauƙi. Bayan kwana 2-3 a cikin sararin sama, seedlings suna shirye don dasawa cikin yanayin yanayi.Yana da muhimmanci! A lokacin yayata, tabbatar da rage albarkatun watering, zai taimaka wa tsire-tsire don shirya yiwuwar fari.
Transplanting seedlings zuwa ƙasa
Ana sa albarkatun matasa a cikin ƙasa a farkon ko a tsakiyar watan Mayu, a lokacin ne za'a lura da gyaran yanayin sararin samaniya, har ma da karuwa a yawancin zafin jiki kullum zuwa + 10 ° C. A wannan lokaci, dole ne a yi tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, kuma suna da shekaru masu dacewa (akalla kwanaki 40 bayan girbi). An dasa shuki a cikin tsoma-tsintsin, da kuma tsabtace tsabtace daga bishiyoyi da kowane irin shuka sharan gona. 
Albasa suna girma a cikin hanya mai laushi, saboda wannan dalili, sabbin layuka tare da jeri na jere na 30 cm an yanka a ko'ina cikin shafin. An dasa shuki da tsire-tsire a cikin kowane ramuka a nesa na 5 cm daga juna. A wannan yanayin, kada a kara zurfin tushen tsarin fiye da 1 cm, in ba haka ba zai rinjayi yawan girma na albasarta ba. Bayan transplanting da gadaje plentifully shayar. Mafi yawan lokutan da za a dasa shi shine maraice daga karfe 17 zuwa 20:00, tun da yake a wannan lokacin zai yiwu ya kauce wa mummunan tasirin radiation na hasken rana a kan rassan da ya ragu.
Young "Red Baron" na da ciyawa kuma mai kyau na ciyawa, don haka dole ne ka cire kayan lambu daga cikin kwantena a hankali don kada su lalace da tsire-tsire da tushe. Saboda wannan, an yalwata ƙasa sosai, har zuwa gurasa, wanda yana taimakawa wajen yin gyaran ƙwallon ƙwayar. Bayan haka, an cire gefen gefen akwati tare da tsirrai, sa'an nan kuma an cire duk abinda ke cikin tukunya. An raba ƙasa tare da tsire-tsire zuwa ƙananan sassa, sa'an nan kuma cikin yankunan da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire.
Noma daga sevka a bude ƙasa
Girman albasa daga tsirrai ne mafi yawan hanyoyin kiwo don wannan nau'in noma. Wannan hanya yana da amfani da yawa akan shuka tsaba, daya daga cikin wanda shine sauƙi, saukakawa da kuma dacewa. Amma don samun inganci mai kyau da girbi, ya zama dole a bi ka'idojin agrotechnics lokacin da girma bulbous.
Zaɓin zabin yanayi da shiri na ƙasa
Kayan albasa daga sevka farawa tare da shirye-shiryen farko na shafin da ƙasa ga plantations. A al'ada, wannan al'ada tana girma a cikin sararin sama, kamar yadda albasarta yana daya daga cikin iri-iri iri iri na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Duk da haka, idan kuna shirin shuka albasa a kan gashin tsuntsu daga farkon bazara zuwa ƙarshen kaka, ba za ku iya yin ba tare da ƙarin tsari ba. A saboda wannan dalili, an yi amfani da gine-gine na zamani na polyethylene a kan shafin, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a cigaba da kara yawan taro a ko'ina cikin lokacin sanyi na shekara. 
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, baka yana ƙaunar wurare masu fadi da wuri mai kyau, don haka an bude wuraren da ake amfani da ita don amfanin gona, da nesa da kowane irin matsala da tsire-tsire, tare da matakan ƙasa. Ƙasa shirye-shirye don dasa fara a cikin fall. A wannan lokaci, an cire kowane tsire-tsire daga shafin, kuma ana amfani da takin gargajiya, bayan haka an dasa ƙasa a hankali zuwa zurfin 25-30 cm.
