Yadda za a yi girma m guna guna a tsakiyar layi

Melons da aka girma a tsakiyar Rasha suna da wuyar kwatantawa da na Asiya ta Tsakiya, amma tare da ingantacciyar fasahar aikin gona suna girma da kyau, kuma galibi ba ƙarancin kamshi ba. Tabbas, rana ba ta isa ba, saboda a wurare da yawa ana shuka guna guda ɗaya kawai a cikin greenhouse, amma wannan bai hana masu sha'awar sha'awa ba.

Melon iri-iri zaɓi don tsakiyar Rasha

A tsakiyar Rasha, tare da tabbataccen nasarar, ba yawancin nau'ikan guna ba za a iya girma. Mafi kyawun gargajiya, wanda a koyaushe suke “a kunne”, sune Altai da Kolkhoznitsa. Koyaya, kewayon ba a iyakance ga waɗannan sanannun wakilan ba. A lokaci guda, lokacin zabar iri don yanki ba mai dumin yawa ba, dole ne mutum ya kula da ko an raba shi ne don namo irin wannan yanayin. Wataƙila za ku iya shuka iri-iri da kuke so, amma a cikin greenhouse.

Melon sannu a hankali yana motsa arewa, kamar yadda sababbin iri da iri suna nunawa koyaushe, yana tsayayya da yanayin yanayin bazai buƙatar dogon lokacin rani ba. Sabili da haka, a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, wannan al'ada ta tsunduma cikin yankunan Bryansk, Kaluga, Ivanovo, Nizhny Novgorod.

Lonarin guna da farkon-tsakiyar-marigayi sun dace da namo a cikin tsakiyar Rasha

A kowane hali, a tsakiyar layin dole ne ku tsare kanku zuwa farkon nau'ikan (a cikin matsanancin yanayi, matsakaicin lokacin tarawa), tun daga ƙarshen (kuma galibi sun fi dadi) ba za su sami lokacin yin riba anan ba. Idan ka kalli Rajistar Jiha na Ayyukan Rashanci na Rasha, ya zama cewa a tsakiyar layi ana bada shawara don haɓaka iri ɗaya kawai - Princess Svetlana. Kaxan kaxan ma sun dace da irin wannan yanayin yanayin, misali:

• Manoma na gama kai
• Lesya
• Lolita
• M.

Tabbas, ba a iyakance lambu ga hukunce-hukuncen hukuma da shuka iri daban-daban da fatara ba, musamman tunda adadinsu yana girma kowace shekara.

Melons don buɗe ƙasa:

• Cinderella shine nau'in iri mai haɓakawa, ɗayan mafi yawan farfadowa, yana ba da matsakaici-matsakaici, 'ya'yan itaciya mai launin rawaya mai sauƙi (mai nauyi daga 1 zuwa 2 kilogiram) na kyakkyawan kyakkyawan dandano. Lokacin girma ya wuce watanni 2: kwanaki 60-72 wuce daga seedlings zuwa balaga fasaha. Yawancin yana da tsayayya ga cututtuka da yanayin farji na yanayi, wanda aka yi niyya don amfani sabo: an adana 'ya'yan itacen da basu wuce makonni 2 ba;
• Altai - wani nau'in abu ne wanda yake kusan daidai da Cinderella a farkon balaga, girbi mai yiwuwa ne a tsakiyar bazara. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu launin rawaya, mai tsawon rai, suna yin nauyi har zuwa kilogiram 1.5. Jiki ba shi da dadi, amma kyakkyawa, kodadden lemo, mai kamshi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ba a ajiye su ba, waɗanda aka yi niyya don saurin amfani da su bayan cirewa;
• Assol F1 yana ba da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ruwan-zaren-zina mai nauyin 1 kg. Theunbin danshi yana daɗaɗawa, mai daɗi, kamshi, mai launin shuɗi. Lokacin girma shine daga kwanaki 80 zuwa 90. Yawan aiki - har zuwa 1 kg / m². Melons ana adana su na tsawon kwanaki 7, iri-iri ana nuna shi da juriya game da cuta;
• Manoma na gama gari sanannen sananne ne tare da matsakaiciyar matsakaici, ya girma a yawancin ƙasarmu tun 1943, tare da haɓaka mai girma na kwanaki 73 zuwa 95. Fruita isan itace madaidaicin ball mai nauyin kilogram 1, launin ruwan shuɗi-orange, mai santsi. A ɓangaren litattafan almara shi ne fari fari, mai dadi, m. An yaba masa saboda kyakkyawan dandano da yawan amfanin ƙasa, da kuma damar sufuri a kan nesa mai nisa. Rashin kyawun nau'ikan shine ƙarancin juriyarsa ga cututtuka da yawa;
• Lesa tana ba da fruitsa fruitsan itace mafi girma, suna yin nauyi fiye da 2 kilogiram, ruwan rawaya-mai launi a launi, m a sifa Theunama tana da laushi, mai, daga fari zuwa launi mai tsami. Yana narkewa a cikin kwanaki 60-85. Ƙanshi na talakawa ne, muhimmi a cikin yawancin nau'ikan guna, dandano yana da kyau. A iri-iri ne resistant zuwa mafi yawan cututtuka da matsanancin fari, samar da gwaggwabar riba.

