Actinidia na hujja ba kasafai ba ne a cikin gidajen gidajen 'yan lambu na Rasha. A halin yanzu, wannan shuka tayi nasarar hada kyawawan fitowar tare da kasancewar kyawawan 'ya'yan itace masu lafiya. Amfaninta kuma sun haɗa da kulawa da rashin fassara, kyakkyawar juriya sanyi da yawan aiki.
Abin da Hujjojin Actinidia suke kama
Actinidia na gardamar (wanda aka fassara daga Latin - “m”) itace ce mai murɗaɗɗiyar itacen inabi, wadda aka yi amfani da ita cikin zane wuri mai faɗi da girma a matsayin shuka mai 'ya'yan itace. Homelandasar mahaifarta ita ce yankuna na arewacin China, Japan. A Rasha, ana samun tsire a cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya, kazalika da Sakhalin da tsibirin Kuril. Ingancin rayuwar creeper shine shekaru 75-90. Ta kawo kayan amfanin gona na farko a shekara ta biyar bayan dasawa a cikin ƙasa.
Kara
Tushe na actinidia hujja na iya girma zuwa 20-30 m a tsawon. Haka kuma, ya zama bakin ciki - 15-20 cm a diamita. Yayin da yake girma, gindinsa zai zama kamar layi, yana canza launin zaitun zuwa launin toka-mai launin toka-toka. Kara suna juyawa sosai, sabili da haka, lokacin da ake girma shuka a cikin bauta, ya zama dole a samar dashi da baka, trellis, sauran tallafi wanda liana zata iya hawa.
The actinidia na hujja a kan wani goyon baya kama fi amfani da m yanki na rikice harbe
Bar
Ganyen Actinidia suna da matukar kyan gani a duk tsawon lokacin. Kafin fure, ana zana su a cikin koren launi mai cike da shuɗi, bayan wannan sun haskaka haske zuwa launin shuɗi mai haske. A cikin bazara, sukan canza sautikan su akai-akai daga lemun tsami mai haske zuwa shuɗi mai haske da duhu burgundy. Farantin takardar yana da siffar yatsun fuska mai yalwa mai mahimmanci mai kaifi mai mahimmanci. Tsawon takardar ya kai 8-12 cm, nisa shine 3-5 cm, an yanke gefuna tare da kananan cloves. Suna Bloom a farkon bazara, suna fada a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na Oktoba.
Godiya ga ƙararren ganyen ganye, gardamar actinidium ta sami sunan ta
Pollination
Kamar sauran actinidia, hujja tana cikin rukunin tsire-tsire masu dioecious. Wannan yana nufin cewa yawan girbin na yau da kullun zai yiwu ne kawai idan akwai maza da mata bushes akan ƙaddarar a rabo na kimanin 1: 5. Tsohon ya taka rawar pollinators, yayin da ƙarshen ripen berries. Masu shayarwa na zamani sunyi birgima da ire-irensu wadanda aka sanya su matsayin mai-son kai, amma aikatawa ya nuna cewa wannan ba gaskiya bane. Ba tare da pollinator ba, berries suna kanannan su, kuma yawan kayan masarufi ya ragu sosai.
Kuna iya bambanta tsirrai maza daga na mace kaɗai lokacin furanni. Tsohon yana halin kasancewar adadi mai yawa na sito a cikin rashin pestle. Furannin furanni suna da guda ɗaya (ƙasa da yawa a tattara a inflorescences na uku), babba. Maza suna da yawa karami, inflorescences a cikin nau'i na garkuwa ko laima.
Furannin fure actinidia gardama tsire suna da sauki a gano ta wurin rashin kwaro
Fulawa da 'ya'yan itace
A lokacin furanni, gardamar actinidia ta ba da ƙanshin mai ban sha'awa mai ban mamaki, mai kama da ƙanshin furanni na kwari ko fure mai fure. Furancinta fararen dusar ƙanƙara ne ko launin kore-kore, maimakon babba (2-2.5 cm a diamita). Ana ta kwarara zuwa kimanin makonni biyu da rabi, fara daga ƙarshen Mayu. Pollen yayi duhu sosai, kusan baki ne.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari wannan Liana a shekara, yana da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Kimanin kilogiram 15-20 na berries an cire shi daga tsiron ya girma, yana kama da kiwi kadan ko manyan gooseberries a siffar. Fushinsu yana da taushi, yana da dandano mai daɗi mai daɗi da ƙamshi mai daɗi. Mafi yawancin lokuta, ana kwatanta shi da ƙanshin abarba, ko da yake ga wasu yana kama da apples, ayaba ko apricots. Kwasfa da yawancin nau'ikan launin kore ne mai haske, wasu lokuta tare da ratsi mai duhu mai tsaye. Amma akwai wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan shayarwa ta hanyar masu shayarwa tare da mayu mai ruwan hoda mai haske.
Matsakaicin tsawon 'ya'yan itace shine 2-3 cm, nisa shine 1.5-2.8 cm berry yana nauyin 4.5-6. Girbi ya girma a ƙarshen Satumba, fruiting yana makonni 2-2.5. Berries ba su faɗi daga daji na dogon lokaci, koda kuwa yanayin yanayi baiyi kyau ba.
'Ya'yan itãcen nau'ikan nau'ikan hujja na actinidia sun bambanta ƙwarai da sifa da girma.
