Akwai kimanin nau'in tumatir 4000. Girmansu ya bambanta daga "ceri" zuwa kyakkyawan "kabewa". Mafi yawan rubutun tumatir shine kilo 3.8. Dan McCoy, wanda ke zaune a Minnesota, Amurka, ya haife shi. Ana kira tumatir "Big Zach."
A wannan labarin, zamu gaya game da tumatir tumatir Black pear - watakila mafi shahararrun mashahuriyar launin fata a tsakanin baƙar fata tumatir. An ba da sunan saboda siffar da ake iya ganewa da kuma halayyarsa, kusan launin ruwan kasa.
Karanta a cikin labarin mu cikakken bayanin irin nau'ikan, da halaye da halaye na namo.
Black tumatir pear: bayanin iri-iri
Tumatir yana da nau'o'in iri da matsakaicin balaga, daga shuka tsaba don seedlings zuwa mataki na girbi na farko girbi ya kasance daga 110 zuwa 113 days. Ƙayyadadden daji, tare da mai iko, kullun mai tsabta ya kai mita 1.6-1.8.
Hanyoyin Abinci:
- Tumatir iri-iri "Ƙananan Pear" ƙananan, siffar halayyar, kama da karamin pear.
- Kayan tumatir daga 55 zuwa 80 grams.
- Very m.
- Launi na 'ya'yan itace shine burgundy duhu, kusan cikakken launin ruwan kasa lokacin da cikakke.
- Dauke ajiya mai kyau a lokacin sufuri.
- Ya dace da salting da pickling, a lokacin da amfani da sabo, mai girma don ado ado na salads.
Matsayi masu amfani:
- Tsayayya ga marigayi blight;
- Ƙara abun ciki na carotene;
- Kyakkyawan dandano;
- Tsayar da 'ya'yan itace;
- Kyakkyawan adanawa da gabatarwa;
- Rashin ɓoye tumatir.
Abubuwa mara kyau:
- Babban buƙata akan abun da ke ciki na ƙasa;
- Bukatar cire matakai.
Hotuna
Da ke ƙasa akwai hotunan tumatir, iri iri "Black pear":
Shawara don girma
Bisa ga sharuɗɗa da shawarwari da aka samu a kan raguwa, ana iya yin noma a yankunan kudancin Rasha, yankin tsakiya da Siberia suna buƙatar noma a mafakar fim ko greenhouses.
Yawancin lokacin da aka girma a cikin wani gine-gine zai kasance daga 3.0 zuwa 4.0 kilo ta daji. Lokacin da dasa shuki fiye da tsire-tsire hudu a kowace mita mita, zaka sami 12-15 kilogram na dadi na asalin tumatir.
Don mafi kyau sakamakon, yana da kyawawa don samar da wata daji a cikin biyu Trunks. Yana buƙatar tying wani daji. Don ƙirƙirar dajiyar daji da aka damu da shawarar akan trellis. Don kara tsawon lokacin da ake samarwa, ana bada shawara don yad da kambin kai bayan da ovary tare da goge 7-8. A cikin goga an samo daga 'ya'yan itatuwa 6 zuwa 8.
Cututtuka da kwari
Black kafa. Maganin mai cuta na cutar shi ne naman gwari wanda yake shafar mai tushe da ganye na shuka. A matsayin ma'auni, yana yiwuwa don bayar da shawarar dasa shuki mai yawa da yawa daga juna, rage ƙarar ban ruwa. Don prophylaxis, an bada shawarar yin amfani da ƙasa a lokacin da kake yin trichodermin.
Fusarium Mafi sau da yawa rinjayar matasa shuke-shuke a greenhouses. Maganar mai cutar da cutar ita ce naman gwari, mafi yawan aiki a yanayin zafi mai zurfi, kazalika da rashin haske. Don magancewa, ana bada shawara don cire shuka tare da clod na ƙasa. Sauran shuke-shuke za a iya fesa su tare da bayani na phytosporin.
Whitefly. Ƙananan ƙwayoyin farauta. Mafi sau da yawa parasitic on shuke-shuke a cikin greenhouse, wanda samun tare da iska ya kwarara. Don manufar prophylaxis, an bada shawara don rufe vents da gauze. Tsarin gwargwadon gwagwarmaya da kututturen launi a cikin gine-gine kusa da tumatir na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire da ganye tare da aktellik.
Gizo-gizo mite Mafi hatsarin hatsi yayin kafa yanayin zafi. Duk da ƙananan ƙananan, yana ɗaukar lamba. Yana tsotsa ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga ganyayyaki, wanda shine dalilin da yasa suke saya launi "marmara". A matsayin gwagwarmayar gwagwarmayar, yana yiwuwa a bayar da shawarar bayar da labaran miyagun ƙwayoyi "Fitoverm", a hankali a lura da umarnin akan kunshin.