Hoton hoto: nau'in guna don buɗewa

Iri iri daban-daban na girma a cikin gidajen kora:

• Gimbiya Svetlana. Daga germination zuwa girbi yana ɗauki kimanin watanni 3. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na fata ne, kusan fararen fata, suna yin kimanin kilogram 1.5. Punƙun fure yana da laushi, mai laushi, orange a launi, mai kyau cikin ɗanɗano, tare da ƙanshin mai ƙarfi. An adana 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari don makonni 2.5-3, suna jure yanayin yau da kullun;
• Lada ta farfado watanni 3 bayan fitowan (kafin balaga ta fasaha yana ɗaukar kwanaki 74-96), 'ya'yan itãcen marmari masu nauyin 1.5 zuwa 2, orange, zagaye, mai daɗi. Jiki shine kirim mai laushi cikin launi. Daban-daban cuta tana da tsayayya, cuta ba ta fasawa, gabatarwar tayi kyau;
• Titovka shine daya daga cikin nau'ikan farkon tsiro; farkon lokacin shine kwanakin 55-70. 'Ya'yan itãcen launuka na launi ruwan lemo, ɗanɗama kaɗan, girmansu yana da bambanci sosai: duka samfuran ƙarami da guna mai nauyin kilogram 3.5 na iya zama tare a lokaci ɗaya kan gado. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne fari fari, na fata, mai daɗi. Cutar juriya a matakin matsakaici;
• Krinichanka wani wakili ne na farkon nau'ikan: melons na farko sun haɗu kwanaki 70 bayan fitowar su. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne zagaye-oval, size matsakaici (game da 2 kilogiram), yellow-orange. Dankalin turawa yana da daɗi, mai ɗorewa a launi (daga kore zuwa cream). Amfani da shinkafar ba ta shafar hanzari: iri-iri na iya girma tare da rashin hasken halitta;
• Cyan farin Scythian F1 wani nau'i ne mai cikakke, 'ya'yan itaciyar farko sun girma cikin kwanaki 75-80, suna zagaye, ƙarami (kimanin 1 kg), rawaya. A ɓangaren litattafan almara shi ne mai dadi, ƙanshi mai laushi, mai taushi, mai laushi sosai. Nunin yana da kyau. Tumbin yana shahara saboda yawan kayanta da kuma haƙuri mai raɗaɗi.

Hoton hoto: nau'in guna don narkar da shinkafa

Abubuwan buƙatun gaba ɗaya don yanayin girma

Melon yana buƙatar zafi mai yawa da rana, wanda dole ne a la'akari lokacin zabar wurin gado. Yana iya tsayayya da zafi mai tsananin zafi da yanayin bushewa, tunda yana iya fitar da danshi daga yadudduka mai zurfi na ƙasa, amma a cikin yanayi mai laima ba shi da lafiya.

Tushen ya yi zurfi cikin ƙasa zuwa 1 m ko fiye, kodayake wannan alama alama ce mai ban mamaki lokacin da kake kallon tsirrai masu girman matsakaici.

Melons yana jin daɗi a kan tsaunuka masu haske, saboda ruwa mai yawa ba ya tara a wurin, a gabanin yawancin nau'ikan da sauri suna rashin lafiya. Koyaya, waɗannan haɓakawa dole ne a kiyaye su da aminci daga iska mai sanyi.

Haɗin ƙasa yana da mahimmancin gaske: guna ba ya girma ko'ina. Tana son ƙasa mai haske a cikin tsari: madaukai na acid-tsaka tsaki sune mafi kyawun zaɓi. Wajibi ne a ƙara yashi da yawa a cikin yumɓu masu yumɓu, kuma a hankali suke sarrafa ƙasa acidic. Mafi kyawun magabata su ne kabeji, cucumbers, Peas, tafarnuwa, albasa. Ba a so a shuka guna a bayan kowace guna, tumatir da karas.