A cikin bazara ya zo mataki na gaba na shiri na ƙasa. Bayan da dusar ƙanƙara ta narke da kuma farawa daga cikin mafi yawan zafin jiki, an sake gina ƙasa don dasa, tun da farko ya wadatar da shi tare da nitroammofoska tare da lissafin 15 g / 1 sq. mãkirci. Kasashe marasa talauci masu yawa suna buƙatar ƙarin kayan ado, don haka, kafin a lafa abinci, peat, takin ko gurasar mai amfani da shafin.
Tsarin shirye
Bayan shirin ya shirya don dasa, za ku iya ci gaba da shirye-shiryen dasa. Abu na farko da za a fara da shi shine cire cire kwasfa daga albasa, kazalika da kowane irin kayan shafa, sa'annan dan kadan ka datse sashi na sama. Dole ne a gudanar da hanya a hankali don kada ya cutar da sprout. 
Pruning ya sa ya yiwu ya kara da albasa germination, kazalika da kyauta sprout daga wuce haddi shamaki. Pruning ba dacewa gwargwado ga shiri na preplant na hay ba, amma wannan hanya tana da sakamako mai kyau ba kawai a kan albarkatun albasa ba, har ma a kan makamashi na ci gaban su.
Bayan tsaftacewa da gyare-gyare, wajibi ne don dumi da kyau, yayin da yake bunkasa su zuwa ci gaba, kuma yana taimakawa wajen kauce wa alamomi. Ana yin motsawa ta zafi mai zafi a cikin zafin jiki na kimanin + 30 ... +35 ° C na awa 6-7. Don hana mutuwa ta matasa shuke-shuke daga daban-daban cututtuka da kuma karin kwari sevka dole disinfect.
Sterilization ne da za'ayi nan da nan kafin dasa. A saboda wannan, albasa suna soaked for 2 hours a cikin 1% bayani na potassium permanganate ko don 10-15 minti a cikin wani bayani na blue vitriol (1 tsp / 10 l na ruwa). A tsarin tsarin noma, jan karfe sulphate da potassium permanganate an maye gurbinsu ta hanyar biofungicides bisa ga kayan jiki ("Gamair", "Planriz", "Fitosporin"). A wannan yanayin, soaking kafin dasa shuki kashe akalla 1-2 hours.
Muna ba ku shawarar gano ko wane hanya ce mafi kyau don yada albasa kafin dasa.
Hanyar dasa shuki sevka a ƙasa
Ana dasa kayan dasa kayan shuka a cikin jere tare da wani hanya na kimanin 20-25 cm (wannan yana bada izinin yin iska cikin gadaje). An dasa shi a jere a nesa da akalla 6 cm daga juna. Idan kun fuskanci aiki don samun albasa da yawa, to, ya kamata a ƙara zuwa 10-12 cm. Ana shuka tsire-tsire a zurfin 4-5 cm, sa'an nan kuma an rufe shi da ƙasa tare da peat 2-3 cm Bayan dasa, an shayar da yankin da yalwa kuma an bar shi a hutawa har zuwa farkon harbe.
Shin kuna sani? Bisa ga binciken da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi, albasa sune kayan shahararrun kayan lambu a duniya. Al'adu yana girma a cikin kasashe 175 a duniya, yayin da alkama ya girma a cikin kasashe fiye da 90.
Watering
Kayan amfanin gona kamar albasa bazai buƙatar ƙasa mai laushi ba, tun da tushen tsarin sa mai yawa zai iya samar da tsire-tsire tare da ruwan sha mai daga ƙasa har ma a lokacin lokutan fari na fari. Duk da haka, saboda yadda aka samu ragowar sashin launi a farkon matakan cigaba, albasa yana buƙatar adadi mai yawa, don haka, a cikin watanni 2 na farko, dole ne a yi amfani da ƙasa a kowane lokaci (akalla sau 1-2 a cikin mako (dangane da tsarin zazzabi). Don yin wannan, amfani da ruwa mai tsabta mai tsafta a dakin da zazzaɓi (amma ba fiye da +30 ° C) ba. 