Amfani da 'ya'yan itace
The berries ba kawai dadi, amma har da lafiya sosai. Sun ƙunshi mafi yawan bitamin C fiye da lemons, buckthorn teku da blackcurrant. Bitamin A, P da Q, keratin, acid acid, flavonoids da saponins suma suna cikin manyan taro.
Amfanin magani mai zafi ba ya wahala a kowace hanya, kuma ana adana ƙanshin halayyar, don haka hujjojin actinidia yana da kyau don samar da 'ya'yan itace stewed, tsare, jam, jellies, da sauran samfuran gida.. A wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar amfani da jita-jita kawai na enameled ba tare da kwakwalwan kwamfuta ba (an lalata bitamin C ta hanyar saduwa da karfe) kuma adana kayan aikin a cikin duhu (hasken rana yana lalata abubuwa masu yawa).
Lokacin maganin zafi, amfanin actinidia baya raguwa, saboda haka ana yawan amfani dashi don kayan aikin gida.
'Ya'yan itãcen gardamar actinidia ana amfani dasu sosai a maganin gargajiya. An ba da shawarar su idan akwai matsaloli tare da ƙwayar gastrointestinal, don magance parasites. An yi imanin cewa suna hana ci gaban ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwacen daji, gami da masu cuta. Juice yana taimakawa wajen yakar kumburi, yana karfafa ganuwar jijiyoyin jini. Ana bada shawarar yin amfani da sabbin berries don amfani da su don karfafa rigakafi, tare da rashin isasshen jini da rashi na bitamin, kasancewar cututtukan gajiya mai rauni.
A gida, a Sin da Japan, an yi amfani da hujjar actinidia a cikin shimfidar wuri mai faɗi. Daga gare ta suna yin shinge da “ganuwar bango” wanda zai iya taimaka wajan ɓar da wasu ginin da ba a sani ba akan shafin. Hakanan zaka iya yin ado da gazebo, baranda da sauransu.
An yi amfani da hujjar actinidia a cikin shimfidar wuri mai faɗi
Bidiyo: muhawara actinidia girbi
Daban-daban na actinidia hujja
Zabi na zamani yana ba da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan hujja mai fa'ida cikin gida da asalin ƙasashen waje. Tsarin sanyi na yawancin su yana ba ku damar haɓaka al'adu a duk faɗin Rasha.
Balsamic
Marigayi ire-iren, berries ripen a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na Satumba. 'Ya'yan itãcen suna nauyi a matsakaita 5-6 g, amma akwai kuma masu zakarun da nauyinsu ya kai 8 g. Siffar kusan tana layi daya tare da kololuwar zagaye, 2 cm a diamita ko dan ƙara girma.
'Ya'yan itãcen actinidia na Balsamnaya hujja iri dabam dabam dan kadan a cikin girman
Thean itacen berry yana da santsi, kore mai haske a launi tare da tint launin ruwan kasa. Ku ɗanɗani sourness daban-daban. Thewanƙwasa yana da laushi, tare da ƙanshin tart, kamar daɗin kamshin alluran Pine.
Lunar
Ofaya daga cikin sabbin kayan kiwo, wanda aka ƙaddamar musamman don namo a cikin karkara da yankuna kewaye. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari mãsu fure a farkon farkon kaka (matsakaici marigayi iri-iri).
Actinidia na Lunnaya hujja daya ne daga cikin sabbin nasarorin da masu shayarwa na Rasha suka samu
A berries ba su da girma, a cikin nau'i na dan kadan flayled Silinda a tarnaƙi. Matsakaicin nauyi - 3-4.5 g, tsawon - kimanin 2.5 cm .. Fata yana da santsi, inuwa zaitun. 'Ya'yan itacen suna dandana mai daɗi tare da ɗan ɗimbin nutsuwa mai sauƙi.
Satumba
Ofaya daga cikin shahararrun nau'ikan tsakanin lambu na Rasha. Yankin Satumba yana da nau'i biyu na actinidia - launuka da gardama, wanda ya bambanta da halaye, don haka lokacin sayen, yakamata ku faɗi abin da daidai kuke buƙata. Matsakaicin tsayin itacen inabin kamar 7 m. Fulawa yayi tsayi da yawa - thean itacen yana ɗaukar kwanaki 18-25. Amma lokacin samarwa bai da tsayi ba - shekaru 30-40.
Gaskiyar Magana game da Satumbar Satumbar an yaba da shi sosai don mahimmancin 'ya'yan itacen.
Bishiyoyin suna da matsakaici a ciki, kadan ba su da tsayi cm 2. Kwasfa yana cike da farin launi a cikin launi, an rufe shi da bangarorin diagonal koda inuwa mai duhu. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne mai taushi da kuma mai dadi, sourness da wuya rarrabuwa. 'Ya'yan itacen suna kama da abarba a cikin ɗanɗano, ko da yake ga wasu ga alama yana kama da apple.
A watan Satumba na actinidia na gardamar yana da sanyi mai tsauri, tare da daskarewa zuwa ƙasa -40 down. Matsakaicin girma na harbe a kowace kakar shine 1.5-2 m.
Tekuna
Babban-fruited mace iri-iri Marigayi ripening. Mawallafin mallakar ɗayan shahararrun shayarwa ne waɗanda suka yi aiki tare da actinidia - E.I. Tsiran alade. Ana nuna Liana ta yawan haɓakawa, haushi a kan harbe shine launin ruwan cakulan, matte. Ganyayyaki masu launin kore ne mai haske tare da wata alama mai launin shuɗi. A kan jijiya ta tsakiya, suna dan kadan su tanƙwara ciki.