A dangane da bukatar ingantaccen hasken wuta, suna ƙoƙarin shuka guna-aya da yawa a cikin ƙasa buɗe: ganuwar ko da mafi kyawun koren tsire-tsire suna ɗaukar adadin hasken rana. Koyaya, a tsakiyar layi, ana tilasta yawancin lambu don shuka shuki a cikin gidan kore, tun da haɗarin rashin yin tumbi a cikin lambu yana da girma sosai: lokacin rani ya bambanta.

Melon yana buƙatar yanayi mai yawa don haɓaka al'ada

A cikin yankuna na tsakiya, kawai nau'in cikakke ne kawai za'a iya girma cikin ƙasa ta shuka, a mafi yawan lokuta dole ne a shirya seedlings. Kuma ko da farko suna rike da ita a cikin gidajen lambun a karkashin mafaka na fim, suna cire su ba a farkon 10 ga Yuni ba.

Rikodin tarihi sun nuna cewa a cikin yankin Moslon an dasa gwanayen kimanin shekaru 500 da suka gabata, ta yin amfani da gadaje masu ɗumi mai zafi a cikin gidajen katako. An shirya su a gaba ta amfani da kyawawan kwayoyin halitta, an rufe su da fim ɗin filastik mai duhu wanda aka sanya ramuka. Gwanin Melon ana shuka su a cikin su, ba tare da cire fim ba duk lokacin bazara, kuma idan akwai sanyin sanyi, an rufe su da kayan da basu saka ba.

Bidiyo: girma guna kan babban gado

Shuka seedlings

Melon seedlings a cikin wani ɗakin kwana na birni suna jin daɗi: akwai isasshen zafi, kuma idan babu taga sill na rana, zaku iya haskakawa tare da fitilu. Idan akwai greenhouse, ana iya shirya seedlings a ciki.

Lokaci

Lokacin yin lissafin lokacin fara girbin seedling, kuna buƙatar sanin cewa za'a dasa shi a cikin dindindin aƙalla kwanaki 30 da haihuwa. Gaskiya ne, lokacin amfani da tukwane na peat ko allunan, ana iya rage wannan lokacin, tunda irin wannan juyawa baya shafar tsarin tushe, amma bai kamata ku ruga cikin wannan batun ba. Saboda haka, kuna buƙatar aƙalla wata ɗaya har ma sati guda don ƙwaya. Kuma tunda dasawa zuwa gonar a cikin tsakiyar yankuna kafin farkon bazara mai hadarin gaske, ya juya cewa mafi kyawun lokacin shuka tsaba a cikin tukwane shine ƙarshen watan Afrilu.

Ya kamata a shuka shuka tsaba a ƙarshen Mayu, don haka guna shine "ɗan gajeren rana" al'adar. Wannan kalmar ta bayyana halayen halittar shuka: ga fure na al'ada, ba ta bukatar tsawan lokacin hasken rana. A tsakiyar Rasha a watan Yuni rana tana haskakawa tsawon awanni 17, kuma guna mai yawa ce. A irin wannan yanayin, ana kafa furanni ƙasa, ana zubar da su da muni. Dalili kenan da ke akwai matsala: a gefe guda, ana buƙatar yanayin zazzabi, amma a ɗayan, guna ya kamata ya fara tashi da wuri-wuri, aƙalla a farkon watan Yuni.

A farkon Maris shuka a tsakiyar wata ne mara amfani: inda zan dasa seedlings a watan Afrilu? Har yanzu sanyi a cikin shinkafa. A watan Maris windowsill, tsirrai za su yi rauni. Saboda haka, lokacin shuka ba shi da tabbas: ƙarshen Afrilu ko farkon Mayu. Idan ya rigaya yana da ɗumi, zaku iya sanya tukwanen seedling a cikin greenhouse, idan ba'a saita bazara ba - a gida, akan windowsill.

Shuka tsaba don shuka

Yana da kyau a shuka melons don seedlings kai tsaye a cikin kofuna daban, kuma a cikin tukwane peat: dasa shuki a cikin akwati tare da ruwa mai zuwa yana yiwuwa, amma wanda ba a ke so, ana guna guna da zafi. Ofarfin tukunya daga 200 ml. Ya cika da cakuda ƙasa duk wani abun da ke ciki, amma ƙasa da aka samu ta haɗuwa da abubuwan da aka gyara ya kamata ya zama haske ya kasance mai ma'ana. Abunda ya fi dacewa shine daidai yake da kayan gona, yashi, peat da humus.

