Bishiyoyin Coniferous a duk yanayi zasu iya yin ado da kowane yadi, gida, wurin shakatawa. Saboda darajar su kuma ba mahimmanci ba ne, suna da mashahuri a tsakanin masu zaman kansu, da kuma tsakanin mutanen da ke da fasaha a wuri mai faɗi. Ɗaya daga cikin masu kyauta mai ban sha'awa kuma mai ban sha'awa shine larch (lat. Larix) - itace mai karfi (har zuwa 35-40 m tsawo) daga iyalin Pine. Bambancin wannan taiga kyakkyawa yana cikin ƙwayoyi masu laushi, wanda, ba kamar 'yan'uwanmu ba, wannan tsire-tsire ya fada kafin hunturu. A cikin kaka, bishiyoyi suna juya launin rawaya ko haske orange. Saboda haka, larch ba wani tsire-tsire mai suna coniferous ba.
Tsarin jinsin larches na da nau'in 20 da suke girma a cikin duwatsu da gandun daji na Arewacin Hemisphere. Yana da tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire - yana rayuwa shekaru 500 ko fiye. 
Saboda ƙarfinsa, damuwa da tsayayya da lalata, itacen bishiyoyi yana da darajar, ana amfani dashi a ginin gine-gine, don gina gine-ginen ruwa, yin kayan ado da kayan aiki. Daga needles na larch sami muhimmanci man fetur. Ana amfani da resin mai amfani daga haushi Bayan da bayanin irin halayen larch, mutane da yawa zasu so su dasa shi a cikin yadi, a gaban gidan, a kasar ko a gadon filawa. Za'a iya samun cikakken bayani game da siffofin dasa, girma, kula da amfani da kyau-larch a cikin wannan labarin.
Shin kuna sani? Nau'i biyu na larches suna kare shuke-shuke: Yaren mutanen Poland da Olgin.
Abin da zaku nemi lokacin da kuke sayen seedlings
Yadda za a yi girma larch? Akwai hanyoyi biyu - iri ko tsaba. Seedlings bukatar mu zabi biyu zuwa hudu shekaru. Zai fi kyau sayan shuke-shuke cikin kwantena. Lokacin da sayen, kula da magunguna na needles - kada su bushe. Rassan ya kamata tanƙwara kuma ba tanƙwara zuwa tarnaƙi.
Yana da muhimmanci! Lokacin sayen sapling, kada ku tafi manyan kantunan cin kasuwa, amma zuwa gandun daji ko horticultural cibiyar. Don haka za ku sami garantin da za ku saya mai kyau mai kyau kuma kada ku jefa kuɗi.
Duk da haka, wani lokacin saya larch seedlings ne quite wuya. Sabili da haka, ana shuka shi da tsaba, wanda aka fitar da kansa daga kwakwalwa a ƙarshen Oktoba ko saya a cikin ɗakunan fasaha. Kafin dasa, dole ne a adana su a cikin takarda. Germination tsaba riƙe na biyu zuwa shekaru uku.
Zabi wani wuri mai saukowa
Dole ne a kusa da zabi na wurin da za a dasa shuki larch tare da cikakken alhakin, tun lokacin da itacen ya ƙi ƙin girma a cikin inuwa. Don wajibi ne a zabi kusurwar rana.
Shin kuna sani? Ɗaya daga cikin jinsunan larch na iya girma cikin haske shading - Jafananci.
Idan ka yi mafarki don dasa wannan kyakkyawar kyau, amma a kasar babu wani ɗaki na irin wannan shuka mai girma da tsire-tsire, zaka iya samar da karamin itace don kanka ta hanyar pruning. Abin farin shine, larch yana jure wa wannan hanya sosai kuma an dawo da sauri bayan shi. Saboda haka, kafin ka sauka wannan mazugi, dole ne ka nemo bayani game da yadda za a yanke shi, kuma, watakila, don fahimtar fasahar bonsai. Har ila yau, don dasa shuki, za ka iya daukan kayan ado na kananan ƙananan. Larch yana buƙatar kan abun da ke cikin ƙasa. Bai dace da ƙasa mai ruwa ba, sabili da haka, idan a cikin mãkirci da aka shirya don ita ƙasa ce mai yalwar acid, ya kamata a leke shi kafin dasa. Da wahala, itace yana da tushe a kasa mai yatsun da yashi. Bugu da ƙari, ba zai zama mai ban mamaki ba don sanin cewa tsarin tushen larch ba ya jure wa yanayin ruwa na kusa. Domin itacen ya zauna da sauri da nasara, dole ne a dasa shi a cikin ƙasa mai tsabta mai arziki a humus. Larch ya kula da yanayin da ke cikin gari, don haka ana iya dasa shi a wuraren shakatawa na gari, murabba'i, da kuma gida. Very resistant zuwa sanyi.