Muhawara ta Actinidia Primorskaya - daya daga cikin nasarorin mai shayarwa E.I. Tsiran alade
Matsakaicin nauyin berry shine 7-8 g, tsawonsa yakai kimanin cm 2.5-3. Siffar shine sililin, elongated, tare da tushe mai zagaye da kuma biri. Fatar tayi mai sheki mai haske, mai tarin yawa, mai ruwan lemun tsami, an rufe ta da nau'ikan sabbin abubuwa waɗanda bayyane suke iya taɓawa. Dandano ɓangaren litattafan almara daidai ne, mai daɗi kuma mai daɗi. Danshi mai kamshi mai kama da kamshin kwalayen halayen ne. Taswararrun masu tasirin ƙwararru, an yi masa alama a maki 4.5 cikin biyar. Zamanin 'ya'yan itace yana har tsawon makonni 3-4.
Resistanceanƙarar sanyi a cikin wannan nau'in yana tsakanin -20 ºС. Ba ya fama da cututtuka kuma ba sa fuskantar karin kwari. Don fruiting, ana buƙatar kasancewar tsire-tsire namiji. Ko da mafi alh ifri idan akwai kudan zuma amya a nan kusa.
Geneva
Daya daga cikin shahararrun nau'ikan hujjojin actinidia a Amurka. Inarancin kai, ana buƙatar tsire-tsire na maza don pollination. Ya kasance nau'in marigayi-ripening (amfanin gona ya farfado a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na Satumba ko a farkon Oktoba). Bishiyoyin suna da girma, mai siffar ganga, matsakaicin nauyin tayin shine 6-8.5 g. Yana jure yanayin hunturu na sanyi har zuwa -30 ºС, amma ana iya shafar sanyi ta hanyar sanyi lokacin sanyi. Ya bambanta a cikin girma: matsakaicin tsawon itacen inabi shine 8-12 m, idan ba ku datsa kullun, ya kai 30 m.
'Ya'yan itãcen actinidia hujja Geneva kusan misali dandano ne
Harbe, yayin da suke girma, canza launi daga kodadde launin toka-launin toka-launin ruwan kasa. Lokacin da furanni suka yi fure, daskararren dusar ƙanƙara mai kyau-ta bambanta da mai launin shuɗi haske.
A berries ne mai dadi, tare da dan kadan m acidity. A tsari ne babu ban sha'awa, dan kadan elongated. Dandano da ƙamshi suna ambaton bayanin kula na zuma. Geneva don actinidia kusan shine tushen dandano. Amma 'ya'yan itatuwa dole ne a tattara a kan lokaci, su da sauri soften da crumble daga harbe. Fatar ta yi kauri, kore mai haske, inda rana ta fadi a kanta, rasberi mai kaushi ko aibobi masu kyau suna bayyana.
Ganyen fure
Manyan -a fruan itace (8-10 g) iri-iri mai saurin haihuwa. A berries ne elliptical. Bambanta cikin ɗanɗano daɗin balsamic. A ɓangaren litattafan almara mai dadi ne, mai taushi, tare da ɗan ɗimbin acidity. Kwasfa mai launin zaitun. Yawan aiki ba shi da ɗan ƙanƙanana - 1.5-3 kg a kowace shuka. Yankin hunturu a tsakanin -25 ºС.
'Ya'yan itãcen actinidia hujja Green Balsam suna da banbancin takamaiman jita-jita wanda ba kowa ke so ba
Farka
Namiji iri-iri, pollinator na duniya ga duk nau'ikan mace na rigimar actinidia. A lokaci guda, ba zai dace da pollination na sauran actinidia (alal misali, mulkin mallaka, al'adar auren mata fiye da ɗaya). Rashin ƙwayar pollination a cikin waɗannan tsire-tsire ba sa faruwa.
Namijin namiji na rigimar actinidia na Veiki shine mai ba da izini ga gama gari na mata
Liana tana da ado sosai - ganyayyaki sun yi laushi, haske, daga zurfin kore mai duhu, kamar dai ta wucin gadi. Petioles launin ja ne mai duhu. Juriya sanyi ba ta da kyau - har zuwa -30 ºС. Veinia actinidia blooms a watan Yuni. Furanni ƙananan, an tattara su cikin inflorescences corymbose. A inji ne kula da sanyi zayyana.
Akwai kuma wata mace jinsin actinidia hujja da wannan suna. Wajibi ne a tantance abin da daidai kuke siya. 'Ya'yan itãcen suna da girma, suna da nauyin 7-8 g da tsawon 3-3.5 cm. elwal ɗin yana da haske kore mai ruwan toka da launin toka. Fruiting yana farawa a farkon shekaru goma na Oktoba.
Jinsin mace na actinidia na gardamar Veiki yana cikin rukuni na nau'ikan Marigayi
Issei (ko Issai)
A actinidia iri ne hujja ne 'yan qasar Japan. Masu kirkirar suna sanya su matsayin mai daurin rai-da-kai, ga dukkan nau'ikan da ake dasu a halin yanzu wadanda suke da hakki ga wannan suna, amma aikatawa yana nuna kasancewar tsirrai maza dake kusa suna kara yawan amfanin gona.
Muhawara Actinidia Issei tana da matsayin mahalicta azaman iri-iri mai saurin haihuwa
Berries tare da mai laushi, mai ƙanshi mai daɗin rai a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na Satumba. Proansar ƙanshi na abarba shine halaye. Matsakaicin tsawon 'ya'yan itace shine 3-4 cm, nauyi shine 10-15 g .. An rufe fata mai zaitun tare da gajeren fenti na jan karfe.