Zai fi kyau a shuka tsaba guna a cikin tukwane, saboda amfanin gonar ba shi da kyau don dasawa

Amma ga tsaba, ya fi kyau ka saya su a wuri mai lafiya. Idan kun dauke su daga kankana mai dadi da aka saya don abinci, ba gaskiya bane cewa za a sami tabbacin nasara: wani tumbi zai iya kamawa, kuma zuriyarsu suna ba da iri na iri iri, kuma a maimakon 'ya'yan itatuwa da ake tsammanin, kuna iya gwada wani abu mai ciyawa a ƙarshen bazara. Bugu da kari, sayi kankana za'a iya kawo shi daga nesa ba kusa ba kuma zai dace da yanayin canjin gida ba.

Don tattara tsaba daga 'ya'yan itãcen marmari girma, kuna buƙatar zaɓar mafi ƙanƙan girma da kanana.

Bai kamata a yi amfani da tsaba na shekara-shekara ba: suna ba da wadatattun furanni, ba za ku iya samun amfanin gona ba kwata-kwata. Mafi kyawun tsaba daga 3 zuwa 6 years old. Idan asalin ba a san asalinsa ba, yana da kyau a shafe su a hanyar da ta saba: riƙe tsawon rabin sa'a a cikin wani duhu bayani na potassiumgangan, to, kurkura sosai da ruwa. A cikin yankuna na tsakiya, tsaba mai guna dole ne ya taurare ta hanyar sanyawa a cikin firiji bayan tsiya a cikin dare.

Wasu mazauna bazara suna fitar da tsaba kafin shuka, amma wannan hanya ba ta taka rawar gani: yawanci har ma bushewar tsaba ya yi kyau.

Melon tsaba suna kama da kokwamba, mai sauƙi don aiki tare da

A cikin kowane tukunya, moistening ƙasa, shuka tsaba 2-3 zuwa zurfin kusan 2 cm, sannan cire ƙarin ƙwayoyin. Yana da kyau a yayyafa amfanin gona tare da wani yanki mai tsabta, busassun yashi. Kafin germination, tukwane suna rike da dumin ta hanyar rufe su da gilashi ko kuma wani fim mai nuna gaskiya. Nan da nan bayan bayyanar harbe-harbe (bayan kimanin mako guda), ya kamata a saukar da zazzabi zuwa 16-18 ° C na kwanaki da yawa, amma a lokaci guda ya kamata su kasance cikin yanayin haske mai kyau.

Kulawar seedling

Lokacin da seedlings suka girma zuwa 2-3 cm, ya zama dole don barin shuka guda ɗaya a cikin kowane tukunya. Matsakaicin zafin jiki lokacin tsiro mai guna shine kusan 20 ° C a rana kuma 15 ° C da dare. Watering a ƙarƙashin tushe, cikin matsakaici (1 a cikin kwana 2). Awanni na hasken rana na shuka ya kamata ya wuce kimanin sa'o'i 12. Idan windowsill yana fuskantar arewa, yana da kyau a ƙara haske na baya zuwa hasken halitta.

Fitilar incandescent na yau da kullun zata yi aiki na guna, amma tare da fitilu na musamman ko ma tare da abun da ake gani a lumines shine mafi kusanci da hasken rana.

Bayan bayyanar ganye na gaske guda biyu, ana buƙatar ciyar da seedlings. Don yin wannan, zaku iya amfani da mafita ta hanyoyin kowane takaddun takaddun takaddara, kodayake guna na da matukar kyau ga wadanda suke. Tabbas, ba shi da daraja bayar da shawarar yin kiwo a cikin gidan, amma yanzu akwai sauran shirye-shiryen da aka fitar na takin gargajiya akan sayarwa. Idan jinkirin sun kasance jinkiri, bayan makonni 2, dole ne a maimaita miya.

Tuni a cikin mako na uku na rayuwa, seedlings fara zama kaɗan kaɗan da aka kawo wa baranda kuma sun saba da iska mai kyau. Da farko yakamata ya zama rabin "tafiya", a hankali yana ƙara lokaci. Lingsalingsan atan aƙalla akalla makonni 4, suna da matattara mai ƙarfi da ganye na 5-6 na lafiya lafiya, suna shirye don dasawa.

Shirye don dasa shuki tsire ne mai yuwuwar shuka

Dasawa seedlings cikin gonar

A cikin gadaje ba tare da mafaka ba, ana iya dasa ƙwayar guna a kan ƙwayar cuta yayin da aka tabbatar da yanayin zafi na rana na kusan 15-20^{game da}C, kuma dare - ba ƙasa da 6 ba^{game da}C. A ƙarshen Mayu, irin wannan yanayin yakan faru ne a yankin canjin yanayin yankin tsakiyar, amma har yanzu hatsarin sanyi na dare yana ci gaba da kasancewa. Sabili da haka, idan ba za ku iya jira wani mako ba, dole ne a dasa shuki a ƙarƙashin tsari na wucin gadi na ɗan lokaci.