A lokacin lokutan fari, yawancin hanyoyi na karuwa, amma a lokaci guda, ana yin watering ne kawai bayan halayyar ɗan kwasfa mai kwakwalwa ya bayyana a ƙasa. A tsakiyar watan Yuli, an rage gurasar hankali, kuma makonni 2-3 kafin girbin, an dakatar da shi. Wannan ma'auni yana taimakawa wajen ci gaba da girma na kwan fitila, da kuma ƙarin ajiya na duk abubuwan amfani. Har ila yau, albasarta ba sa bukatar ƙarin ban ruwa a lokacin damina, saboda wannan zai iya rinjayar girma da ci gaba da kwararan fitila har ma da haifar da fashewar tsire-tsire.
Ƙasa mai tsawa da weeding
Lokacin da aka sassauka da weeding suna daga cikin mafi muhimmancin yanayi don samun yawan albasa. "Red Baron", kamar sauran itatuwan shuke-shuke, ba su da matukar damuwa, sabili da haka ci gaba da kowane nau'i na weeds a kan mãkirci na iya haifar da mummunar haɓaka da girma da kuma ƙwarewarsu ta samar da babban bulba.
Shi ya sa lokaci-lokaci weeding ne wajibi ne na babban agrotechnology na albasa namo. Yayin da muke shayarwa, dole ne muyi kyan kasa sosai, wanda yana da tasirin gaske a kan ingancin kwararan fitila. Tare da kullun ƙasa mai laushi, ƙwarƙiri mai wuya kuma mai juyayi an kafa shi a cikin kwararan fitila, wanda a nan gaba ya zama babban dalilin dashi akan yawan albarkatun albarkatun da matsalolin da ke tattare da ajiya. 
Albasa da buƙatar ɗauka Weeding da loosening ne da za'ayi qualitatively, zuwa zurfin 7-10 cm, akalla 1 lokaci a kowace mako. Yana da mahimmanci a kiyaye mako-mako weeding a farkon watanni na albasa girma, kamar yadda hanzari tasowa weeds zai iya haifar da mutuwar matasa harbe. Lokacin mafi kyau ga wannan zai zama maraice ko safiya a kan bushe da rana. Ana amfani da weeding da kuma gyaran ruwa bayan an yi ruwan sama sosai, saboda matsanancin danshi yana haifar da ƙaddarar ƙasa, kuma yana ƙarfafa ci gaban weeds.
Top dressing
Abinci mai kyau shine abin da ake buƙata don tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. An yi sau biyu, a farkon kakar girma da kuma tsakiyar kakar. A karo na farko, ana ciyar da ƙwayoyin cikin lokaci na ci gaba da girma na ganye, makonni 2-3 bayan dasa shuki kayan shuka a cikin ƙasa.
Ƙara koyo game da takin gargajiya tare da albarkatun da ma'adinai.
A wannan lokaci, ana ciyar da tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire mai nitrogenous mai mahimmanci, mafi shahararrun shine urea. Daga gare ta shirya mafitacin ruwa a cikin nauyin 10-15 g / 5 l na ruwa. Abubuwa suna taimakawa a ƙarƙashin tushen, sun maye gurbin daya daga cikin hanyoyin da ba su ruwa ba, matsakaicin ruwa mai gudana yana kimanin lita 5/1 square. plantings. A cikin rassan ganye, albasarta ma sun amsa da kyau ga nitrophosphate ko nitroammofosk, musamman akan kasa mara kyau. Taki ana amfani da shi a cikin busasshen tsari tare da bayani na urea, tare da lissafi na 25-30 g / m2. plantings.
