Tsarin itacen apple na Yuzhnoye iri-iri yana haifar da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu dadi da magungunan sinadarai masu mahimmanci.
Apples suna da halaye masu kyau kuma suna da kyau a cikin masu amfani. Babban amfani a kulawa na farko, saboda itacen bishiya yana da tsayin daka wajen maganin cututtukan fungal.
Wane irin ne?
Southern Malus wakili ne na iri-iri. Yana da halin yawancin yawan amfanin ƙasa da tsauraran hunturu.
High scab rigakafi. Tsaro na 'ya'yan itatuwa a kan wata guda da rabi, duk da haka, ya dogara da adana apples:
- yawan zazzabi da ake bukata shine daga -2 ° C zuwa + 1 ° C;
- ajiya a cikin kwalaye na katako ko kwantena;
- dangi zafi 90-95%;
- 'ya'yan itace masu girma da yawa da kuma rarraba apples.
Ruwan jini
Irin itatuwan Apple dake kudancin yana nufin nau'in baƙar fatasabili da haka, pollination yakan faru saboda pollen na apple furanni na wani iri-iri.
Mafi kyau, hanyoyi na hanyoyi guda biyu a nesa da mita biyar daga juna.
A cikin rawar da pollinator, da Delicates iri-iri ne mafi kyau bayyana.
Bayani na yankuna na Kudu
Harsar itacen apple yana da girma da tsaka-tsakin girma, haske mai haske mai haske da matsakaici na lemun tsami-rawaya.
Girma da sauri, matsakaici a girma, tare da babban darajar sarauta mai girma.
Koraran raƙuman ruwa suna da iko, game da gangar jikin suna a wani kusurwa na kimanin digiri 80.
Gashin yana launin ruwan kasa tare da tinge launin toka. Ganye suna da kyau, kuma suna da launin kore-launin ruwan kasa..
Ƙananan siren ganye tare da jijiya mai hankali, siffar ellipsoidal tare da ƙarshen ƙarshen, duhu launi launi. A saman takardar ne m.
Girman matsakaici. A kan bishiya, a matsayin mai mulkin, kusan kusan girman da aka kafa.
Matsakaicin nauyin apple shine 110-120 grams.
Tare da kulawa mai kyau, nauyin tayin zai iya kai 180 grams.
Halin apple ya na yau da kullum, symmetrical, oblong-conical. Ƙunƙunƙarin ƙwayoyi ne m. Fata ne mai haske, ba mai farin ciki ba, tare da waxy shafi. Apple launi ne na musamman, lemun tsami yellow. Kashi na uku na farfajiyar yana da wata inuwa mai launin ruwan kasa a kan rana.
Jiki nama ne mai tsabta, farin ciki na granular, m. Abin dandano shine yawancin mai dadi, m. An ƙanshi ƙanshin 'ya'yan itacen.
Chemical abun da ke ciki:
- Sugar - kimanin 11%;
- Adidun acid - 0.65%;
- Ascorbic acid - 10.7 MG da 100 g.
Tarihin kiwo
A iri-iri na apple itatuwa Yuzhnoye da aka haife godiya ga Breeder: P. D. Yurchenko An samo shi a Cibiyar Nazarin Rubuce-rubucen Rukuniyar Kasa da Rasha da Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ta hanyar ƙetare iri - Delishes da Suislepiy.
Yankin ci gaban halitta
Apple itace Southern yadu a yankunan kudancin Rasha. Yawan iri-iri yana dacewa a wasu yankuna na yanki.
Yankin ci gaban yanayi shine yankin Krasnodar. Idan yanayin climatic bai dace ba, yana da muhimmanci don tabbatar da kulawa mai kyau, kuma sama da duka, dasa shukar itace (duba ƙasa).
Yawo
A apple na Yuzhnoye iri-iri ne halin precociousness.
A cikin itacen fruiting ya shiga na uku ko na hudu shekara bayan saukowa.
A aikace, a matsayin doka, an fuskanta a baya, amma ya fi kyau kada a yarda da wannan kuma a yanke furanni na shekaru uku na farko, to, itacen bishiya, a cikin dogon lokaci, zai samar da yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Ana yin girbi a rabin rabin watan Agusta.. Lokacin saurayi yana daga ƙarshen Agusta zuwa tsakiyar Oktoba.
Dasa da kulawa
Yawan amfanin ƙasa da girman nauyin apple iri-iri Yuzhnoye kai tsaye ya dogara da kulawa. Lokacin da dasa shuki itace Ana amfani da takin gargajiya masu amfani. Kula da itacen apple ba ya buƙatar ƙoƙarin da yawa.
Don yin itacen girma da karfi, lafiya da kyau, Abu na farko da kake buƙatar shi ne ka zaɓi sapling mai kyau. Dole ne ya kasance:
- tare da tushen tsarin tushen;
- girma a cikin yankin tare da wannan yanayi climatic;
- yaro, to, ya yi sauri ya dace da ƙasa a yankin da ya girma.
An shuka itatuwan Apple a cikin yanayi uku:
- kaka;
- rani;
- spring.
Bayan samun samfurori, yana da matukar muhimmanci a zabi wurin da ya dace don dasa shuki na Kudancin iri-iri apple tree:
- yanki na rana;
- rashin iska;
- yankunan da ake dasawa ya kamata a tsabtace su;
- ƙasa ne porous;
- an bada shawara don amfani da layi ko yashi ƙasa;
- kauce wa wuraren da ruwan karkashin kasa yake kusa da farfajiya;
- yadda ya kamata a shirya rami mai saukowa.
Mafi Wani muhimmin mahimmanci a tsarin saukowa shine shiri na tuddai..
