Pelargonium shine tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire daga dangin Geranium. Indiya da Afirka ta Kudu sune mahaifarta, amma ƙarni da yawa wannan fure an shuka shi a ƙasarmu ta zama cikin gida. Ana kuma kiranta geranium, karamin sanda da crane. Koyaya, geranium da pelargonium har yanzu suna da tsire-tsire daban-daban. Na farko shi ne mai ƙarfi sanyi-resistant perennial. Na biyun mai taushi, murƙushewar ƙwarya. Wani ƙanshin ƙanshin ya shimfiɗa daga ƙaramin lamba. Ga wasu, yana da kamar mutum ne mai zafin rai da rashin jin daɗi, yayin da wasu kawai suna son shi. Hakanan an yi imani cewa pelargonium a cikin gida yana inganta microclimate, kuma yana sa dangantakar iyali ta zama da zafi.
Bayyanar
Pelargonium perenni ne mai walƙiya. Strongarfafa ciyawa mai ƙarfi ta buɗe reshe mai ƙarfi kuma ta samar da shuki. Suna da nama sosai. Akwai nau'ikan iri tare da kafaffen ko zauren ƙasa mai tushe. Suna karuwa da sauri cikin girma. A cikin shekara guda kawai, fure na iya girma ta hanyar cm 20-30. Matsakaicin tsayin tsirrai na cikin gida shine 60-90 cm, ana samunsa ta hanyar girke-girke na yau da kullun da kuma sake sabuntawa.
Ganyen pelargonium petiolate ne, sun sake girma. Farfajiyar da takarda ta gaza ne, ko kuma bakin ruwa. Launi ya fi rinjaye a cikin kore, akwai wasu nau'ikan ganye tare da ganyayyaki. A tsari, faranti ganye ne mai zagaye, zuciya-mai siffa ko dabino. Ana iya ganin juyawar jijiyoyin kai a farfajiya.
A gida, fure na pelargonium na iya wuce kusan shekara guda, amma galibi yakan faru ne daga Mayu zuwa Satumba. A cikin axils na ganye da kan fi na harbe, a maimakon haka dogon, danda peduncle ke tsiro. Yana ɗaukar laima, kusan na ciki inflorescence. Furanni akan takaitaccen siffofin suna nan kusa da juna. An zane su a launuka daban-daban masu launin ja, fari da shuɗi. Hanyar whisk ya dogara da iri-iri. Mafi yawancin lokuta yana kunshe da petals 5, wanda ya bambanta da girma.
Bayan pollination, 'ya'yan itãcen ripen - kwalaye iri. 'Ya'yan itace cikakke ne cikakke yana buɗewa a gindin, kamar baki na crane. A zahiri, sunan "pelargonium" ya fito daga kalmar "crane".
Nau'in Pelargonium
Gaba ɗaya, akwai nau'ikan tsire-tsire sama da 250 a cikin pelargonium na halittar. Haka kuma, botanists daga kasashe daban-daban suna ci gaba da jayayya game da rarrabuwa. Tsakanin nau'ikan da aka horar, 6 ne kawai, amma adadin nau'in kayan ado shine kawai babban.
Pelargonium yanki ne. Yankunan da aka yadu sosai kuma ɗayan farkon farkon. Ya ƙunshi nau'ikan nau'ikan 75,000. Itace tare da sanyawa, harbe mai kauri da mai yawa, ganye mai zagaye da ke tsiro da sauri. A kan farantin takardar a tsakiyar yankin akwai tabo mai haske (yankin). An kewaye shi da edging mai haske. Flowering yayi yawa. Har zuwa dozin manyan dola tare da launuka masu haske na iya bayyana a lokaci guda. Ganyayyaki ya fitar da wani irin ƙanshin. An kasu kashi-kashi zuwa kungiyoyi masu ma'ana:
- Pelargonium yana da siffa mai tulip. Hatta furanni masu fure sun kasance kunkuntar kuma sun yi kama da asalin fure. Kowane inflorescence yana ɗaukar adadin furanni masu yawa.
Pelargonium tulip - Terry pelargonium. Kowane fure yana da furanni 9 ko fiye:
- dovepoint - dwarf daji tare da manyan ruwan hoda da fararen furanni;
- Katerina da ke rafin Katerina - furanni ruwan hoda mai haske;
- magnus - karamin, m-girma daji tare da duhu kore ganye blooms cikakken m furanni ja;
- saxdalens selma - profusely gusar da m ruwan hoda buds;
- wendy real - dwarf plant with salmon-m corollas;
- 'yar uwa henry - wani matsakaici-sized daji tare da duhu kore ganye dissolves m mai haske m inflorescences;
- zinariya mai haske - ganye kore na zinariya an haɗe shi da ƙirar salmon;
- pensby - wani kankanin daji tare da m inflorescences na m ruwan hoda buds;
- Guda biyu na Kenny - tsire-tsire masu matsakaici a lokaci guda suna samar da inflorescences da yawa tare da furannin rasberi na fure.