VIDEO: GABATARWA NA GARMA Ana ciyar da wannan abinci a cikin makonni 3-4 bayan na farko. A wannan lokaci, albasa yana buƙatar ƙarin adadin sauƙi mai tushe na potassium da phosphorus, sabili da haka ana ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da maganin ruwa mai mahimmanci bisa ga superphosphate (10-15 g / 5 l na ruwa) da gishiri (5-7 g / 5 l na ruwa). Za ka iya maye gurbin potassium phosphate miya tare da bayani na nitroammophoska (20 g / 5 l na ruwa). Ana amfani da taki a tushen, tare da lissafin lita 5 na ruwa ta mita 1. plantings.
Yana da muhimmanci! Bayan ciyar da albasarta, tabbatar da wanke tare da ruwa mai gudu, in ba haka ba mafita ba zai iya haifar da konewa na shuke-shuke.
Kwaro, cututtuka da kuma rigakafi
Dukkan kwari da cututtuka sune daya daga cikin matsaloli mafi tsanani wanda kowane mai cin kayan lambu ke fuskanta yayin da ake girma albarkatun albasa. Duk da cewa "Red Baron" ya bambanta ta hanyar ƙara juriya ga fusarium, tushen lalacewa da kuma peronosporosis, tsire-tsire za su iya shafar rayuka:
- launin toka;
- Donets rot;
- jaundice.
Don wadannan dalilai, ana amfani da mafita bisa ga sabulu na ruwa (1 tbsp. L / 10 l na ruwa) tare da adadin jan karfe sulphate (1 tsp / 10 l na ruwa) ko jan oxychloride (1 tsp / 10 l na ruwa). Maganin da aka samo shi ya yalwata da wasu sassa na tsire-tsire, da ƙasa na ƙasa. Lokacin mafi kyau ga wannan zai zama safe ko maraice a yanayin rana mai bushe. Ana gudanar da wannan magani sau 1-2 a kowace kakar lokacin da albasarta ta kai kusan tsawon minti 10-15. Har ila yau, ga prophylaxis, masu shawartar lambu sun bada shawara cewa suna yin amfani da shi don gurfanar da shuka tare da turɓaya ko ƙurar wuta. Anyi aikin ne sau 2 a kowace kakar a lokacin girma na girma na tsire-tsire tare da hutu na kwanaki 20-25.Al'amarun kuma suna shawo kan wadannan kwari:
- albasa ya tashi - Labaran yana sa ƙwai a cikin kyallen takalma na shuka, daga abin da larvae da ke busa kwanon ruba. Wannan yana sa wilting da rotting na shuke-shuke. Yayyana kwari da wani bayani mai ruwa na sodium chloride (300g / 10 l). An yi amfani da tsire-tsire da ruwa, da kuma tushen shinge na gonar. Ana gudanar da tsarin yau da kullum don kwanaki 10. Idan ya cancanta, sake maimaita hanya;
- albasa albasa mite - ciwon kwari a kan ruwan 'ya'yan itace da kyallen takalma na albasa, wanda hakan ya rage yawan kariya, wanda sakamakon abin da lalacewar gonakin ke faruwa. Jirgin haɗin gwiwar kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa yana haifar da wilting da mutuwar albasa. Suna yaki da kwaro ta hanyar yada gadaje tare da wani bayani na 0.2% na shiri na "Keltan" ko kuma anayi daidai. Ana gudanar da magani sau ɗaya kuma, idan ya cancanta, maimaitawa;
- albasa albasa - ƙananan ƙwayar cututtuka daga layin Lepidoptera. Ciyar da ciwon kwari a kan kyallen daji, wanda zai haifar da wilting of green taro da mutuwar albasa. Yi gwagwarmaya da kwaro tare da taimakon duk wani ƙwayar cuta na bulbous.
