Apple iri A baya baya Aloe yana ba da kyakkyawan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu kyau. Al'adu ba burin yin girma ba ne kuma bai bukaci kulawa ba.
Da iri-iri yana da kyau don yin jam da bushewa. Daban-daban na aikin gona, wanda ya danganta da lokacin girbi, ya raba zuwa: rani (Yuli-Agusta), kaka (Agusta-Satumba), hunturu (Oktoba).
Kowane rukuni, a gefe guda, za a iya raba shi zuwa subgroups (misali: farkon lokacin rani da ƙarshen rani).
Dabbobi iri daban-daban
Tashin bishiyar bishiya Tsohon furotin na farko yana nufin farkon lokacin rani. Maturation yana faruwa a ƙarshen Yuli.
Tsarin bishiyo yana magana ne da irin itatuwan 'ya'yan itace mai sanyi.
Matsakaicin matsakaici zuwa scab.
Da iri-iri suna halin precocity, shiga fruiting don shekaru 3-4 bayan saukowa. Yawan aiki da tsauraran hunturu suna da yawa.
Ruwan jini
Yawan iri iri iri na farko, Aloe yana bukatar a dasa shi kusa da itatuwan apple, wanda yake cikin nau'in jinsunan guda guda, wato, zuwa farkon rani. Yana da samfurin kai-da-kai.
Ga pollination, iri ne mafi kyau dace: Altai ruddy, Cowberry, Wine, Mantet, Yuli Chernenko, Korobovka, Silver Hoof, Solntsedar, Suilep.
Lalacin furanni na pistil na itace yana faruwa saboda pollen na wasu bishiyoyi. Tabbas, zai kasance idan an dasa shuki na itatuwan apple na nau'i daban daban daban a nesa babu fiye da mita 50.
Bayyanar apple
Bayyana itacen bishiya yana da tsaka-tsayi, matsayi mai haske mai tsayi da launin ja.
Shuka da sauri, kambi sun tasowa matsakaici kauri, ba high (a matsakaita 4-5 m).
Rashin rassan suna kusa da juna, madaidaicin madaidaiciya da iyakar su suna zuwa sama.
Gashi yana launin launin toka. Takaddun Fetus - nau'i mai sauki da ƙwayar wuya.
Harbe suna zagaye tare da tinge launin ruwan kasa. Matsakaicin mataki na lalacewa.
Girman matsakaici, asymmetrical, m kirim mai launin shuɗi tare da ja, wani lokacin crimson ko inuwa inuwa tare da m da m fata.
Yaren fari, mai kyau da kuma ɓangaren ɓangaren litattafan 'ya'yan itace, yana da sauri a cikin yanayin zafi. Abincin Apple mai dadi da m tare da ƙanshi mai ƙanshi. Nauyin nauyin apple shine nauyin kilo 85-120.
Shelf rayuwa game da wata daya. Ko da yake a gaskiya an aje shi da yawa.
Hotuna
Tarihin kiwo
A tsaba na matasan na biyu iri Melba da Papirovka da aka sown a 1966. A karo na farko da aka lura da bayyanar 'ya'yan itace a shekarar 1973. Sai kawai a 1998 ya kasance Cibiyar Nazarin Rukuniyar Rukuni ta Duniya ta gabatar da ita don samar da ƙwayar 'ya'yan itatuwa a jihar. da rajista. Masu shayarwa sune: E. N. Sedov, N. G. Krasova, T. A. Trofimova, M. V. Mi-he-e-wa, Z. Mr. Serova.
Ƙasar girma
Apple Tree Scarlet A farkon da aka bred a ƙasar na Rasha a yau Cibiyar Nazarin Rukuni na Rukuniyar Rukuniyar Rasha - wannan itacen apple yana zoned a tsakiyar Rasha.
Yanayin girma shine arewa maso yammacin yankin. Zazzabi Oryol zaɓi a Kolomna.
Tun da wannan iri-iri ba yana da mahimmanci a cikin namo, yana da kyau kuma yana samar da kyakkyawan 'ya'yan itatuwa a wasu yankuna.