Idan an dasa shuki, kuma sanyi sun zo, ya zama dole a tsayar da matsakaicin tsari: koda zazzabi mai ƙonewa yana da ɓarna.

Tsarin dasa shuki yana ɗauka ba kawai isasshen sarari don kowane daji ba, har ma da yiwuwar kula da su: guna dole ne a shayar da, ciyawar, kuma a samar da bushes. Wannan yana buƙatar tsarin kula da su kyauta. Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da saukar da kwance tare da nisa tsakanin layuka na akalla 70-90 cm, kuma tsakanin bushes a jere - daga 50 cm. Idan akwai isasshen sarari a kan gado, ana guna guna daidai da tsarin 120 x 60 cm.

Wani lokaci ana yin fure-fure mai kamar guna: a cikin da'irar mita ɗaya da rabi, ana sa shuka ɗaya a tsakiyar kuma 5-6 a gefuna da'irar.

Dasa kankana yana da sauki, dole ne a bi wadannan matakan:

1. Haƙa ramuka masu zurfi, ƙara game da kilogiram 2 na humus ko takin a gare su; haxa taki tare da qasa sai a shayar da ita sosai, sannan a tono rami tare da diba a kan girman tukwane da shuka.
   

   Da takin mai magani tare da ƙasa dole ne a haɗe shi da kyau.

2. Yayyafa seedlings 'yan sa'o'i kafin dasa shuki tare da ruwa mai tsabta.
3. Daga tukwane na filastik, a hankali suna samun tsire-tsire tare da dunƙule ƙasa, peat tukwane ana shuka su duka.
   

   Ana cire ƙwayar 'yan itace daga tukwane sosai don kada su lalata asalin sa

4. Shuka guna a cikin ramuka a matakin daidai lokacin da ya girma a gida ko ma ƙaramin abu kaɗan: ba za ku iya zurfafa tsire-tsire ba.
   

   Kada a binne tsire-tsire
5. Zuba seedlings daga madara ba tare da kawar da ƙasa ba, tabbatar da cewa daji bai faɗi ƙasa ba.
6. Ciyawa plantings tare da bakin ciki Layer na bushe mai tsabta yashi kuma na ɗan lokaci rufe tare da spanbond.

Idan yanayin ya yi zafi da gaske, zaku iya yin ba tare da tsari ba, amma ana buƙatar kariya daga hasken rana mai haske; a cikin irin wannan yanayin yafi amfani da ciyawa bushes tare da ciyawar ciyawa.

Bidiyo: tsiron guna mai girma

Shuka tsaba guna a cikin lambu

A tsakiyar layin, shuka guna kai tsaye zuwa gonar ba wuya.Tun da lokacin da aka ƙaddara shi ne tsakiyar watan Mayu, lokacin da ba a kafa yanayin dumin yanayi ba, akwai haɗari mai girma da cewa tsiron zai mutu kuma murfin fim na ɗan lokaci ya zama tilas. Amma don shuka kankana a cikin greenhouse a farkon May ya rigaya ya yiwu.

Shuka kankana a buɗe

Tun da ba a shuka guna da wuri sosai ba, ana iya shirya gonar a bazara, amma kuma galibi sukan yi ƙoƙarin yin hakan a cikin bazara. An haye shafin a kan tebur bayonet, yana yin 1 m² guga na taki mai kyau ko takin. Jimawa ba kafin shuka, yafa masa a kan gado na itace ash (har 1 lita 1 a kowace m²), matakin ƙasa tare da rake, kuma zai fi dacewa tare da mai noma.

Shuka tsaba mai yiwuwa ne a ɗan farkon dasa shuki, watau, bayan Mayu 20: ƙasa a wannan lokacin ya rigaya ya ɗumi dirin. Yayinda tsaba suke ƙyanƙyashe da kuma girka, zafi na gaske dole ne ya zo. Tsarin shuka yayi kama da wannan lokacin dasa shuki: ƙaramin nisa tsakanin ramuka a jere shine 50 cm, tsakanin layuka - 70 cm.

Tsarin aiki

1. Suna yin ƙananan ramuka tare da diba, ƙara 1 tbsp a gare su. ash da tsunkule na azofoska, Mix da zuba tare da ruwan dumi.
   