Don hana ci gaban parasites a kan baka, kafin dasa shuki, ana bi da seedlings tare da mafita na potassium permanganate, jan karfe sulfate ko barasa bisa ga fasahar da aka bayyana a sama. A lokacin albarkatun da ke cike da girma, za ku iya yin amfani da shi don gurfanar da katako tare da itace ash ko ƙurar taba. Sauya pollination ta zalunta ƙasa da shuke-shuke tare da taba-barkono bayani. Don yin wannan, ana amfani da 200 g na taba a cikin lita 3 na ruwa na kwana uku, bayan haka an cire broth kuma 1 tsp kara da shi. ƙasa barkono da 1 tbsp. l sabulu. An shafe mafita a cikin lita 10 na ruwa, sa'an nan kuma ana amfani da shi don tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire, ragowar ruwan aiki na ruwa yana kimanin 5 l / m sq.
Koyi game da wasu kwari da ke shafar albasarta da yadda za a magance su.
Yin maganin kariya da albasarta da kwari an yi shi lokaci-lokaci, akalla 1 lokaci a kowace wata. Lokacin mafi kyau shine wannan safiya ko maraice a yanayin bushe da rana. Кроме того, предотвратить заражение лука насекомыми может и строгое соблюдение агротехники выращивания растения, в том числе и своевременная прополка, а также рыхление почвы на глубину не менее 7 см.
Girbi da ajiya
Lokacin girbi na Red Baron ya dogara ne akan yanayin hawan yanayi da kuma tsarin yanayin zafi na yankin girma na iri-iri. Amma a mafi yawancin lokuta wannan lokacin ya zo kimanin kwanaki 90 bayan dasa shuki kayan gona a cikin ƙasa, wanda ya faru a rabi na biyu - farkon watan Satumba. Ana girbe albasarta da aka yi a nan da nan, in ba haka ba, kwararan fitila na iya sake ba da samari, wanda hakan zai haifar da kariya daga 'ya'yan itace. 
Babban alamun albarkatun albasa don girbi su ne alamomi masu zuwa:
- cikar cikar ci gaban sabon ganye a kan tsire-tsire;
- wilting da yellowing na ganye;
- taro masauki a saman ƙasa na albasa;
- albasa albarkatun haƙƙin jiki da kuma taushi;
- da kwararan fitila saya mai arziki m purple.
A lokacin bushewa na farko, da sauran kayan abinci daga gishiri a hankali sun shiga cikin kwan fitila, don haka a wannan mataki kada ka yanke mafi girma. Bayan bushewa na farko, bushe ya fi karfi da tushen sa, kuma ya kamata ka bar karamin wutsiya 3-4 cm tsawo.
Gwasa albasa daga ƙasa kuma a yanka a saman. Yanke kwararan fitila a hankali don kowane lalacewa ko raunuka masu rauni, bayan haka an cire amfanin gonar da aka ƙi don zubar. Na gaba, ana amfani da kwararan fitila don sake bushewa don kwanaki 7-10 a zafin jiki na + 25 ... +30 ° C ko 10-12 hours a zafin jiki na kimanin +40 ° C.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kada a wanke kwararan fitila da aka tattara, tun da yake ruwan haɗari zai shafar mummunan magani.Bayan sake bushewa da albasarta an koma zuwa wurin ajiya na dindindin. Ajiye albasa a cikin kwalaye na katako ko filastik, a cikin kayan masana'antu, kazalika a cikin tarbiyoyin filastik. Zai fi dacewa saboda wannan busassun, duhu, ɗakunan da ke da kyau da zafin jiki daga 0 zuwa +3 ° C. A irin wannan yanayi, ana adana 'ya'yan itatuwa daga watanni 6 zuwa 12. Don inganta yawan amfanin ƙasa na amfanin gona, dole ne a kunshi kwararan fitila a cikin ƙananan kayan ciki ko jakar jaka da kuma dakatar daga rufin. Wannan zai taimaka wajen kaucewa yawan laima na kwararan fitila a lokacin ajiya, tun lokacin da ruwan kewa kusan kullum yakan zama babban hanyar juya da albasarta.
