Girma letas (letas) a cikin yanayi daban-daban

A namo na letas da mutane ya fara a cikin karni na XVIII. Faransawa sune farkon waɗanda suka fara amfani da ita wajen dafa abinci. Ciyawar ciyawa ba kawai tana ba da jita-jita da dandano na musamman ba, har ma yana taimakawa tare da yanayi daban-daban:

• yana yaƙi da cutar sankarar bargo;
• yana kara juriya da cutar kansa;
• yana hana mutuwar ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa, sabili da haka baya yarda ci gaban cutar ta Alzheimer;
• lowers mummunan cholesterol;
• Yana da maganin ƙwayoyin cuta da sakamako na antifungal.

Letas yana da kyakkyawan sakamako a kan fata na fuska, yana inganta launinta, yana haɓaka sakewar sel. Ganye yana fitar da gashi. Suna girma da kyau, kada su faɗi fita, samun luster. Wannan ciyawa mai amfani za'a iya dasa ta a cikin lambun ku ko ma akan windowsill.

Mafi kyawun iri na letas ganye

Kawai nau'ikan letas 4 ne ake horar da su, waɗanda suke da yawancin iri:

Girma letas ta hanyar shuka

Ana amfani da wannan hanyar a yankuna na arewacin Rasha don samun amfanin gona a cikin sanyi da ƙarshen bazara. Shuka ya kamata a yi kwanaki 30-35 kafin dasa shuki a gonar.

Don dasa, yana da kyau ka sayi tsaba a cikin hanyar granules. Su ne dace don shuka, suna da babban yawan germination. Lokacin amfani da hannun jari na al'ada, dole ne a haɗe shi da yashi don sauƙaƙe tsarin.

Shuka mataki-mataki:

• Shirya akwatuna, kwantena, ko allunan peat.
• Zuba yashi, peat, humus (1: 1: 2) ko kuma sayan abin da aka siya a cikin akwati.
• Sanya tsaba a cikin jakar gauze kuma tsoma a cikin dindindin na potassium na tsawon awanni biyu.
• Yada iri a saman kasa ba tare da an shuka iri ba.
• Lokacin amfani da kwalaye ko kwantena, shuka yakamata a yi a cikin tsagi tare da zurfin 1 cm, nesa na 5 cm (idan za a yi tara daga baya) ko 10 cm (ba tare da dasawa ba).
• Zuba kuma rufe tare da tsare.
• Sanya wuri mai haske a zazzabi na + 18 ... +21 ºC.
• Bayan cizon harbe harbe (na kwanaki 3-4), rage zafin jiki zuwa + 15 ... +18 ºC domin kada bushes ya shimfiɗa.
• Idan ya cancanta, nutsar bayan samuwar 1-2 nau'i-nau'i na ganye na gaskiya.
• Inasa a cikin ƙasa buɗe bayan bayyanar 3-4 cotyledon primordia. Kafin wannan, tsire-tsire dole ne a taurare: 2 makonni kafin dashi, fitar da kullun zuwa titi, farawa daga mintuna 10, a hankali yana kara lokaci.

Girma letas a gida

Letas na cikin gida yake girma shekara-shekara:

• Zuba abin da ake amfani da shi don dasa shuki a tukwane tare da ƙara 1-2 l. Hakanan zaka iya haxa vermicompost da ruwan kwakwa (1: 2).
• Rarraba tsaba a jika a cikin daskararren ƙwayar potassium a kan ƙasa mai rigar, zurfafa ta 5-10 mm.
• Ruwa mai kyau, tare da rufe polyethylene kuma saka a cikin dakin duhu.
• Bayan cizon kwari (bayan kwanaki 3-5), cire tsari, sanya tukunya a wuri mai haske. Idan namo ya faru a cikin hunturu, ƙarin hasken wuta tare da phytolamps ya zama dole.
• Salatin yana shirye don cin abinci lokacin da aka kafa ganye 5-20 a kai.

Siffofin Kulawa:

Girma letas a bude ƙasa

Letas ba ya girma sosai a cikin inuwa, kuna buƙatar dasa shi a cikin wuraren da ke da rana. Koyaya, haskoki na ultraviolet kai tsaye na iya haifar da dakatarwar ci gaban bushes, saboda haka dole ne wasu albarkatu su rufe su.
Tsaba yana girma a zazzabi na +5 ºC. Tare da iska mai zafi (daga +20 ºC) sprouts germinate muni.

Kasar bukatun

Mafi kyawun duka, letas ya tsiro a kan sako-sako, ƙasa mai gina jiki tare da babban abun ciki na kwayoyin halitta da abubuwan alama. Abubuwan buƙatu na matsakaici: tsaka tsaki ko alkaline ɗan kadan, tare da alamar 6 zuwa 7.2 pH.
Hakanan za'a iya dasa letas a kan yashi, loamy, ƙasa na carbonate. Kuma a kan ƙasa baƙar fata. Grass ba zai yi girma ba kawai akan acidic, saline, ƙasa mai nauyi.