   Azofoska takin zamani ne mai ma'adinai, amma na guna ya zama dole a dauki kadan

2. A kowane rami zuwa zurfin kusan 3 cm, ana sanya tsaba guna biyu na 2-3.
   

   Abubuwa 2-3 suna da sauƙin ɗauka: suna da girma sosai
3. Yayyafa tsaba tare da ƙasa, rago, yayyafa tare da yashi mai tsabta.
4. Idan ba a tabbatar da yanayin dumin yanayi mai ƙarfi ba, toshe gado tare da shimfidar wurin.

Bayan kwanaki 10-12 (kuma idan yana da matukar dumi, sannan da wuri) harbe zai bayyana. Da zaran ya bayyana a cikinsu wanene yake da ƙarfi, an bar tsiron guda ɗaya a cikin kowane gida.

Melons ya rayu tare da masara, wake, radish, kowane ganye mai ƙanshi. Bai kamata ku sami dankali da cucumbers kusa kusa ba. Bai kamata ya kasance akwai wasu bishiyoyi waɗanda ke haifar da ƙaƙƙarfan shading ba. Sau da yawa ramuka tare da kankana sau ɗaya tare da dasa shuki watermelons.

Shuka tsaba a cikin greenhouse

Melons suna girma a cikin greenhouses marasa lalacewa: wani zaɓi kuma bai dace ba, saboda wannan al'ada tana buƙatar hasken rana, kuma yalwataccen ɗakunan katako mai ma'ana cikin hunturu da farkon bazara. Don haɓaka guna, kuna buƙatar zaɓar manyan sandunan katako tare da tsayi akalla 2 m, in ba haka ba yin amfani da yankuna zasu zama marasa amfani sosai. Kowane shuka yana buƙatar fili mai yawa, saboda haka guna na al'ada na kore suna tsaye, tare da garter ga ginannun trellises masu ƙarfi.

Don kada trellis ta mamaye babban yanki na greenhouse, suna ƙoƙarin sanya su tare da bangon gefen. Dangane da haka, gadaje na kanuna an shirya ba su wuce 50 cm daga ganuwar, kuma galibi suna gina kaskoki har zuwa 20 cm tsayi, a cikin ake yin shuka iri-iri. Tsakanin ramuka, suna ƙoƙari su kula da nesa na aƙalla 40 cm.

Melons ana shuka su ne a bangon kore, suna da 'yanci a can

Ana shirya gadaje a gaba, amma a cikin greenhouse yana yawanci Dole a maye gurbin ƙasa gaba daya. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman idan, a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, gourds yayi girma a wurin da aka zaɓa. Mafi kasar gona don greenhouse, wanda ake zaton ya girma guna, ya ƙunshi peat mai laushi da yashi mai kyau (3: 1), wanda aka haɗa alli da azofoska (300 da 40 g a 1 m ana ƙarawa don deoxidation)² bi da bi). Idan babu peat, amma ana amfani da filin gona na yau da kullun, ana hadi shi kamar yadda yake a cikin gadaje na buɗe.

Shuka guna a cikin shinkafa mai yiwuwa ne a farkon watan Mayu. Dabarar ba ta bambanta da shuka a gonar ba, kawai ba lallai ba ne don rufe gado. Harbe zai bayyana a cikin kwanaki 7-10, kuma a karo na farko yana da kyawawa don runtse da zazzabi a cikin ɗan karamin abu (zuwa 16-18)^{game da}C)

Yana da mahimmanci musamman cewa greenhouse ba ya yin zafi da daddare.

Melon Kulawa

Kulawar Shuka ya ƙunshi ayyukan lambu na yau da kullun: shayarwa, noma, takin. Bugu da kari, kankana bushes dole ne a kafa domin su iya shimfiɗa amfanin gona: a matsayin mai mulkin, an ɗaure 'ya'yan itatuwa da yawa, kuma ba a buƙatar ƙarin ganye. Kula da kankana a cikin greenhouse da waje yayi daban.

Gasar guna ta waje

Melon baya bukatar m watering: ana bukata har sai shuka tsiro, sa'an nan - kawai a cikin busasshiyar yanayin. Kafin saita 'ya'yan itace, a matsayin mai mulkin, ana shayar da kankana sau ɗaya a mako. Yana da mahimmanci ruwan bai yi sanyi sosai ba: da yamma yana da kyau a cikin ganga a rana. Tare da isowar 'ya'yan itatuwa, ana shayar da ruwa ƙasa kaɗan, kuma lokacin da kankana ya girma zuwa girman dunkulalliya, sai su daina tsayawa.

Yayinda bulalar ba ta cika duk sararin samaniya ba, bayan ruwan sama ko ruwa, ana aiwatar da narkar da ciyawar tare da cire ciyawar. Da zaran gefen harbe fara bayyana, guna da sauƙi spud. Ciyar da su:

• Kwana 10-15 bayan dasawa,
• tare da zuwan farkon furanni,
• a farkon farkon 'ya'yan itace lodi.