Matsaloli masu yiwuwa da shawarwari
Lokacin da girma da albasarta, kowane kayan lambu mai shayarwa zai fuskanci matsalolin da yawa da ke barazana ga girbi na gaba tare da lalacewa mai zurfi. Mafi yawancin su shine dukkanin kwayoyin cututtuka, wanda nan da nan ya haifar da su. Sabili da haka, kafin cin namun albasa, dole ne a fahimci mafi haɗari a cikinsu.
Don haka, yayin da kake girma da albasa, wanda zai iya yin la'akari da abubuwan da ke faruwa:
- 'ya'yan itace - yana da sakamakon rashin bin ka'idodin agrotechnology na noma na al'adun da yanayin ajiya na dasa kayan. Harshen kibiyoyi ya hana girma da ci gaba da kwararan fitila, wanda ya rage karfinsu da jimlar taro. Kwayar cututtuka ba magani ba ne, amma don inganta ci gaban kwararan fitila, an bada shawara don yanke gaba daya akan peduncles;
- yellowing da wilting na matasa ganye - abin da ke faruwa yana da nau'in halitta ko halitta. Don kawar da cutar, ana kula da albasarta tare da hadari na kariya daga cututtuka da kwari, kuma suna tsara tsarin hanyoyin samar da albarkatu na zamani;
- yatsun da aka sanya - sune sakamakon lalata ƙasa mai laushi, don kawar da pathology, daidaita yanayin da kuma yawan watering watering plantations;
- tarnish na albasa kore - yana faruwa a sakamakon rashin rashin abinci na nitrogenous a cikin ƙasa, don kawar da tsarin aikin pathological da ake dasawa tare da bayani na urea (10-15 g / 5 l na ruwa);
- wilting da twisting albasa fuka-fukai - saboda rashin potassium a cikin ƙasa, don kawar da ketare na shuka ana ciyar da su da mafita na gishiri (5-7 g / 5 l na ruwa);
- ciwo mai tsanani na kwararan fitila - ya haifar da ƙananan haɗuwa da albasa na wasu abubuwa, abin da ake kira glycosides. Rashin haɗuwa da haɗari yana tsokanar da wuce haddi na rana, yanayin zafi, ma'adanai na ma'adinai a cikin ƙasa, da rashin rashin ruwa a cikin ƙasa. Don hana haushi na albasa, an bada shawarar kiyaye ka'idodin halatta na takin mai magani a lokacin da tsire-tsire masu ma'adinai na ma'adinai, da mahimman yanayi don bunkasa amfanin gona.
- Kafin dasa shuki da albasarta, yana da mahimmanci don bincika acidity na kasar gona, tun da koda ruwan acidification na ƙasa zai iya haifar da ci gaban al'adu;
- Ya kamata a kara yawan agrotechnology na girma da albasarta, ciki har da matakan gaggawa don hana ci gaban kwari da cututtuka daban-daban;
- da albasa ba ya son damuwa mai yawa, amma kada ku manta game da watering, tun lokacin fari zai iya haifar da raguwa a darajar kasuwancin kwararan fitila;
- Ga namo da albasarta daga seedlings, wajibi ne don amfani da albasa-matsakaici (game da 2 cm), in ba haka ba za a iya kauce masa ba.
- girma da albasarta ya shafi tsarin shekaru 3.5 na amfanin gona, in ba haka ba za a samu nasara mai yawa daga amfanin gona ba.
"Red Baron" yana da albarkatun albasa iri iri da yawa, wanda kowace shekara ta rinjayi yankuna da yawa a cikin gidaje na rani na gida. Wannan kayan lambu yana da siffofin dandano mai dandano, da kuma babban abun ciki na kowane irin bitamin da sauran kayan gina jiki, wanda ya sa ya zama dole ba a cikin abincin yau da kullum ba. Amma, duk da rashin lafiyarsa, wannan shuka yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman don kansa, kazalika da tsarin sauyin yanayi. In ba haka ba, don cimma matsayi mai kyau da kuma girma a kan makircin su ba zai zama mai sauki ba.
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