Soasa don dasa dole ne a shirya a gaba (a cikin kaka). An bada shawara don amfani da gadaje wanda aka amfani da takin mai magani. Suna buƙatar a haƙa su tare da gabatarwar taki ko takin (7-10 kg ta 1 sq. M). Bar kamar yadda yake har sai lokacin bazara.

Fasaha don dasa letas a cikin ƙasa

Ana shuka iri-iri na fari tun daga Afrilu zuwa Mayu, tsakiyar ripening da marigayi - daga tsakiyar bazara zuwa shekaru na biyu na Yuni. Don girbi sabon ciyawar duk lokacin bazara, ana iya shuka letas sau da yawa a kowane kwanaki 7-10 har zuwa 20 ga watan Agusta.

Mataki-mataki-saukarwa:

• Don sassauta kasar gona tare da gabatarwar 1 tbsp. l superphosphate, 1 tsp potassium sulfate, 1-2 tbsp. l Gaggawa (a kowace 1 sq.m.).
• Tona fitar da furrows of 5-10 mm a cikin ƙasa mai laushi, lura da nesa na 15-20 cm.
• Haɗa tsaba tare da yashi (1: 1/2) kuma barci cikin rami.
• Bayan taro mai yawa na seedlings na gadaje, na bakin ciki don saboda tsakanin bushes akwai cm 6 (ganye), 10-15 cm (kai). Thinning bada shawarar a cikin 2 matakai.

Lokacin dasa shuki seedlings a gonar, kuna buƙatar amfani da tsarin 25 * 25 don ƙaramin nau'in cikakke, 35 * 35 don manyan samfurori. Dasa cikin cakuda ƙasa mai laushi.

Otsan buɗe ido suna buƙatar samun nutsuwa kowane kwana 7 a fitowar rana ko bayan faɗuwar rana. A cikin tsananin zafi ya fi dacewa a yi shi da daddare. Don nau'in ganye, ana bada shawara don amfani da hanyar sprinkling, kuma don nau'in kabeji, shayar da layuka. Lokacin da letas ya fara samar da rosettes, ana buƙatar ƙasa da ruwa don guje wa lalata.

Lokacin da shuka a cikin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin ciyar ba lallai ba ne. Lokacin da ƙasa ba ta da kyau, aikace-aikacen haɓakar ma'adinai ko kwayoyin halitta wajibi ne nan da nan bayan dasa. Ganyen letas ya girma sosai, saboda haka yana buƙatar ciyar da shi sau biyu tare da tazara daga makonni biyu.

Girma letas a cikin wani greenhouse

Letas yana da tsayayya ga sanyi mai laushi (har zuwa -2 ºC), don haka a cikin yanayin greenhouse ana iya dasa shi a farkon bazara. Idan akwai dumama a cikin greenhouse, to salatin yana girma a cikin hunturu.

Dole ne a shirya ƙasa a cikin fall:

• Matterara kwayoyin halitta (wannan zai haifar da acidity na ƙasa).
• Idan substrate sosai acidic ƙara lemun tsami a ciki.
• Ciyar da kasar gona da sinadarin sodium (15 g a murabba'in murabba'in).
• Tono shafin, matakin kuma barin kafin dasa shuki.

Shuka tsiro lokacin da zazzabi a cikin greenhouse ya daina sauka a ƙasa ba komai har cikin dare:

• Sihiri ƙasa, tono ramuka, goyi baya nesa nesa na 10 cm.
• Haɗa tsaba tare da yashi kuma rufe a cikin tsagi.
• Idan frosts dawo ba tsammani, ciyawa da bushes da kananan humus.

Yanayin da ake buƙata don ƙarin tabbatarwa:

Tare da kulawa da kyau, ana iya girbe amfanin gona bayan makonni 4.

Girma letas hydroponically

Wannan hanyar ta ƙunshi girma a cikin yanayin wucin gadi ba tare da ƙasa ba. Tsire-tsire suna karɓar dukkanin abubuwan da ake buƙata daga maganin abinci na musamman wanda ke kewaye da rhizome. A lokaci guda, al'ada ba ta rasa dandano. Hydroponics galibi ana amfani dashi a kasuwanci lokacin da letas ya girma don siyarwa.

Karin kwari da cututtuka na letas

Letas yana da saukin kamuwa da cututtuka da kwari. Abu ne mai wahala a iya yakar su, saboda shuka yana tara ba kawai nitrates ba, har ma da abubuwan ban ruwa. Saboda haka, ba za a iya amfani da magungunan guba ba.

Mr. Mazaunin rani yana ba da shawara: yadda za a adana salatin

Dole ne a adana amfanin gona da aka girbe a cikin firiji, zai fi dacewa a cikin akwati don kayan lambu. Kafin wannan, ganye suna buƙatar a ɗan ɗanɗanosu kaɗan, saboda ganye mai laushi zai bushe da sauri.