Lokaci na farko ya bada 'ya'yan itace Liana don kaka mai zuwa. Karamin abu ne (kawai tsawon 3-4 m), saboda haka ya zama cikakke ga kananan shirye-shiryen lambun.
Liana tana jure yanayin zafi har zuwa -25 ºС ba tare da nuna wariyar kanta ba. Yana da matukar kula ga fari da kuma gurɓata ƙasa. Rayuwa mai amfani da tsirrai tayi kimanin shekaru 30 kenan. Ganyayyaki suna tsawon 18-23 cm, mai yawa, ƙyalli ga taɓawa, inuwa ta gilashin kwalban. Furanni suna da yawa, 2.5-3 cm a diamita, kirim mai tsami.
Jumbo
A actinidia iri ne hujja ɗan asalin zuwa Italiya. Siffar halayyar itace fruitsan itacen cylindrical 5.5-6 cm tsayi .. Matsakaicin matsakaicin itacen berry shine 25-30 g .. Fatar fata mai haske ko lemun tsami, mai kauri. Actinidia Jumbo kusan babu ƙanshi, amma 'ya'yan itatuwa suna da daɗi kuma ana iya adana su na dogon lokaci. Don ɗanɗano, ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da kusan bambanta daga kiwi. Girbi ya farfado a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na Satumba ko a farkon watan Oktoba.
Jumbo's actinidia gardama ce game da kyakkyawan jigilar kayayyaki da kuma tsawon rayuwar rayuwa.
Tsawon tsayin itacen inabin shine 8-9 m. Ya bambanta a cikin girman girma, yana ƙara 2.5-3 m kowace kakar. Flow ya takaice - yana wuce kwanaki 7-10. Sanyin sanyi a -30-. Fruiting yana buƙatar kasancewar mai aiwatar da abubuwan pollinator (Veiki, Bayern Kiwi).
Karfin gwal
Bambancin actinidia hujja ce game da zaɓi na Rasha. Tana da matukar tsananin sanyi lokacin sanyi, har zuwa -40 ºС. The berries ne mai dadi, matsakaici nauyi (9-10 g), m apple dandano ne muhimmi a ɓangaren litattafan almara. A fata ne santsi, matte, greenish-rawaya. Siffar ta elliptical, dan kadan elongated.
Arginent Argument Golden braid ya bayyana a fili don tsananin tsananin juriya
Liana tana da iko, ganyayyaki manya ne, kore kore. Daga nesa suna ganin kusan baki ne. Zai iya kaiwa tsawon 28-30 m, yana ƙara 2-3 m kowace shekara. Yana blooms quite marigayi - a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Yuni. A furanni masu ruwan fure-fari, diamita na fure kusan 2 cm.
Kokuva
Wani nau'in Jafananci, wanda aka sanya shi azaman kansa, yana cikin nau'in tsakiyar-marigayi. Girbi ya farfado a tsakiyar Satumba. Cold juriya - a tsakanin -20-22 ºС. Kokuva ba shi da kyau sosai game da turɓar ruwan ƙasa da acidation na ƙasa.
Kokuva gardamar actinidia liana is a compact, dace da girma a cikin kananan lambun lambu
Liana ya kai tsawon mil 5-6, tsawon shekara - 1.5-2-2. 'Ya'yan itaciyar suna da daɗi, baƙon acid da ake gani da ƙanshin lemon tsami. Fata na bakin ciki. Berries ɗin suna da matsakaici, mai tsawo, har zuwa tsawon 2-2.5 cm. An adana su na dogon lokaci.
Relay tsere
Itace mai matukar iko sosai tare da manyan ganyayyaki kore. Otsan buɗe ido yayin da tsire-tsire ke girma launi canza launi daga hasken kore zuwa bulo. Resistanceanƙarar sanyi har zuwa -30-35 ºС.
Actinidia Argument Relay Bambancin Relay wata shuka ce da ke da ganyayyaki sosai
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu nauyin 15-18 g suna da siffar ruɓaɓɓen ruɓi daga sassan. Fata ne maras ban sha'awa, mai launin shuɗi-mai launin ruwan kasa. Dankalin yana da dadi, ƙanshin abu wani abu ne tsakanin abarba da ciyawar daji. Ko da gaba daya cikakke berries ba su fada kashe harbe.
Taiga Emerald
Yawancin zaɓi na Rashan na Rasha a cikin Satumba. The berries ne matsakaici-sized, cylindrical a siffar, auna 3.5-4 g da tsawon 2-2.5 cm Fata ne maras ban sha'awa, kore kore. A dandano da ƙanshi na wannan actinidia yayi kama da lambun strawberries.
Matsakaicin tsayi na itacen inabi yayi ƙanƙara - 3-4 m. Ganyayyaki sune yanki ɗaya, kore mai haske. Resistanceanƙarar sanyi a -28-30 ºС. Iri-iri ne ba masu-kai bane. Yana jure hasken rana mai haske da inuwa mara ma'ana ba tare da matsaloli ba. Ba a hana shi da tsire-tsire mafi girma ba.