Terry pelargonium - Pelargonium fure (ruwan hoda). Tsire-tsire masu fure masu fure waɗanda suke kama da kananan wardi.
- dusar ƙanƙara ta dusar ƙanƙara - furanni a cikin nau'i na ƙananan fararen wardi tare da iyakar ruwan hoda akan petals;
- shelk moira - dwarf daji rufe da murjani, fure-kamar furanni;
- anita - furanni tare da fararen furanni masu ruwan hoda-masu ruwan hoda da girma da manyan ganye;
- vectis rosebud wani yanki ne mai yawan karamin daji wanda ya cika da haske mai haske.
Pelargonium reticulum - Ba a ninka pelargonium sau biyu. Shuke-shuke da furanni biyar masu sauki.
- bob sababbin abubuwa - ganye na dabino na yau da kullun an bambance su daga duhu kore, fari da ruwan hoda, furanni a sarari, ja.
Ba a ninka pelargonium sau biyu
Pelargonium pelvic (mai rauni). Jirgin sama mai huɗa girma 25-2500 cm tsayi. An rufe su da m, ganye mai kusurwa, kamar aiwi. Ya danganta da nau'ikan, furanni sun ninka biyu ko masu sauƙi. An tattara su a cikin m inflorescences. Shahararren idanu masu launin kore - furanni biyu ko furanni biyu na launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi a tsakiyar suna da koren ido.
Royal pelargonium. Kyakkyawan kyau, amma shuka moody. An bambanta ta da girman girmanta da ƙaƙƙarfan harbe harbe. Babban kambi ya kai har cm 50. foanya mai fa'ida ta yi daidai da maple. Manyan furanni masu furanni masu fure suna girma 4-7 cm. Ana mamaye launi da shunayya, ruwan hoda, da mulufi. Petals koyaushe suna bambanta. Tsire-tsire suna buƙatar lokaci mai wahala. Flow yayi sama da watanni 4.
Pelargonium na grandiflora (babba-flowered). Branan itacen da aka dasa har zuwa 1 m a tsayi an rufe shi da lobed ko disseed ganye akan petioles. Ganyayyaki bai cika ba ko kuma ɗan ɗakin ɗumbin tsiro. Kowane mai shinge yana ɗaukar furanni 1-3 tare da diamita na cm cm 3. Fitar bugun jini suna kan fararen furannin. Furanni fure a watan Afrilu-Yuni.
Pelargonium mala'ika. An samo nau'in ne sakamakon zaɓin zaɓi mai ɗimbin yawa. Ya bambanta a cikin karami (1-2 cm a diamita) furen ganye da tsage harbe. A inji shi ne ƙasa da capricious da girma girma. Ya narke sauƙi furanni masu asymmetric tare da manyan ƙananan ganyaye. Bambancin "tawadar" da ke tsiro a tsaye, masu jiguwa mai tushe, an rufe ta da fure mai haske. The fi aka yi wa ado da inflorescences tare da fararen da burgundy petals.
Hanyoyin kiwo
A gida, pelargonium yana yaduwa ta hanyar ƙwaya da tsaba. Ana amfani da hanyar ciyayi sau da yawa, tunda yana da sauki kuma zai iya riƙe ire-iren halaye na shuka uwa. Yawancin pelargoniums a kai a kai suna buƙatar pruning, don haka abu don grafting yana da sauƙin samu. Yawancin lokaci dauki fure 2-15 cm tsayi tare da nodes 1-2. An yi yanki da wutsiya a wuyan wuka mai kaifi a nisan mil 5 daga shafin. Idan akwai furanni, ana cire su don rage yawan abinci mai gina jiki. An yanka katunan fararen takardu a rabi. Yana da dacewa don dasa cuttings a cikin ruwa, kuma lokacin da tushen ya bayyana, dasa su cikin sako-sako, ƙasa mai ƙoshin gaske. Nan da nan za ku iya gano tsiran a cikin tukwane da rigar amma ba rigar peat. Don zlar pelargonium yana kula da yawan zafin jiki na + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Ana buƙatar kiyaye mala'iku, masarauta da ayyukan wuta a + 18 ° C. Tsarin tushen yana ɗaukar daga makonni biyu (yanki) zuwa watanni 3 (sarauta). Farkon fure na iya faruwa tsakanin watanni shida.
