Daga cikin kayan lambu da ke girma a kusan kowane lambun ko gidan zafi, tumatir suna cikin ɗayan manyan wuraren. Yin girma da kanka kanka ne mai sauki. Abin sani kawai wajibi ne don sanin ainihin kaddarorin shuka, halaye na kulawa da koya don fahimtar iri da iri.
Kwanan nan, wasu 'yan ƙwararru sun saba jin tsoro, wanda ba a sani ba, alal misali, kalmar "kayyade". Saboda haka, kafin zabar iri-iri don namo, dole ne a gano abin da wannan takardun ya nuna kuma abin da ake nufi. Yi la'akari da siffofin irin tumatir a cikin labarinmu. Mun kuma bayar da shawarar yin kallon bidiyo mai amfani a kan batun.
Janar bayani
Matsayin girma da bunƙasa tumatir suna da bambance-bambance. Zaku iya raba su cikin nau'i biyu:
- Hanyar sadarwa;
- kayyade.
Yana da muhimmanci: Dabbobin da ke cikin nau'in farko ba'a iyakance su ba ne a saman tayi ta fure mai fure, saboda haka girma ba zai daina. Irin wadannan tumatir sukan girma a cikin greenhouses, sun kai mita mita biyu, kuma wani lokacin maimaita, dangane da yanayin, ƙasa, da kulawa.
Dabbobi masu mahimmanci sukan dakatar da girma bayan sun samo ovary a ƙarshen shoot tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Girman tumatir irin wannan ya ci gaba daga stepson, wanda yake a cikin cusp leaf a ƙarƙashin goga na sama. Fuskar furanni ta farko a irin wannan nau'in ta bayyana bayan 6-7 na gaskiya ganye da kasa, don haka yana da sauki a rarrabe su daga masu tsinkaya a matakan seedling. A cikin shuka mai girma, hannayensu sun bayyana a kasa da 3 ganye.
Wadannan iri sunyi girma tare, basu buƙatar magunguna, sun saba da noma a fili, basu buƙatar yin nuni akai. An bayar da shawarar ganyayyaki a wurare daban-daban, ciki har da yankunan arewacin.
Har ila yau, a tsakanin nau'ikan kayyade iri ne. Wadannan tumatir suna da ƙananan daji, wanda yana da karfi da kututture kuma ba dole ba ne a ɗaure shi da goyan baya. Fasti baya buƙatar, shimfidawa a kan shafin bai haifar da ba, amma saboda gaskiyar cewa suna daukar ƙaramin sarari, sun ba da damar samun yawan amfanin ƙasa saboda yawan dasawar.
Suna girma a ko'ina a kan sikelin masana'antu a cikin filayen, tun da resistant zuwa fari, matsanancin zafi, sanyi. 'Ya'yan itãcen tumatir masu kyau suna da kyau adana, ba su rasa halayen su a lokacin sufuri., wanda aka kafa a kan daji a cikin adadi mai yawa, ya fara da kyau. Tushen tushen yana kusa da farfajiyar, wanda ya ba da damar shuka don shawo kan abubuwan gina jiki da danshi.
Types da bambance-bambance
Mai ƙayyadaddun, mahimmiyar kyawawan iri da tumatir na tumatir: mece ce kuma menene halayensu?
- Tabbatacce. Gudun fure, bayan bayyanar ganye 5-6, an kafa kowane ganye guda uku, irin wannan nau'in yawancin wuri ne ko farkon farkon farawa.
- Semi-ƙayyade. Bayan da aka samu furanni na fure-fure na 10-12, wanda aka dage farawa biyu na ganye na gaskiya, tsire-tsire yana da girma, za a kwashe ganga ta farko ta hanyar ganye 8. Da kyau sun dace da namo a cikin greenhouses, suna da girma sosai, lokacin da ake yin ripening shi ne matsakaici.
- Superderminant. Gudun furanni ana dage farawa a cikin ganye 1-2, kuma bayan an kafa 5 daga cikinsu, shoot zai fara, wanda zai dakatar da girma daga dukkanin tsire-tsire, wadannan nau'o'in sun fara girma.
Abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani
Girman tumatir irin wannan kuma yana da wadata da fursunoni, wanda dole ne a la'akari da lokacin zabar. Abũbuwan amfãni daga determinant iri:
- farkon da sosai ripening 'ya'yan itatuwa, wanda ba damar ba kawai ci tumatir sauri, amma kuma don fara yin shirye-shirye a cikin hunturu.
- Gudanar da irin wannan tumatir sun fi muni kuma m, musamman ma ga wadanda suka dace;
- 'yan da ake bukata a tsayar da su;
- Kusan bazai buƙaci garter ba, yafi kawai da samuwar babban 'ya'yan itatuwa;
- da shawarar da za a shuka a kowane yanayin damuwa, ciki har da yankunan arewacin arewa da Siberia;
- dace ba kawai don dasa shuki a cikin greenhouse, amma har a cikin ƙasa bude.
A disadvantages daga cikin wadannan iri:
- 'ya'yan itace iya bambanta ƙwarai;
- yawan amfanin ƙasa ba shi da girma sosai, a ƙarshen ci gaban shuka zai iya dakatar da kafa sabon ovaries;
- bukatar babban adadin dressings tare da ma'adinai da takin mai magani;
- low juriya na shuke-shuke zuwa daban-daban cututtuka saboda babban adadin ovaries.
Ƙayyadewa
Akwai manyan adadin irin wadannan nau'ikan jinsin, tun da aka ba shi sosai mashahuri tare da lambu. Ya kamata a zaba su saboda yanayin hawan yanayi na yanki, jihar ƙasa da wasu yanayi na girma. Har ila yau, kuna bukatar mu bincika abubuwan da ke da nau'o'in iri-iri da kuma dokoki don kulawa.