Abarba
The actinidia iri-iri na hujja, wani lokacin ana samunsu a ƙarƙashin acronym ANNA. Bambanci a cikin yawan kayan masarufi, kyakkyawar dandano na 'ya'yan itatuwa da kyakkyawan jigilar su.Sunan nau'ikan yana faruwa ne saboda halayyar da aka ambata ƙanshin ƙanshi a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara. Tasteanɗar da itacen oval yana da daɗi, mai daɗi da m, yana da kama da kiwi. Fata na bakin ciki ne, tsaba suna kanana, kusan ba a jinsu. Inda haskoki na rana ya fadi akan 'ya'yan itace, launin ja mai launin ruwan hoda mai haske.
A actinidia na abarba hujja ne kusan babu da zuciyar da sunflower tsaba.
Tsawon itacen inabi ya kai 10 m. Fruiting yana faruwa a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na Oktoba. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa shine kilogiram 5-7 daga shuka mai girma.
Viti Kiwi
Gardenersarancin iri-iri wanda ya yi iri-iri wanda ya samar da lambun magatakarwa da kuma ƙwararrun manoma. Fata ne mai haske kore, m, siffar 'ya'yan itacen yana da kullun, m. An cire amfanin gona na farko riga a cikin shekara ta biyu na kasancewa a cikin ƙasa bude. Kasancewar tsire-tsire maza na kusa yana ba da gudummawa ga faɗaɗa yawan berries da haɓaka yawan aiki.
Babu wani tsaba a cikin 'ya'yan itãcen actinidia na hujja na iri-iri Viti Kiwi
Liana girma zuwa 8-10 m tsawon. Girbi ya farfado a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Satumba, tsire-tsire ya yi fure a ƙarshen bazara. Tsarin sanyi - har zuwa -24-26 ºС. Very rashi alaka da acidification na kasar gona da sanyi zayyana.
Lambun Mallaka
Nasarar da ke haifar da shayarwa ta Yukren, wacce aka sani ba kawai a cikin kasashen tsohuwar USSR ba, har ma a cikin kasashen waje. Dankin na iya zama mace da namiji. Sunan nau'ikan yana faruwa ne saboda sautin fata na burgundy mai ban mamaki. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ɗaya ne, silinti a sifa, har zuwa 4 cm tsayi kuma suna nauyin 5-6 g. Jiki launi iri ɗaya ne da na bakin ciki. Ko da gaba daya cikakke berries ba crumble.
Hujjojin actinidia na Purple Garden sun tabbatar da sunan
Liana ya jimre sanyi zuwa -25 ºС ba tare da lalacewa ba. Matsakaicin matsakaici shine 3-5 m. harbe-harbe sune bakin ciki, launin ruwan kasa mai duhu a launi. Girbi ya farfado a watan Satumba ko kuma a farkon Oktoba.
Bidiyo: jinsunan Actinidia da nau'ikan shahararrun
Yadda ake shuka shuka a ƙasa
Kyakkyawan zaɓi na shafin don muhawara actinidia shine mabuɗin don yawan amfani a nan gaba. Wannan tsire-tsire ba ya yarda da hasken rana kai tsaye ba, sau da yawa ana fama da ƙonewa. Zai fi kyau sanya itacen itacen inabi a cikin inuwa mai ƙyalƙyali. Amma rashin haske da zafi ne wanda ba a ke so - ba daidai ba yana shafar yawan da dandano na berries.
Actinidia da gaske ba ta son zayyanar sanyi, don haka a wani ɗan nesa daga shuka ya zama shinge na halitta ko na wucin gadi wanda ke rufe shi daga arewa.
Muhawara ta Actinidia ba ta son rana mai haske, musamman tsire-tsire matasa
Preasa ta fi son kwance, abinci mai gina jiki, tsaka tsaki ko ɗan ɗanɗano acidic (pH 5.0-6.5). Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine loam ko ƙasa mai yashi. Tumbin yumɓu, yumɓu, kayan peat, har da wuraren da ruwan karkashin ƙasa yake kusa da mititi daga saman duniya, ba a dacewa.
Kuna iya dasa shuki a lokacin bazara da damina. Ya dogara da sauyin yanayi a wani yanki na musamman. Zaɓin farko shine mafi kyau duka wuraren da ke da yanayin dumin yanayi, inda yanayin ba zai iya faɗi ba, kuma lokacin hunturu yana da matuƙar wuya daidai da kalandar. Mafi kyawun lokacin shine farkon Mayu, kafin fara aiki mai gudana na ruwan ɓoye ya fara. Tsarin kaka ya dace da subtropics mai ɗumi. A lokaci guda, kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa akwai aƙalla watanni biyu waɗanda suka rage kafin sanyi na farko.
Seedlingsan shekaru biyu-biyu seedlings dauki tushen mafi kyau. Kuna buƙatar siyan su kawai a cikin shaguna na musamman ko wuraren kiwo, kuma ba a bikin kiwo ba, har ma fiye da haka tare da hannuwanku. Wannan garanti ne na ingancin kayan shuka. Yana da kyau cewa gandun daji yana cikin yanki ɗaya. A wannan yanayin, an riga an daidaita kayan dasawa zuwa yanayin damina da yanayin yanayi.
Lokacin yin sayan, bayar da zaɓi ga seedling tare da rufaffiyar tsarin. Tushen tsirran suna da rauni sosai. Fiye da mintina biyar a sararin sama don cutar da su sosai.
