Thuja wata itaciya ce da ta kasance mallakar gidan yanar gizon. Juniper, cypress, thuja da sauran wakilan wannan dabi'ar ana amfani da su sosai a cikin zane na lambu saboda kyawun yanayin su. Sha'awar shuka irin wannan shukar a cikin gidan rani yana jagorantar mutane da yawa don neman hanyoyin yada waɗannan tsire-tsire.
Yadda ake shayar da thuja: hanya ce mai sauri da sauki
Thuja yana yaduwa a cikin hanyoyi biyu: tsaba da iri. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka suna da halaye da matsaloli, don haka yana buƙatar lambu akalla ƙwarewar asali da gogewa.
Menene kamarsa
Yin yaduwar Thuja ta amfani da tsaba wani tsari ne mai tsayi lokacin da shuka ya ratsa matakai da yawa na ci gaba. Ana kiran abubuwan da ke biye da fa'idodin wannan hanyar:
- karbuwa cikin hanzari don sauyin yanayin yankin bayan dasawa cikin ƙasa;
- resistanceara yawan juriya ga yanayin mummunan yanayin rayuwa.
Koyaya, akwai hasara da yawa:
- tsawon lokacin shiri na shuka (don tsiro mai girma daga zuriya zai dauki kimanin 5-6 yanayi);
- da bukatar saurin tilastawa (ta wannan ma'anar ita al'ada ce ta fahimtar bayyanar wani fure a cikin sanyi);
- low dama na rike da halaye na uwar itacen.
Ana amfani da yankan thuja na haifuwa sosai fiye da zuriya. Akwai dalilai da yawa don wannan:
- saurin samun shuki;
- cikakken adana ingancin alamomin mai bayarwa (bishiyar da aka sare abin da aka harba).
Wannan fasahar kiwo ma tana da rashin nasara:
- ƙananan halin ƙarfin bishiyoyi.
- Adadin tsirrai daga bayan an dasa shine kashi 70-80%.
Yaduwar Thuja ta sare
Yankin Thuja da yankan itace a bazara
Wasu masana suna ba da shawarar sare harbe a bazara, amma kuma akwai fasahohin yaduwa wadanda ake girbe Tushen rani da kuma faduwar.
Idan an yanke shawarar a yarda da yaduwar thuja ta sare a bazara, to lallai ne girbin harbe ya fara kai tsaye bayan dusar kankara ta narke. A wannan lokacin, ci gaban aiki na rassan bai fara ba tukuna.
Mahimmanci! Idan lokaci ya ɓace, kuma harbe suka yi girma, ya cancanci jinkirta wannan taron don rabin na biyu na watan Agusta. A wannan lokacin, haɓakar itace yana raguwa.
Lambu suna ba da shawarar fara aiki a cikin bazara saboda dalilai da yawa:
- samuwar Tushen yana buƙatar mafi karancin lokaci (kimanin watanni 2-3);
- Ba a fara aiki da ci gaba a wannan lokacin ba.
Koyaya, akwai mummunan rashi, wanda shine cewa kafin hunturu tsire-tsire har yanzu basu da lokaci don samun cikakkiyar ƙarfi.
Yadda ake girma thuja daga twig
Don yanke da sauri da sauri ya ba tushen kuma daga baya dauki tushen da kyau a cikin ƙasa bude, lambu bayar da shawarar bi 'yan tukwici:
- 'yancin zabi na bishiyar uwa. Lokacin da aka yadu da shi ta hanyar itace, thean itacen yakan ɗauki duk halayen mai bayarwa;
- yankan harbe da shirya su domin cigaba da aiki shine mafi mahimmancin bangaren namo;
- zabi na gari wanda ya dace don dasawa thuja yana shafar yawan girma;
- kula da seedlings. Idan ba a kiyaye ka'idodin kulawa ba, har waɗancan tsire-tsire waɗanda suka riga sun yi nasarar ba da tushen za su iya mutuwa.
Abubuwan da aka ambata na yaduwa da aka ambata suna dacewa da duk nau'ikan waɗannan tsire-tsire (na fata da na smaragd).