Tun da kudancin iri iri ne mai tsayi, sabili da haka Dole ne a shirya rami tare da diamita da zurfin 0.7-0.8 mita, a nesa da mita uku daga juna. An rarraba ƙasa mai lakaɗa zuwa kashi biyu: ƙasa daga ƙasa (bari mu kira shi kasa No. 1) da ƙasa daga gefen rami (ƙasa N ° 2). Yi wadannan matakai:
- muna sarrafa rami ta hanyar cire weeds;
- sassauta kasa;
- mun fada barci ƙasa lambar 2;
- ƙara zuwa rami humus, toka da kuma ma'adinai mai ma'adinai a cikin rabo daga 1: 0.8: 1 da kuma Mix;
- wanda yake barci a ƙasa 1.
Zai fi kyau a shirya rami mai saukowa baya bayan mako guda kafin saukowa. Lokacin mafi kyau shine makonni 3.
Muna shuka shuka a hankali, zai fi dacewa cikin hannaye guda huɗu, da kuma ɗaure shi zuwa tarkon katako tare da takwas.
Gudun zuwa tarkon da muke riƙe itacen apple don shekara daya da rabi.
Shekara mai zuwa bayan dasa shuki, a cikin bazara, yana da muhimmanci a samar da kambi na launi na itacen apple.
Dole ne a datse ƙarshen kowane reshe ne kyawawa na farko ko hudu ko biyar, kada ka bari itacen apple ya bada 'ya'ya (yana da muhimmanci don tattara 80-100% na furanni). A farkon shekara ta Afrilu, ya kamata a shafe bishiyoyi tare da gauraya masu karewa daga kwari. Wannan hanya ya kamata a yi sau biyu:
- lokacin da buds suka fara faduwa akan rassan;
- kafin a yi amfani da buds.
Bugu da ari, itacen apple ba ya buƙatar taki na musamman.
Kulawa na farko a farkon shekaru biyar bayan dasa:
- yanyan bishiyoyi don karewa daga rodents da hares (kayan - takarda, lapnik);
- mulching tare da humus pristvolnyh da'irori;
- Tudun ƙasa zuwa tsawon ashirin da centimeters;
- na yau da kullum.
Cututtuka da kwari
Bishiyoyi iri dake kudancin kasar suna nuna girman juriya ga scab. Amma a cikin aikin, ana nuna itacen apple ne kawai ga cututtuka masu zuwa da kwari:
- 'ya'yan itace rot;
- shan kashi kore aphids;
- ciwo na asu;
- m pimples.
Fruit Rot - Wani cututtuka na irin fungal, wanda ya shiga cikin tsakiyar tayin ta hanyar fashe da raunuka da dabbobi, da iskar ko wata hanya ta halitta a baya. Alamar farko ita ce bayyanar launin ruwan kasa akan fata na apple, wanda zai yi girma har sai apple ya ɓace.
Green aphid - Wannan shi ne kwaro tare da kyawawan saurin haifuwa. A cikin 'yan kwanaki, wani shafi na aphids zai iya buga mafi yawan ganye na itace. Aphid sucks da ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga greenery da harbe, saboda abin da suka mutu da kuma fada. Hanyar mafi girma ta hanyar kubutawa ita ce ta saki macebird. A cikin layi daya, ana iya yadu itace tare da kashi 3% na nitrafen da / ko karbofos.
Sau da yawa da kudancin iri-iri itace ban mamaki asu.
Waɗannan su ne butterflies na dare, wanda ya sa qwai farko a kan ganyen itatuwa, da kuma bayan da samuwar ovaries, a kan 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Wannan yana haifar da bayyanar tsutsotsi. Lokacin da itacen ya rigaya ya rigaya ya buge shi, dole ne a yada shi da kwari. Mafi mahimmanci:
- wanda ke dauke da lalata;
- karbofos.
Lokacin da cutar ta tafi don rigakafi, zaka iya amfani da kayan ado na wormwood. Tsuntsaye ne mai girma kwaro kisa. Don yin wannan, zaka iya gina gine-gine akan itace mai wahala.
Yana da mahimmanci don halakar (cire kuma ƙone) gawawwakin matattu. Larvae zai iya kasancewa a ƙarƙashinsa kuma ya samo. Kwayar 'ya'yan itace yana nuna' ya'yan itace.
Gilashi mai sauƙin yawa yakan tasowa saboda rashin adadin ƙwayar alli a cikin ƙasa, wani nau'i mai yawa na nitrogen da takin mai magani, zafi mai zafi, wani lokacin girbi, da ajiya mara kyau. Haka kuma cutar ta nuna kanta kamar launin ruwan kasa da ke tawayar cututtuka kuma yana rinjayar tayin a hanyoyi biyu:
- a kan itace;
- lokacin ajiya.
Babban magani ga apple bishiyoyi shine hana cutar.
Mafi yawan matakan da ke da tasiri akan cututtuka daban-daban na Yuzhnoye apple iri-iri:
- pollination na colloidal sulfur da jan karfe mahadi;
- lalata abubuwan da aka shafa;
- haɗuwa da potash da phosphorus irin;
- gabatarwar ash a cikin ƙasa;
- kafawar kambi;
- ciyar da takin mai magani na potash;
- Calcium chloride spraying a lokacin girma kakar;
- girbi mai dacewa.
A iri-iri na apple itatuwa Yuzhnoye yana da kyau da ake samu da kuma kawo kyakkyawan 'ya'yan itatuwa da high nazarin halittu darajar.
Babban amfani da iri-iri shine babban haɗin kai ga scab.
Tare da shiri na musamman, sapling zai cigaba a kan kowane ƙasa. Itacen ba ya buƙatar kulawa na musamman. Idan akwai shan kashi ta hanyar kwari, magani bazai buƙatar ƙoƙarin da yawa ba.