Mafi kyawun lokaci zuwa kasa
Idan ka shirya dasa shukar seedling, sa'an nan kuma ya kamata a yi a fall, bayan leaf fall, ko a farkon spring, a lõkacin da ƙasa ya warmed dan kadan. Ana shuka tsaba a cikin bazara a cikin ƙasa mai warkewa, lokacin da akwai ciyawa a kanta.
Saukowa da wuri
Don dasa shuki seedlings kafin shirya rami tare da girman 50 da 50 cm. Idan aka dasa itace daga wani akwati, rami ya zama sau biyu a matsayin mai faɗi da zurfi fiye da akwati. An sanya kayan shuka a ciki, suna kokarin kada su lalata clod na duniya tare da tushen tsarin. Babban barci tare da cakuda yankin sod tare da peat a daidai rabbai. A lokaci guda, wuyan ƙuƙwalwa ya kamata ya kasance a kan surface. Idan kasar gona ta yi nauyi, yashi (wani sashi) za'a iya karawa zuwa cakuda, kuma a kamata a saka magudanar a kasa na dasa rami. Bayan dasa, an shayar da itace sosai, ta amfani da akalla guga na ruwa. Abun iya yin takin ko humus. Dole ne a dakatar da shuka shuki daga hasken rana kai tsaye da yanayin sanyi.
Yana da muhimmanci! A lokacin da dasa shuki larch seedlings bukatar zama da hankali kuma kada su taba da apical harbe. Ko da wani haske mai sauƙi zai iya cutar da itacen - kai zuwa gajerunsa, wanda zai kasance a conifer don rayuwa.
Ƙarin lokaci yana cinye shi ne tsarin shuka iri. Don mafi kyau germination, larch tsaba dole ne a stratified (duk da haka, wannan hanya ne na zaɓi). Don yin wannan, wata daya kafin dasa shuki, kaɗa su cikin ruwa a dakin da zazzabi tsawon awa 48. Na gaba, kana buƙatar aiwatar da ɓoyewarsu: cire tsaba da suke daɗa. Bayan haka, a kowace akwati dole ne a haxa shi da yashi mai tsabta (1: 3) kuma a sa a cikin firiji, a kan raƙuman ƙasa, daidaita yanayin zazzabi daga 0 zuwa +5 ° C. Tsawancin tsauri shine kwanaki 20-30.
Ana yin shuka a ƙarshen Afrilu - a farkon watan Mayu. Tsaba sun zurfafa cikin ƙasa ta 0.5-1 cm Distance tsakanin layuka shine 10-12 cm Daga sama, ana yayyafa tsaba da yashi da kuma matsin peat (3: 1). Kwaya ciyawa. Bayan fituttuka sun bayyana, bayan kimanin makonni biyu, an cire maɓallin ciyawa. Kula da larch seedlings ya shafi yau da kullum watering, jiyya tare da fungicides da cututtuka da kwari na conifers, thinning da weeding. Lokacin da matasan shuke-shuke suka kai shekaru biyu, an cire su zuwa wuri mai dindindin.
Larch ya damu da dasa shuki da wahala da tsawo. Duk da haka, idan yana da tushe, zai yi farin ciki tare da ci gaba da sauri - daga 1.5 zuwa 3.5 cm kowace shekara domin shekaru 20 na farko. A cikin shekaru hudu zuwa biyar, ya kai kimanin 1.5 m A lokacin da yake da shekaru 10, a ƙarƙashin yanayin girma mai kyau, zai fara bada 'ya'ya.
Kula da namo na larch
Larch baya buƙatar kari sosai idan yayi girma. Bisa mahimmanci, kamar sauran sauran tsire-tsire, yana buƙata a shayar da shi a kai a kai, ya sassauta ƙasa a cikin kewayen kewaye da gangar jikin, kawar da weeds, ya ciyar da su da kayan abinci da kuma datsa idan ya cancanta.
Watering, weeding da sassauta ƙasa
Larch yana da irin wannan yanayin kamar rashin jin tsoro na fari. Saboda haka, yin amfani da matasan shuke-shuken (har zuwa shekaru biyu), da kuma samfurori na samfurori a lokacin bushe, dole ne ya zama dole. Amfani da ruwa mai mahimmanci - lita 20 a kowanne ɗayan girma itace sau ɗaya ko sau biyu a mako.
Shin kuna sani? Ana ba da shawarar yin shayar da buƙatar ruwa tare da ruwa, wadda aka yi amfani da shi don wanke namomin kaza.
Game da shinge da weeding, kawai samari suna buƙatar shi. Tsarin tsire-tsire na iya yi ba tare da wannan hanya ba. Don yin wasu nau'o'in kyawawan dabbobin mai kyau, za a iya yanke rassansa, bada siffofin ban sha'awa ga kambi (shinge masu shinge, kambi, kwallaye, da dai sauransu) da kuma ci gaba da ci gaba. Sai kawai 'yan ƙuruciya ne kawai suke cin abinci.