Zabi na uwar shuka da lokacin yanka
Kafin kayi tsiro daga dunƙule, dole ne ka zaɓi itacen mai bayarwa a hankali. Tsarin ya kamata ya kasance cikakke lafiya da ƙarfi. Daga bishiya mai rauni da mara lafiya, harbe suna ɗaukar tushe mafi wahala, ƙari, akwai babban haɗarin samun nau'in ƙwayar cuta iri ɗaya.
Babu ƙarancin buƙatun da aka sanya akan reshe daga inda za a raba harbi. Mafi kyawun wannan dalilin shine wanda ke saman daji. Daga hanyoyin tafiyar matakai, bishiyoyi masu yawan gaske suna girma.
Kula! Hanya mafi kyau don yanke thuja shine a raba harbe 10-15 cm tsayi da shekara 2-3. Dalilan irin wannan haɓakar sun riga sun sami nasara yin itace.
Ya kamata a zaɓi tumbin Thuja kuma a shirya su daidai
Shiri na substrate don rooting
Don tushen thuja, nau'in haske na ƙasa, wanda halayen kyawawan magudanan ruwa suke dashi, ya fi dacewa. Zaka iya zaɓar ɗayan zaɓi biyu:
- tsaftace ruwan kogin (yana da mahimmanci cewa babu gurbataccen iska a ciki);
- canzawa.
Don shirya canji a gida, zaku buƙaci abubuwa da yawa:
- takardar ƙasa;
- peat;
- yashi.
Ya kamata a haɗo waɗannan abubuwan haɗin daidai. An bada shawara don ƙara bayani na potassium permanganate (3%) a cikin ƙasa da aka samo, bayan wannan ƙasa ta gauraye da amfani dashi kamar yadda aka yi niyya.
Idan aka yi amfani da yashi don tushen, to, an riga an tafasa shi na mintina 5, bayan haka ana magance shi da maganin potassiumgangan.
A matsayin kwantena na dasa shuki, zaka iya amfani da akwatuna na musamman, kaset ko gwangwani na ƙwayar seedlings. Duba don buɗewa (magudanar ruwa da aeration). An shimfiɗa lãka da aka shimfiɗa a kasan kwandon a matsayin matattarar magudanar ruwa kuma ganga cike da ƙasa.
Dokoki don yankan girki don dasawa a gida
Don sauri tsiro seedlings, girbi cuttings dole ne a ƙarƙashin da yawa yanayi. Tsarin da aka yi niyya yana buƙatar tsage shi daga itaciyar uwa. Kuna buƙatar yin wannan da hannuwanku, tare da tabbataccen motsi daga sama zuwa ƙasa.
A sakamakon wannan matakin, ya kamata kamara ta fito tare da karamin guntun bishiyar bara. Wannan ɓangaren na riƙewa ana kiransa diddige. Ya ƙunshi abubuwan gina jiki wanda itacen ya yi nasarar tarawa. Kamar yadda al'adar nuna, rassan da diddige suna ba da tushen sauri kuma suna ɗaukar tushe mafi kyau.
Mahimmanci! Ganyen da ke kusa da diddige an cire shi domin ya zama akwai wani akwati mai kafa biyu cm a kasa.The kore kore ganyen thuja an yanke.
Rooting cuttings da gansakuka
Akwai wani madadin hanyar da za a yi kiwo. Wannan na buƙatar gansakuka (sphagnum). Amfanin wannan zabin shine ake kira rare rotting da saurin bayyanar Tushen.
Don yin wannan aikin, kana buƙatar tara abubuwa akan waɗannan abubuwan:
- jakar filastik;
- yanki na masana'anta;
- haɓakar mai sa haɓaka (za ku iya haifar da kowane);
- wani yanki na gansakuka.
Da farko dai, daskararren daskararren ruwan da aka dafa shi da shi. A cikin wannan fom ɗin, ya kamata ya zama kimanin sa'o'i 2-3. Bayan wannan, an sanya sphagnum a tsakiyar yanki na nama kuma an sanya pepe da yawa akan sa. Dukkansu ya kamata su kasance a wani nesa daga juna.