Turbojet
Wannan shi ne nau'in nau'i mai yawa, wanda aka girbe. A daji ke tsiro har zuwa 40 cm, ba ya bukatar pasynkovanii. 'Ya'yan' ya'yan itatuwa mai yawa, mai laushi, yana yin la'akari har zuwa 80 g. Yana buƙatar garter a yayin girbin amfanin gona. Tsayayya ga cututtukan fungal da cututtuka. Yi amfani da waɗannan tumatir ne kawai, kazalika da blanks. Differs matalauta ajiya quality, don sufuri da kuma dogon lokacin ajiya a cikin sabon nau'i ba dace.
Alpha
Samfurin farko na mashahuri. Bush har zuwa mita 50, ba ya buƙatar ya zama tsalle. Ya dace da wurare masu sanyi, yana tsiro ne a ƙarƙashin murfin fim da kuma a ƙasa. Fruit siffofin da yawa, yin la'akari har zuwa 80 g, lebur-zagaye. Tumatir suna dace da sabo da amfani.. Tsayayya ga phytophthora da sauran cututtuka irin wannan.
Valentine
Tabbatar da matakan tsufa. Daji yana da tsaka-tsalle, har zuwa 70 cm a tsawo, yana buƙatar garter da tsayi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna elongated, tare da lokacin farin ciki fata, da kyau don salting da kuma amfani da sabon, yayi nauyi har zuwa 100 grams. Kusan ba batun batun fashewa ba, ko da rashin rashin ruwa. Da iri-iri ne na resistant zuwa fari.
Watch bidiyo game da siffofin Valentina tumatir:
Wannan fashewa
Farko cikakke. Shrubs a cikin tumatir na wannan iri-iri suna tsawaitawa, suna buƙatar ƙwarewar matsakaici, amma ba sa bukatar garter. Har zuwa 50 cm high. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne zagaye, dan kadan flattened, har zuwa 120 g a nauyi. Yana jure sanyi, da shawarar da yankunan arewacin.. Tsayayya da fari da manyan cututtuka. Ana amfani da girbi sabo, don adanawa. Shin, ba ya rasa ta gabatar a lokacin ajiya da kuma sufuri.
Dubi bidiyo game da siffofin tumatir iri "fashewa":
Openwork
Hybrid tsakiyar farkon tumatir. Shrub har zuwa 90 cm tsayi, yana bukatar a ɗaure bayan bayyanar da babban adadin 'ya'yan itatuwa. Pasynkov yayi kaɗan. Nauyin nauyin nau'i daga 300 zuwa 500 grams, nau'i-nau'i a siffar, ba mai saukin kamuwa da fatattaka. Yana da matukar damuwa don sauya yanayi: sanyi, fari, canje-canje a cikin yanayin zafi. Ba mai saukin kamuwa da cuta. Yana buƙatar kulawa mai kyau, haɗuwa mai dacewa.
Bourgeois
Matasan tsakiyar shekaru. Girman daji ya fi mita, yana buƙatar garter da tsaka-tsaki. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na yin la'akari har zuwa 200 grams, mai launi, mai tsayayya zuwa fatattaka, sosai lezhki da transportable, riƙe su gabatarwar har zuwa wata daya da rabi watanni. Tsaro mai zafi, yana jure rashin rashin haske, canjin yanayi. Tsayayyar ga Verticillus, tsatsotsi da lalacewa. Ba dace da sabon amfani ba saboda ƙanshi mai ma'ana sosai..
Alaska
Early matakai iri-iri. A shrub ya kai 60 cm a tsawo, yana buƙatar tying da matsakaici pinching. Kwayoyin Ploskookrugly sun kai taro 100 grams, sun dace da salting da sabo mai amfani, ba su dace da sufuri da kuma ajiyar lokaci ba. Tsayayya da taba mosaic cutar, cladosporia, fusarium za. Kyakkyawan girma a yanayin sanyi.
Cameo
Da dama sosai ripening. Daji ne na matsakaiciyar harsashi, yana kai kimanin 50 cm a tsawo, ana haifar da raunana stepchildren, baya buƙatar tying. 'Ya'yan itãcen nau'i mai nau'i, kimanin kimanin 80 g, suna da dandano mai kyau, ana amfani dashi a cikin sabon nau'i, kuma don karewa daban-daban. Wannan nau'i-nau'in da ya dace ya jure yanayin zafi yana saukowa da sanyi, an kafa ovaries har ma a karkashin yanayi mara kyau.. Tsayayyar cutar bomb, mosaic virus, Septoria.
Sauran
Mafi shahara tsakanin su:
- Ultra farkon: Grotto, Alenka, Altaechka, Mutumin Mai Mahimmanci, Jagora Pink, Pink Bush.
- Tsarin farko: Yamal, Oak, Honey Cream, Aurora, Kirar Kira, Sanka Golden.
- Mid-kakar: Adeline, Aisan, Watercolor, Akulina, Nobleman, Yaks.
Saboda gaskiyar cewa kayyade iri suna girma sosai a bude filin, ba su da sauri kuma suna da dama wasu abũbuwan amfãni, suna cikin babban bukatar daga kayan lambu growers. Ko da wani lambu mai kulawa yana iya samun girbin da aka so. Abin sani kawai ya kamata a la'akari da siffofi masu rarrabe na iri-iri, yanayi na yanayin wuri na dasa, da jihar, da kuma aiwatar da aikin gona daidai.