Amfani
A cikin shekarar farko bayan dasa shuki, a watan Mayu, ana iya hawan ƙwayar shuka tare da ƙananan taki - Kemira Universal (20 g / 1 sq. M) zai kusanci ko abinci mai dauke da potassium da magnesium. A farkon lokacin rani, don inganta halayen daji, an zubar da kambi tare da maganin urea (10 g / 10 l na ruwa). A nan gaba, za ka iya a kowace shekara a farkon lokacin bazara, kafin a ci gaba da harbe, don amfani da taki don conifers.
Ƙasa ta ƙura
A ƙasa ne mulched tare da Layer na 5-6 cm nan da nan bayan dasa, ta yin amfani da bambaro, peat, sawdust, Pine needles. Ko da magungunan da suka fi tsananin zafi larch suna da kyau sosai kuma basu buƙatar ƙarin matakan don shirya sanyi. Duk da haka, shuke-shuke matasa, musamman a kan gangar jikin, yana da kyau a kunsa kullun. Wasu jinsuna zasu buƙaci garkuwar rassan don kada su karya a karkashin nauyin murfin dusar ƙanƙara.
Larch a kan wani akwati da kuma zane-zane
Ana amfani da masarautar a cikin zane-zane. Saboda gaskiyar cewa an yi wakiltar shi ba kawai daga manyan bishiyoyi ba, har ma da nau'in nau'in halitta, yankin aikace-aikace yana da yawa. Ana dasa shi a rukuni da soliternyh plantings, a matsayin shinge, a cikin lambuna masu duwatsu da lambun dutse. Itacen yana jure unguwa tare da wasu tsire-tsire. Mafi kyawun abokan tarayyar shi na iya zama conifers, rhododendrons, Linden, Birch, Maple, dutse ash, Juniper, viburnum, barberry.
Ƙananan larch a kan akwati mai kyau ne kuma ba sabon abu. Yawancin lokaci don namo a wannan hanyar ta amfani da irin Turai larch Kornik, Repens, Jafananci: Blue Dwarf, Stiff Weeper. Suna iya samun nau'o'i daban-daban: kuka, creeping, a matsayin matashin kai, da launuka daban-daban na needles: duhu kore, launin toka-launin toka. Kyawawan dabi'u iri-iri suna kallon wuraren hutawa, a kan lawn, a ƙofar gine-gine, a cikin tsaunuka mai tuddai, dakin budewa.
Akwai nau'o'in larch (misali, Wolterdingen), waxanda suke da kyau don dasa shuki a cikin kwantena kuma an sami amfani a cikin zane na junan Japan.
Cututtuka da kwari na larch, hanyoyin da ake rubutu da su
Kamar dukkanin magunguna, larch yana da dama abokan gaba a cikin nau'i na kwari, fungi da kwayoyin cuta. Babban cututtuka mafi girma ga itace ita ce ciwon daji na larch, wanda ke shafar ganye da akwati. Suna samar da sutsi mai haske, tsutsa suna fitowa a cikin kututture, da kuma gubar jini. Mafi muni ga wannan cuta shine tsire-tsire daga shekaru 3 zuwa 40, Turai da Siberian iri. 
Seedlings iya kama fusarium. Don hana wannan cututtuka, maganin ƙasa da kayan abu tare da bayani na potassium permanganate, shirye-shiryen da ke dauke da jan ƙarfe, "Fundazole" ana amfani. Yana rinjayar larch da shyutte. Kwayoyin cututtukan cututtuka sune launin toka a kan ganye, needles a watan Mayu. Daga bisani, needles juya launin rawaya da kuma fada a kashe. Don yin rigakafin wannan cuta ta amfani da ruwan bazara ta spraying "Zinebom" Bordeaux ruwa, wani bayani na colloidal sulfur.
A kan tinder, tushen sponge amfani da magani "Nitrofen", jan karfe sulphate. Daga cikin kwari, asu na asu, wanda caterpillars ke cin abinci a kan allurar, yana haifar da mummunan cutar ga aikin ado na larch. Don wargaza su, amfani da magani tare da kwari. An cire rassan da aka shafa.
Ana buƙatar maciji na pine ta hanyar zane-zane masu tsauri, da bishiyoyin gizo-gizo. A ruwan 'ya'yan itace na shuka ciyarwa akan launin ruwan kasa aphids da greenish hermes. A needles zama rawaya da mai lankwasa. Kwayoyin cuta, musamman Fozalon, Chlorofos, ana amfani da su don yaki.
Har ila yau, itace yana iya kaiwa zuwa hare-hare na tsutsotsi masu ciwo. An yi haushi da kambi da haushi da ƙuƙwalwa, barbs, da beetles. Don magance su tasiri spring spraying "Karbofos", "Nitrofen". Cones da tsaba suna cin caterpillars na asu mai nau'i-nau'i. A nan infusions da decoctions na shuke-shuke insecticidal iya taimaka. Larch - wani itace tare da hali, duk da haka, idan kun cika dukan bukatunsa, to, zai yi tsawon lokaci don yardar da ku tare da kambi mai laushi da launuka masu laushi, buƙatun da ba za a iya karya ba.