Rufe tushen tsarin actinidia seedlings suna tabbas zai tsira daga harkokin sufuri
Ingantaccen zurfin rami na saukowa don gardamar actinidia shine 65-70 cm tare da diamita na 50-60 cm. Lokacin dasa shuki da yawa tsire-tsire a lokaci guda, aƙalla mita biyu zuwa uku ne ya rage a tsakanin su, sai dai idan an shirya samuwar shinge. A wannan yanayin, an rage tazara zuwa 0.5 m. A gaba, kuna buƙatar samar da wuri don trellis, arche, da sauran tallafi. Idan kun fara gina shi bayan dasawa, akwai haɗarin cutar da tushen tsiron.
An shirya ramin rami sau 15-20 kafin sauka. A kasan, ana buƙatar murfin magudana na akalla 10-12 cm lokacin farin ciki. Kuna iya amfani da yumɓu mai yumɓu, ƙwaƙwalwa, yumbu, yumbu da sauransu. Amfani da ciyawar da aka samo daga ramin an haɗe shi da humus (20 l), superphosphate mai sauƙi (150-180 g) da potassium sulfate (50-70 g). Za'a iya maye gurbin takin mai ƙasa tare da ash ash (1.5 l). Duk wani samfuran dake dauke da sinadarin chlorine an cire shi a fili.
Hakanan shuka ba ya son lemun tsami, ba a amfani dashi don dawo da ma'aunin acid-base zuwa al'ada.
Ana buƙatar babban farin magudana a ƙasan ramin saitin don gardamar actinidia
Babu wani abu mai rikitarwa game da saukowa. Hanyar tayi kama da wannan:
- Minti 30 zuwa 40 kafin dasa shuki, ganyen da actinidia an yayyafa shi cikin ruwa a zazzabi a daki har ya rufe ƙasa gaba daya. Zaka iya ƙara potassium permanganate zuwa kodadden ruwan hoda ko kowane biostimulant. Na farko shi ne don tawaya, na biyu shine a karfafa garkuwar garkuwar.
- An cire Actinidia daga tukunya, yana ƙoƙarin ƙoƙarin lalata wasan ƙwallon ƙafa. A cikin motsi a kasan ramin saitin sa karamin rauni kuma sanya tsire a ciki.
- Rami da kyau, a cikin kananan rabo daga ƙasa fada barci. Ana buƙatar yawancin substrate domin gefen ramin ya zame tare da fuskar ƙasa. Ba a kafa rami ba. Wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga tsayayyen ruwa, wanda gardamar actinidia ba ta so. Tushen tushe yakamata ya zama 1-2 cm sama da matakin ƙasa.
- An shayar da seedling, yana ciyar da lita 7-10 na ruwa. Lokacin da aka ɗora shi, da'irar kusa-kusa, kusan daidaitawa a diamita tare da ramin saukowa, an rufe shi da peat, humus, sawdust, da ciyawa mai yanɗani. Ko zaka iya ɗaure shi da kayan rufewar iska. Yana da mahimmanci cewa watan farko da rabi tushen tsire-tsire koyaushe suna cikin inuwa.
A bu mai kyau don kare sabon shuka actinidia daga rana, wannan ya shafi duka tushen da ganye
Mafi mummunar maƙwabta don actinidia shine itacen apple. Gabaɗaya, ba ta son bishiyoyi masu ba da 'ya'ya da ƙila za su “maishe su”. An sanya shi kusa da bushes na currant. Duk wani ganyen gado da yake kwance kasar gona da shi daidai kuma yana da amfani. Actinidia na gardamar tana da ban mamaki da ke kewaye da furanni masu haske na shekara-shekara - marigolds, viola, asters, gerberas, petunias. Ba su bane "masu fafatawa" a gare ta, tsotsa abubuwan gina jiki daga ƙasa.
The actinidia na hujja dasa a cikin ƙasa dole ne a kewaye da net ko kuma haifar da wani cikas wanda ke kare shi daga kuliyoyi
Bidiyo: yadda ake shuka actinidia
Nasihun Kula Kula da Iyaye
Actinidia na gardamar ana daukar su wani tsiro ne wanda ba a shirya shi ba. Don kulawa da ita kuma karɓar amfanin gona a kai a kai har ma da waɗanda ba su da ƙwarewar aikin lambu.
Watse
Yana da mahimmanci a sami tsakiyar tsakiyar anan. Dankin ya mayar da martanar ga rashin busar bushewa da kuma mamayar da ƙasa. Duk biyun, da wani na iya rusa shi. Sabili da haka, ana daidaita matsakaici tsakanin ban ruwa ya dogara da yanayin yanayi akan titi.
A cikin matsanancin zafi, tsire-tsire mai tsufa yana cinye 60-80 L na ruwa kowane kwanaki 5-7.
Kowane lokaci bayan shayarwa, kasar gona a kusa-da'irar karar da aka kwance, amma m. Kamar yadda ya cancanta, sabunta ciyawa Layer. Tushen tsarin tsirrai na sama ne, saboda haka kuna buƙatar kulawa da shi a hankali.
Hanyar da aka fi so ita ce yayyafa ko zana ruwa daga ruwa, simulating ruwan sama na halitta. A cikin matsanancin zafi, yana da kyau a fesa ganyen a evenari da maraice.
Aikace-aikacen taki
Ana ciyar da Actinidia sau uku a shekara. Lokacin farko ana amfani da takin mai magani a tsakiyar watan Afrilu. 20-25 g na urea, ammonium nitrate, da kuma ammonium sulfate a cikin bushe an rarraba su a cikin da'irar-kusa. Sau ɗaya a cikin shekaru biyu, a cikin aiwatar da ƙasa, ƙasa an gabatar da humus ko taki mai narkewa (15-20 l).