Bai kamata a yi amfani da takin ƙasa ba, yana da kyau a yi amfani da jiko na mullein tare da ƙari na ash. Idan kan aiwatar da haɓakar fruita itan itace yana jujjuya cewa ɗayansu yana ƙaruwa da girma, ya kamata a ƙara saka miya.

Ingancin gwanayen guna, wanda ya kunshi harbe-harbe, cire motsi da fruita excessan wuce haddi, na da matukar muhimmanci. Da zaran ya bayyana sarai cewa seedlings sun sami nasarar ɗaukar tushe kuma suka fara girma, tsunkule babban shoot a saman sa. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, gefen harbe ya fara girma, amma akwai da yawa daga cikinsu, kuma kuna buƙatar zaɓi biyu mafi ƙarfi, kuma cire sauran. Childrenan ƙanana yaran da ke lalacewa keɓaɓɓiyar hanya.

Duk wani shiri na guna-guna yana nufin iyakance adadin harbe da 'ya'yan itatuwa

A mafi yawancin nau'ikan halittun, 'ya'yan itace masu ɗauke da bambanci, kuma suna, akasin haka, suna yanke ƙwayar harbe a kai bayan ƙirƙirar ganye guda uku a kansu, saboda babban amfanin gona zai samar akan babban tushe.

Ko da tare da kulawa da hankali sosai, daji guna ba zai ciyar da 'ya'yan itatuwa sama da 6 (kuma mafi girma - guda 2 - guda 2), don haka dole ne a yanka sauran. Tunda ana karancin tsire-tsire a kan tsiron ƙasa a cikin fili, yana da darajan sanya ƙananan faranti ko katako a ƙarƙashin kowane 'ya'yan itace domin ƙuna ba su kwance a kan tudu ba kuma ba suyi ruwa ba idan anyi ruwan sama.

Abubuwa na musamman a cikin gidan kore

A cikin kore, an kara daskarewa pollination ga duk ayyukan da ke sama. A cikin iska mai tsabta, kwari masu kwari suna yin wannan, wanda da wuya ya bayyana a cikin ƙasa mai kariya. Tabbas, idan an kori iska mai kyau ta hanyar iska (kuma yana da buqatar yin hakan), to kudan zuma na iya tashi a ciki, amma a wannan yanayin ba za a bar aikin zuwa dama ba. Saboda haka, maigidan da kansa dole ne ya ɗauki furanni maza da yawa (waɗanda ke kan mayu na bakin ciki), yanke filayen daga gare su kuma taɓa su sau da yawa a ciki na furanni mace. Wannan ya kamata a yi a farkon ranar farko ko biyu bayan namiji fure fure har sai pollen ya circled.

Wani fasalin kula da kankana a cikin gidan gona yana girma su akan trellis don ajiye sarari. Zai iya kasancewa wani tallafi a tsaye na tsaye wanda aka ɗaure warin kankana (su kansu ba za su hau ba). Tun da cikakke melons na iya faɗuwa, su (bayan sun kai girman matsakaicin apple) ana sanya su a cikin kowane raga da suka dace da ƙyalli.

Ana buƙatar raga don kada guna ta faɗi ta fashe

A cikin kore, ana yin pruning a ɗan ƙarami: fruitsarin 'ya'yan itatuwa a can yawanci ba su ɗaure ko mutu da sauri. Yana da mahimmanci kada a cika ruwa: zafi mai wuce gona da iri a cikin gidan kore yana cike da faruwar cututtuka.

Bidiyo: kankana a cikin kananzir

Cutar da kwari

Yawancin nau'ikan melons na zamani suna da tsayayya ga cututtuka da kwari, kuma yawancin lokuta mazauna bazara ba sa mai da hankali ga wannan lokacin kwata-kwata. Koyaya, akwai cututtukan da ke haifar da haɗari:

• powdery mildew farko ya bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki, sannan ya wuce zuwa ga mai tushe. Alamar bayyanar wasu ƙananan fararen fari ne, masu kama da gari. Bar nan da nan ya juya ya zama rawaya ya faɗi. Idan batun ya yi nisa, 'ya'yan itacen suna mamaki. Yin rigakafin cutar ta kunshi tattara duk hanyoyin da suka shafi shuka da bin ka'idodin aikin gona. Game da kamuwa da cuta, shirye-shiryen sulfloidal sulfur na taimakawa;
  