Abinda ke da muhimmanci shi ne saka idanu akai-akai game da itacen apple, ci gaba da cututtuka da taki.
Domin dasa a cikin wannan yankin su dace da iri: Augusta, Idared, Antonovka kayan zaki, Aelita, Kaka Smith, Rock, Grushovka hunturu, Cinnamon taguwar, Antaeus, Kuibyshev, Apple Spas, Bellefleur Kitaika, Lobo, Yandykovskoe, Jubilee Moscow Stroevskoe Sunny, Kirsimeti , Freshness, Northern Sinap.
Yawo
Itacen ya fara fure, a karo na biyu na watan Mayu. Itacen ya fara yin 'ya'ya don 3-4 shekara bayan saukowa. Bacewa ba lokaci daya ba.
Girbi Aloe da farko a yankin Oryol Yankin yana faruwa sau ɗaya a shekara kuma yana farawa daga farkon zuwa tsakiyar watan Agusta, lokacin da aka lura da tsarin Papirovka a farkon watan Agusta.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na farko cinye daga farkon kwanakin Agusta zuwa tsakiyar Satumba. Apples yana da sauri sosai. Sakamakon ya kasance mai girma.
High yawan amfanin ƙasa daban-daban iri: Persian, ni'ima, Free, Korea, Zhiguli, lura, Elena, alama, Green Valley, Jonathan, Jonagold, Volzhanka, Knight, Gogaggen dan, Venyaminovskoe, Bryansk, Bratchud, Borovinka, Bolotovskii, Berkutovskoe, Aphrodite, Arkadik, Sic , Gala, Ƙwaƙwalwar Ulyanischev, Calvil Snow, Isetskoe Late.
Matsakaicin yawan amfanin 'ya'yan itatuwa na Early Aloe iri iri ne 170 masu tsakiya a kowace hectare.
Don kwatanta, da iko iri-iri Papirovka bada 120 centers.
A cikin hunturu, kana buƙatar adana apples a cikin kwantena katako ko racks.
Mafi yawan zafin jiki shine 0 ° C.
Yana da kyawawa cewa 'ya'yan itatuwa sun kasance a cikin girman su.
Dasa da kulawa
Lokacin da dasa shuki itace ta amfani da takin gargajiya. A kula da itacen bishiya ba burin ba ne.
Muhimmanci! A lokacin da dasa shuki, kauce wa wuraren da ruwan karkashin kasa yake kusa da farfajiya. In ba haka ba, seedling zai kasance a cikin ruwa, da kuma itacen zai rot.
Apple seedlings, bisa ga sharhi da kuma shawara mai kwarewa, ana shuka mafi kyau a ƙasa kafin hunturu.
Amma daga baya fiye da wata daya daga farkon waɗannan sanyi.
Mafi kyawun watanni don dasa shuki seedlings daga farkon Aloe iri-iri ne Satumba ko Oktoba (dangane da yanayin da yanayin damuwa).
Don yin itacen girma da karfi kuma ya kawo yawan amfanin ƙasa, ana bada shawara don amfani ƙasa loam.
Tabbatar ruwa mai yawan gaske itace nan da nan bayan saukowa.
Na gaba shekara bayan saukarwa, a cikin bazara, yana da muhimmanci a kambin foliar itatuwan apple. Dole ne a datse ƙarshen kowane reshe. A watan Afrilu dole ku yi ban ruwa na bishiyoyi tare da gaurayawan da suke karewa daga kwari.
Wannan hanya ya kamata a yi sau biyu:
- lokacin da buds suka fara faduwa akan rassan;
- kafin buds Bloom.
Bayan haka, itacen baya bukatar a hadu da shi har shekara guda. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a shayar da itacen sosai, musamman a lokacin rani.
Cututtuka da kwari
Kusan kowane al'adun lambu yana fuskantar kai hari ta hanyar kwari da kuma farawar cututtuka daban-daban. Musamman idan yazo da apples.