An narkar da masana'anta, sannan tare da taimakon ƙungiyar roba ko igiya, an jawo su kuma a sanya su cikin jaka. A cikin wannan fom ɗin, yakamata ɓarawon ya yi ɗan lokaci har sai Tushen ya bayyana.
Kula da Thuja kafin sauka a wani wuri mai ɗorewa
Kafin dasawa thuja zuwa cikin ƙasa, ya zama dole la'akari da buƙatun kulawa da yawa.
- zazzabi na yanayi ya kamata ya kasance cikin kewayon 18-23 ° C;
- Ana kiyaye ingantaccen zafi a matakin 70-75%;
- wurin da za'a iya dasa shuki ya kamata ya kasance mai haske da rana, duk da haka, dole ne a kiyaye daji daga haskoki na hasken rana;
- iska ta yau da kullun wajibi ne don kula da yanayin zafin jiki mafi kyau.
A lokacin rooting, seedlings suna buƙatar kulawa akai
Rage tsirrai a hankali, guje wa bayyanar diddige. Hanya mafi sauki don cimma wannan sakamakon yayin amfani da bindiga mai fesawa.
Mahimmanci! Kada ku overdry kasar gona, duk da haka, waterlogging sa Rotting na seedlings. A saboda wannan dalili, tozartar thuja tana buƙatar a shayar da ita bayan ruwan sama ya bushe.
Yadda ake juya thuja
Ko bayan fitowar Tushen, tsiron thuja har yanzu basu da ƙarfi don shuka a cikin dindindin. Saboda wannan dalili, an aiko su ne don tarawa. Idan an grauja thuja a bazara, to sai a dasa shukar a watan Satumba.
Don girma, zaka iya amfani da makirci biyu:
- dasawa cikin kayan furanni;
- dasawa zuwa gadaje na waje.
Kuna iya shuka thuja a cikin kayan fure
Idan an zaɓi fifiko don dasa shuki a cikin iska, to, bai kamata a zaɓi gadon lambu ba a ƙarƙashin hasken rana kai tsaye, amma a cikin inuwa m. Ana aiwatar da aikin yin la'akari da mataki-mataki umarnin:
- Kafin tushen narkewa, kuna buƙatar tono sama ƙasa. A yayin aiwatar da shi, an shuka ƙasa. Don 1 m², ana buƙatar bulo na yashi da guga 1 na peat.
- A nesa na 25-30 cm shirya ramuka don dasa. Girman ramuka ya kamata yayi daidai da girman earthen coma na shuka.
- Kuna buƙatar dasa thuja ta hanyar kwanciyar hankali. Bayan wannan, dunƙule yana rufe da dunƙulen ƙasa kuma nan da nan ya shayar.
Don karewa daga yanayin sanyi, ana rufe seedlings da ganye ko allura.
Don bayani! A kan gado na wucin gadi, ciyayi masu ƙuruciya za su yi girma na shekaru 2-3, bayan wannan za a iya dasa tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi a cikin dindindin.
Mafi sau da yawa, ana dasa tsire-tsire matasa zuwa cikin bude ƙasa
Yadda za a watsa da ɗan adam thuja a wani marmaro
Hanyar dasa bishiyar girma na iya bambanta dan kadan daga dasa shuki. Mafi kyawun lokacin don irin wannan aikin shine kaka (ƙarshen Satumba da farkon Oktoba). A wannan yanayin, wajibi ne don yin la'akari da gaskiyar cewa kuna buƙatar tura itacen zuwa sabon wuri kafin yanayin sanyi. A wannan lokacin, daji zai iya ba da sabon ƙananan tushe kuma ya yi ƙarfi a cikin ƙasa. Shafin dasawa yakamata ya kasance a cikin inuwa m. Bugu da kari, yakamata a sami kariya daga iska mai karfi.