  Powdery mildew da wuya ba a gane: ganye kamar su yafa masa farin shafi

• Dankalin zaitun ya bayyana akan ganyayyaki ta hanyar launin fari, a kan mai tushe a cikin nau'in ulcers. Idan ya zo ga 'ya'yan itacen, aibobi ya bayyana a kansu, da sauri juya zuwa cikin duhu ulcers. Yin rigakafin yaƙi da tabo daidai yake da na mildew powdery. Bugu da ƙari, tare da kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani, yin amfani da ƙwayar Bordeaux mai yiwuwa;
  

  Lokacin da zaren zaitun ganye an rufe shi da duhu aibobi

• Anthracnose ya bayyana a cikin nau'i na manyan rawaya masu launin shuɗi akan ganye, mai tushe da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Ba da daɗewa ba spots juya pinkish. Musamman ma sau da yawa, cutar na faruwa tare da babban zafi na kasar gona da iska, wanda aka lura da mafi yawan lokuta a cikin gidajen katako. Idan cutar ta ci gaba, tsire-tsire suna mutuwa. Tare da kulawar da ta dace na shuka, cutar ba ta da wuya, kuma tare da bayyanar ta, ban da shirye-shiryen sulfur, maganin 1% na Bordeaux cakuda na iya taimakawa.
  

  Tare da anthracnose, facin launuka masu launin ruwan hoda sun bayyana akan 'ya'yan itaciyar

Melon aphids da gizo-gizo mites ne mafi hatsari kwari da kankana. Ba su kai hari ga 'ya'yan itãcen ba, amma suna lalata ganye sosai, suna shan ruwan' ya'yan itace daga gare su. Tunda mummunan lalacewar ganyayyaki yana haifar da mutuwarsu, tsire-tsire ba sa karɓar adadin abincin da ya dace kuma yana iya mutuwa a sakamakon. Yin rigakafin harin kwaro ne mai tsananin canza kayan amfanin gona a gonar da kulawar sako lokaci. Lokacin da yawancin significantan kwari suka bayyana, ya zama dole a yi amfani da karbofos ko kuma ingantaccen bayani na soapy.

Melon aphid tsotsa ruwan itace

Daga cikin manyan kwari, tsuntsaye ma sun cancanci ambata, musamman ma hankakan, wanda ke ƙyamar wani muhimmin ɓangare na amfanin gona cikakke.

Girbi da adanawa

A tsakiyar band, ana iya tsammanin kankana a ƙarshen Yuli. Don ƙarin ko da farfadowa, ana juya su idan zai yiwu tare da bangarori daban-daban zuwa rana. Abu ne mai sauƙin yanke hukunci game da balaga da kankana a kan gado fiye da kankana: a lokacin balaga, sun sami launi na halayyar iri-iri, kuma a lokuta da yawa har ma ba tare da yankan turare mai dadi ba. Idan guna ba ya ɗanɗano kaɗan, yana da kyau: nisancinta zai ci gaba lokacin farko lokacin ajiya. Amma ainihin 'ya'yan itatuwa da ba a shirya ba su da daraja: ba za su kai ga ɗauka ba, amma a ɓoye. Ba za ku iya barin guna da yawa a cikin lambu ba fiye da lokacin da aka kayyade: lokacin da za a sake farfadowa, nau'ikan da yawa sun fashe, bayan wannan saukakkun tsuntsaye da kwari daban-daban suna shafar su.

Kwalayen an yanka tare da furenti 4-5 cm tsayi .. Dole ne a kwashe su zuwa wurin ajiya a hankali, akan zuriyar mai laushi, kariya daga rawar jiki. A bu mai kyau a adana su daban da sauran 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari. Yawancin nau'ikan da aka girma a yankuna na tsakiya ba batun batun dogon lokacin ajiya bane, amma yana da daraja sanin cewa ƙarshen melons za'a iya adana shi a cikin yanayin da ya dace har zuwa watanni shida. Wannan, da farko, ƙarancin zafin jiki (1-3 ° C) kuma ba zafi sosai ba (70-80%).

Girma ingantacciyar guna a cikin layin tsakiyar ba abu mai sauƙi bane: yawancin nau'ikan basu da lokacin shuka. Amma daga cikin ripening akwai iri da kuma hybrids cewa ba 'ya'yan itãcen marmari sosai. Yakamata mazaunin bazara ya kasance mai haƙuri, tunda yana da kyawawa don haɓaka guna ta hanyar seedlings, kuma a cikin gonar don kulawa da shi. A karkashin irin wannan yanayi, a cikin kewayen birni yana da matukar yiwuwa don faranta wa kanka rai tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ƙanshi.