Don girma pelargonium daga tsaba, dole ne a fara shirya kayan dasa. Yankakken fata mai launin fata mai rauni ne. Sannan a sanya su cikin tawul ɗin rigar kwana ɗaya. An samar da amfanin gona a cikin tukwane mara ma'ana tare da cakuda kayan ƙanshi da peat zuwa zurfin 3-5 mm. An fesa su da ruwa kuma an rufe su da fim. A lokacin girbi, ana kiyaye yawan zafin jiki a + 21 ... + 23 ° C. Harbe yana bayyana a cikin kwanaki 10-15. Bayan wannan, an cire tsari kuma an canja akwati zuwa ɗaki mai haske mai ba da haske. Lokacin da ganyayyaki 2-3 suka bayyana akan tsire-tsire, an mai da su a cikin tukwane daban. Samfurorun samari suna buƙatar fitila mai haske, don haka suna amfani da hasken baya.
Kulawar Gida
Pelargoniums, banda na sarakuna, tsire-tsire ne marasa misalta, amma dukansu ya kamata su zaɓi wurin da zai dace kuma lokaci-lokaci kula.
Haske Dankin yana buƙatar dogon hasken rana da haske mai haske. Hasken rana kai tsaye bazai ji rauni ba. A cikin hunturu, ana bada shawara don amfani da hasken wuta saboda mai tushe ba su shimfiɗa ba.
Zazzabi Pelargonium zai zama dadi a + 25 ° C. A lokacin rani, yana da kyau a kawo fure zuwa baranda ko veranda. A cikin hunturu, ana bada shawara don samar da abun ciki mai sanyi (+ 12 ... + 14 ° C). Wannan yana sanya kwancen furannin fure.
Haushi. Shuka mai sauƙin daidaita yanayin iska na yau da kullun. Lokaci-lokaci yayin lokacin dumama za'a iya amfani da ganyen ganyen. Don rigakafin, ana baza kambi daga gun fesa. Yi ƙoƙarin hana ruwa daga tattarawa cikin saukad da su.
Watse. Pelargonium yana da tsayayyen fari-mai tsafta, saboda haka ya zama dole a ba mutum na duniya kashi na uku ya bushe. Yakamata a cire ruwa mai tsafta.
Taki. Tare da ƙasa mai kyau na adalci, ba a buƙatar ciyar da kullun. Ya isa a shafa taki sau 1-2 tare da yawan makonni 2-3 a cikin lokacin bud'ewa da fure. An bada shawara don amfani da hadaddun ma'adinai tare da babban abun da ke cikin phosphorus. Kwayoyin halitta ba a son su.
Mai jan tsami. Yana da gama gari ga duk pelargoniums don shimfiɗa, don haka ana yanke tsire-tsire lokaci-lokaci, yana barin ƙarar 2-4 daga ƙasa. Haka kuma ana fitar da ganyen koren rawaya mai bushe da bushe. A wannan yanayin, ana barin tushe na petiole akan tushe.
Juyawa Ana dasa ganyayyaki a kowane shekara 1-3. Ana aiwatar da hanyar a cikin bazara ko lokacin bazara. Ya kamata a zaɓi tukunyar matsakaici matsakaici ba babba ba, amma madaidaici. Wani farin ciki mai kauri na magudanar kayan ruwa an zuba shi cikin ƙasa. A cikin cakuda ƙasa ƙara yashi, peat, Turf da ƙasa ganye a daidai adadin.
Cutar da kwari. Lokacin da ƙasa ta cika ambaliya ko damɓa a cikin ɗakin, pelargonium sau da yawa yana fama da cututtukan fungal (launin toka, tsatsa). A wani matakin farko, suna kokarin cire wuraren da suka lalace kuma suna yin maganin kashe-kashe. Idan ba zai yiwu a ceci furanni gaba ɗaya ba, a yanke ganyen daga mai tushe mai kyau. An maye gurbin ƙasa gabaɗaya, tukunya kuma ta cika da ruwan zãfi. Pestsaukan kwari na yau da kullun sune fararen fata, mealybugs, gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, thrips da aphids. Ba shi da wahala ka rabu da su da taimakon kwari, amma yana da mahimmanci don ganin kwaya a cikin lokaci. A saboda wannan, ingantaccen dubawa ya zama dole lokaci-lokaci.