Kwanaki 15 kafin dasawa, kuna buƙatar tono rami mai saukowa. Zurfinsa ya zama bai wuce 0.5 m ba, kuma nisa sau 3 nisa da kambi na seedling. Isarshen yana liyi da tsakuwa. Wannan ya zama dole don hana tururuwa ruwa.
Don cire itace daga ƙasa, kuna buƙatar tono ta a da'irar kuma a cire ta a hankali. Remainingasar da ta rage a kan tushen ba za a cire ta ba. Wannan dunƙulewar ƙasa tana adana tushen tsirrai kuma yana taimakawa da sauri daidaita da sababbin yanayi. Tushen Thuja na sama ne kuma mai rikitarwa. Idan an samo tushen tsayi sosai, ana iya yanka su da kyau tare da wuka mai kaifi ko kuma keɓewa.
Mahimmanci! Dole ne a kula da wurin da aka yanke tare da cakuda putty da heteroauxin. Irin waɗannan matakan ana nufin magance parasites.
Kafin dasawa, kuna buƙatar zuba ruwa mai yawa a cikin ramin. Dasa ƙasa an shirya shi daga bangarori da yawa:
- peat - 2 sassa;
- yashi - 1 sashi;
- turf ƙasar - 1 sashi.
Ana ƙara zuriyar zuriyar dabbobi da humus a cikin ƙasa mai ɗorewa. Bayan dasa, ana cakuda ƙasa kuma ana shayar dasu.
Bayan dasawa, dole ne a shayar da ƙasa sosai.
Yadda ake shuka thuja daga tsaba
Wadanda za su yadu ya danganta shi cikin sauri da kuma sauki, ya fi kyau ka zabi dasa shuki, kamar yadda shuka yake yin aiki mai matukar wahala da tsayi.
Sabbin tsaba kawai za'a buƙaci don kiwo. Tattara su a cikin fall daga Satumba zuwa Disamba. Ana fitar da tsaba daga cones hanya ce mai sauƙi. Don yin wannan, sanya cones a cikin wurin dumi a takarda. A cikin dare sukan buɗe kuma tsaba su zubo kansu. Ya rage kawai ya tattara su ya fara girma.
Mahimmanci! Da farko dai, ya wajaba a rabu da cututtukan da suke da cuta. Don yin wannan, an sanya su cikin firiji don watanni 2-4. Lokacin da bazara ta zo, ana cire iri daga cikin yanayin sanyi kuma ana tsoma shi cikin ruwan dumi. Wani madadin zai kasance ya sanya tsaba a cikin yashi mai taushi na tsawon awanni 10-12. Hatsi na kumbura daga danshi ana iya shuka shi a cikin ƙasa.
Sosai ana shuka iri a ƙasa
Girma thuja daga tsaba a gida
Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don yaɗa thuja daga tsaba.
- shuka iri a kan gadaje a gonar;
- yi amfani da kwalaye don saukowa. A wannan yanayin, zaku iya shuka seedlings a gida ko a loggia.
Ana sanya pebbles a kasan akwatin kamar magudanar ruwa, ana zuba wani yashi a saman shi, sannan kawai sai akwatuna ko tukwane cike da ƙasa da aka shirya.
Ana shuka tsaba a cikin la'akari da tsarin 4 * 4. Dukkanin jan kafa ya kamata a yi a hankali, tunda tushen tushe yakamata ya kasance a matakin ƙasa. Idan ba a la'akari da wannan buƙatar ba, yawancin tsaba zasu mutu a lokacin shuka.
'Ya'yan Thuja suna ba da ƙwayar shuka mai kyau
Don danshi mai kyau, ya kamata a fesa ƙasa a kai a kai daga bindigar da aka fesa, amma kada a zuba tsaba da ƙarfi. Yakamata a sanya miya a kai a kai - sau 1 a wata.
Bayan nazarin duk fasalulluka na yadda thuja ke yadawa, kowa na iya dasa gona da hannuwansu ko shirya seedlings na siyarwa. Duk da tsawon lokacin aiwatarwar, saka hannun jari a wannan yanayin yana da karanci.