Urea yana da sakamako mai dorewa, saboda haka a hankali yana ba da abubuwan haɗin ma'adinai zuwa tsire-tsire na lambun
Don 'ya'yan itatuwa, tsire-tsire suna buƙatar phosphorus da potassium. 45-60 g na sauki superphosphate da 25-30 g na potassium sulfate suna narkar da a cikin 10 na ruwa kuma ana shayar da itacen inabi. Ana sake maimaita suturar iri ɗaya a cikin kaka, kwanaki 12-15 bayan ƙarshen 'ya'yan itace. A karo na biyu, zaka iya amfani da hadaddun shirye-shirye (ABA, Autumn) ko jiko na ash ash (gila biyu na lita 5 na ruwan zãfi).
Wood ash - cikakken takin gargajiya, asalin tushen potassium da phosphorus
Shirye-shiryen hunturu
The actinidia na hujja tun yana da shekaru biyar da mazan ba ya buƙatar shiri na musamman don hunturu. Ya isa ya tsaftace da'irar kusa-wuri daga tarkace kayan lambu da sabunta yanayin ciyawa, yana kawo kauri zuwa 12-15 cm.
Yawancin irin nau'in gardamar actinidia suna da kyakkyawan juriya na sanyi, saboda haka tsire-tsire matasa kawai suna buƙatar tsari don hunturu
An cire kananan tsire-tsire daga trellis, suna kwance kwanciyar hankali cikin kwanciyar hankali. An yayyafa su da ganye, bambaro, an rufe shi da rassan spruce kuma an kulle su da kayan rufewa. Da zaran isasshen dusar ƙanƙara ya faɗi, suna jefa tsarin sakamakon, yana haifar da dusar kankara. A cikin hunturu, zai sasanta, don haka sau 2-3 a kakar yana buƙatar sabunta shi, watse ɓawon burodi na wuya jiko wanda ke kan saman.
Bayan rasa ganye a cikin kaka, gardamar actinidia tana nuna rashin kulawa
Mai jan tsami
Tunda Liana sanannu ne game da hauhawar bunkasar ta, pruning wata doka ce wacce take wajaba akan ta. Irin waɗannan tsirrai suna da tsananin son rai kuma suna da kyan gani. Duk wani jan hankali yayin kwararar ruwan ruwa an haramta shi sosai. Ana yin daskarewa yayin da ganyayyaki suka faɗi (kusan wata daya kafin lokacin sanyi) ko kuma kusa da ƙarshen lokacin hunturu domin "raunukan" suna da lokaci don ɗan warkar da dan kadan.
Don yankan actinidia amfani kawai kaifi disinfected kayan aiki
Karo na farko kenan da za'ayi wannan aikin a karo na uku bayan dasa shuki a cikin qasa. Tabbatar ka cire duk bushe, karye, harbe marasa 'ya'ya, kazalika da waɗanda ba su da kyau (waɗanda ke bushewa kambi, ƙasa girma). Ragowar yana kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku, yana motsa ƙarin gwanin. An gyara su akan trellis, ana nuna su a tsaye sama ko ƙirƙirar tsari mai kama da fan. Na gaba shekara, da harbe ne perpendicular ga wannan.
Pingin wani muhimmin bangare ne na kulawar motsa jiki.
Kowane shekara 8-10, ana yin rigakafin tsufa. Dukkan harbe da suka girmi shekarun nan an cire su, suna barin kututture-20-santimita 20-30.
Bidiyo: Kula da Actinidia
Cutar da kwari
Cututtuka masu cutarwa, a matsayin mai mulkin, basu cancanci actinidia tare da hankalin su ba. Babban haɗarin da ke tattare da ita shine kuliyoyi, waɗanda zasu iya lalata harbe da kuma tushen shuka, suna ƙoƙarin zuwa ruwan 'ya'yan itace.
Daga cututtuka, inji kuma yana wahala sau da yawa. M, daban-daban iri rot, mold, tsokani da m waterlogging na kasar gona, na iya ci gaba. Don magance su, ana amfani da ruwa na Bordeaux, sulfate da sauran fungicides.
Bidiyo: nasihu don haɓaka actinidia lafiya
Lamburan ra'ayoyi
Don kewayen karkara zaka iya siyan hujja iri iri iri Issei. Jafananci Yana da tsayi 4 m. Liana tana da isasshen haihuwa, amma ba tare da tumatir ba tare da ɗan daji ya ninka ƙanana biyu (kamar a Colomicta). Amma dole ne a rufe shi, kamar irin nau'ikan blackberries, inabi, wardi. Amma yana ɗaukar fruita fruitan a shekara mai zuwa bayan dasa.
Stefan//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=2182&start=135
Mun girma da actinidia na Issai iri hujja. Daga cikin dukkanin actinidia, wannan nau'in yalwataccen tsari ne mai cin gashin kansa, mai da kansa, zaɓi na Jafananci. Pillarsaƙƙarfan ginshiƙai, ba tarun ba, sun fi dacewa don tallafi, tunda wannan itacen inabi ne mai ƙarfi. An kewaye mu da ginshiƙai uku. Balaguro, bi da bi, shima ya bar kyawawan abubuwa uku. Yayin da muke girma don shekara ta biyu, amma an riga an ba da 'ya'yan itacen kiwi, kodayake ba sosai. Bala'in ya rufe ko'ina cikin tallafin agogo, yana tashi da sauri.