Don kauce wa shan kashi, yana da muhimmanci a ware itacen apple daga wasu albarkatu a gonar, kula da ingancin tsirrai kuma kullum disinfect da takin kasar gona.
Idan cutar ta kai hari kan itacen, to, alamar farko ita ce bayyanar raunuka (naman gwari) a kan haushi. Mafi naman ganyayyaki shine tinder Yana da rinjayar rinjayar gangar jikin itacen apple, amma yana rinjayar 'ya'yan itacen kai tsaye.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ba a shafi shi kawai ba da ginshiƙai, da ganimar da dukan girbin. Ana samun 'ya'yan itatuwa ko ba cikakke ba, ko kuma tare da jerin ɓangarorin lalacewa.
Muhimmanci a farkon farkon wannan irin an cire naman gwari yanzu. Kwanan wata na naman gwari akan haushi yana jawo yawan ƙarfin da kuma kayan da ake bukata don apple al'ada zama.
Idan naman kaza bai riga ya zama mawuyacin hali ba, to, zaku iya amfani da wuka na yau da kullum don yanke shi. Idan naman gwari ya lalata itacen da kyau, ya zama babba kuma yana da karfi, to, ba za ku iya yin ba tare da wani gatari ba.
Zaman lafiya zai sha wahala. Yana da muhimmanci a halakar da naman gwari a tushenta sosai.
In ba haka ba, bayan wani lokaci, naman ganyayyaki "sake saitawa" a wuri guda. Bayan kawar da kamuwa da cuta, inda za ta girma ta bukaci a tsaftace shi.
Abu mafi mahimmanci shi ne cewa yanke shi ma, mafi yawan lokuta yana faruwa. yi kamar wata yanka.
Tsarin aiki ya kamata a yi jan karfe sulphate, bayan haka yana da kyawawa fenti a kan yankin da aka kula da man fetur. Idan ba a yi wannan ba, da ciwon zai zama nida ga wasu nau'o'in kwari.
Shahararren mashahuri na biyu shine scab. Kayanta shi ne na farko yana shafar ganye daga itacen, sannan kuma motsa zuwa 'ya'yan itace.
Gashin jikin ya kasance lafiya. Bishiyoyi na farko na Aloe suna cikin nau'in nau'i-nau'i. Dalilin wannan naman gwari zai iya zama Air stagnation a cikin kambi daga itacen ko high zafi.
Sakamakon farko na scab shine bayyanar launin kore-launin ruwan kasa a kan ganyayyaki, har ma a cikin babban adadin kananan launin ruwan kasa, wanda ya kafa ɓawon burodi, spots a kan 'ya'yan itace.
Don hana wannan cuta, yana da muhimmanci a gudanar da rigakafi, wanda ya kunshi:
- ƙasa ash;
- kafawar kambi;
- ciyar da takin mai magani na potash;
- ciyar da takin.
Idan cutar ta ci gaba da tayar da itace, ya kamata ku fara magani. Wannan magani ne saboda sarrafa ƙasa a kusa da amfanin gona da kuma spraying itacen tare da daban-daban gaurayawan.
A matsayinka na mai mulki, wannan tsari ne na duniya, wanda shine rigakafi da maganin kusan dukkanin cututtuka na itacen gona.
Mafi kyau jiyya sune: wani bayani na urea (a matsakaita, ana bukatar 7-8 lita ta kowane itace), jan oxychloride, wanda dole ne a yi amfani da farko kafin flowering, sa'an nan a lokacin bayyanar 'ya'yan itatuwa, da kuma Bordeaux ruwa, wadda za a sauya sauƙin maye gurbin da sulfate.
Ana iya ƙaddamar da cewa apple iri-iri Na farko da 'ya'yan itace mai suna Bears suna da kyakkyawan' ya'yan itatuwa da yawan darajar halitta. Tare da shiri na musamman, sapling zai cigaba a kan kowane ƙasa.
Itacen ba ya buƙatar kowane kulawa na musamman. Matsakaicin matsakaici ga cututtuka. Idan akwai damuwa ta hanyar kwari, magani baya buƙatar ƙoƙarin gaske.