Rietta//www.websad.ru/archdis.php?code=771934
Dangane da bayanin, abarba abar wasan kwaikwayon abarba ce wacce take jure tsananin sanyi zuwa -28 ºС. A cikin Samara, wannan nau'in daskarewa na shekara ta biyu (yawan zafin jiki na wannan lokacin hunturu ya koma -29.6 ºС). Kusan kashi 40 cikin dari na vines ɗin ana kiyaye su, theanukan sun buɗe da wuri. A karkashin yanayi iri ɗaya, itacen inabi akan nau'in Weiki ya daskare gaba ɗaya gwargwadon matakin murfin dusar ƙanƙara.
Sergey Lazurchenko//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=11024
My actinidia Geneva ta kasance "tana cin" tsawon shekara guda kuma baya son yayi fure ... Duk da yake babu pollinator - ya yi fure, mai sa pollinator ya bayyana - ya daina fure. Wannan bazara, ɗayan daji yana daɗaɗɗa da kyau, a cikin fall har yanzu zan datsa kuma tsari na ƙarshe. Na biyu daji bai taba. Winters a kan trellis ba tare da tsari. Zai yiwu fure-fure ya daskare ... Growarfin girma a matakin iri-iri Manyan frua fruan itace, iguaukaka.
Irina Kiseleva//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=11026
Na bar harbe-harbe na actinidia jumbo da aka gano a zazzabi na kusan -28 ºС. A lokacin bazara, raunin cutaway kore, amma tare da farkon lokacin girma girma buds bai yi girma ba, kuma yawancin harbe sun bushe. Amma juriya sanyi a cikin yanayi na na iya bambanta sosai tsakanin yankuna.
Andrii//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=396&page=169
New matasan irin actinidia hujja - Satumba, Kiev matasan, Kiev manyan-fruited (ranar tunawa), M gonar, siffa. Gaskiya ne, sun juya baya zama ƙasa-mai daɗewar hunturu fiye da yadda ake canza launi, amma a al'adunsu zasu iya jure sanyi har zuwa -30-35 down. A lokaci guda, ana rarrabe su da ƙarfin haɓaka mai girma, mai girma-fruited (nauyin 'ya'yan itace daga 8 zuwa 25 g), dandano mai kyau da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Zuwa yau, su ne mafi alƙawarin girma a tsakiyar Rasha.
Lia//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=10182&st=220
Tun 2000 Ina girma iri uku actinidia: Pavlovskaya, Satumba, da kuma wasu ba a sani ba. Aari da “yaro” wanda ba a san musanyarsa ba. Mafi yawancin suna son Pavlovskaya don haɓaka haɓaka, dogayen albarkatu masu girma da manyan fruan itace. Idan muka kwatanta shi da Sentyabrskaya, wanda, ga alama, yafi ƙarfin girma girma fiye da Pavlovskaya, to, tsohon yana lura da theanyen furanni na kowane fure. 'Ya'yan itacen suna da bambanci sosai, wanda ba za a iya faɗi game da Pavlovskaya ba, inda dukkanin berries ɗaya ne. Dukkan matan creepers suna musayar furanni tare da harbe-fure na tsire-tsire namiji yayin fure.
Foxbane//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=2182&start=810
Actinidia Septembera - mafi kyawun zuriya wanda aka zaba a shekarar 1968 daga zuriyar argut da aka gabatar daga China. Woody vigorous vigorous tare da babban karuwa a harbe. Ganyen yana da yawa, yadudduka a kan jijiyoyin, babu makawa, suna fitowa daga fadi-kai har zuwa yanayin-oval. Cloves na ganye suna da kaifi. Furanni suna dioecious, fari, babba (2.6 cm a diamita), bakwai-petalled, akan bakin ciyawa mai kauri, guda da uku a inflorescences, axillary. Fitsari ya girma, kumbura. Yana blooms a farkon Yuni. The berries ne oblong-elliptical a cikin siffar, duhu kore, m, kusa da peduncle - finely wrinkled (rippy), babba, mai nauyin 7-10 g .. Jikin ne mai haske kore, m, m, mai dadi, tare da m dandano. 'Ya'yan itãcen sun haɗu a farkon Satumba. Ana amfani da su sabo ne da gwangwani. Amfanin daga daji shine kilo 9-12. 'Ya'yan itãcen wannan iri-iri suna da wuya su rikice tare da wasu nau'in argut. A cikin wannan nau'in, ragowar kwaro suna daɗaɗawa sosai a cikin da'irar zuwa Berry, wanda ba hali ga sauran nau'in. Abubuwan al'ajabi na Grade: farkon farfadowa, abun sukari mai yawa a cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa. A iri ne hunturu Hardy.
Sergey Lazurchenko//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=11424
Mafi kyawun magana game da gardamar actinidia shine Kyaftin Lambun. A cikin Moscow, girma ba tare da tsari da cirewa daga tallafi ba. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a shekara, amma ba koyaushe ba ne.
Green layi//www.greeninfo.ru/fruits/actinidia_arguta_purpurea.html/Forum/-/tID/7150
A actinidia na hujja ne mai kyau da kuma amfani sosai shuka. Ko da 'yan lambu novice sun sami damar shuka itacen inabi kuma suna kula da shi. 'Ya'yan itãcensa an ƙimanta su don kyakkyawan dandano da ɗimbin bitamin, mai mahimmanci ga macro- da microelements.Russianasashen Rasha da na ƙasashen waje suna haɓaka sabbin nau'ikan iri.
