Mun san masaniya da wani Vanilla na orchid. Kulawa da kula da hotuna

Vanilla Orchid, fannin kimiyya Vanílla, na ainihi ne na ainihin lianas na tsohuwar Orchid iyali. Daga wannan labarin, za ka iya gano abin da Vanilla Orchid yake, da cikakken bayani da tarihin abin da ya faru, bambance-bambance daga wasu nau'ikan da biyan kuɗi na vanilla orchids, lokacin da ya fure da yadda za a magance shi, da kuma yadda za a yadawa da abin da cututtuka da kwari za su iya zama.

Menene wannan shuka?

Furen nasa ne ga epiphytes - saboda tsarin da aka sare, an sauƙaƙe shi da bishiyoyi, stumps. Akwai nau'o'in halittu masu rai na vanilla orchid suna girma a wurare masu zafi na duniya. Ana kuma kira flower ne Orchid Vanilla saboda 'ya'yan itatuwa, wanda bayan aiki ya zama sananne. Don dalilai na masana'antu, an shuka fure a Indonesia, Madagascar, a kan tsibirin Reunion na tsibirin. 'Ya'yan itace itace akwatin kwasfa.

Bayanin cikakken bayanin

A yanayi, vanchi orchid an samo shi ne a pre-foliage. Shuka azumi, mai girma flower yana da tsawon curly rassan. Tsawon tayi ya kai 20-25 m a tsawon. Cikin dukan tsire-tsire sune nodes da suke samar da asali. Ganyayyaki suna oblong, lanceolate, leathery, fleshy a tsari. Tsawon launi na ganye shine 15 - 18 cm. A gida, a matsayin mai mulkin, 'ya'yan itatuwa ba su da tushe.

Tarihin

A Italiya, Spain, Vanilla orchid da aka sani da farkon farkon karni na 16. An gabatar da tasirin tropical zuwa Turai daga baya, a cikin karni na 19. A cikin zamani na fure-fure, akwai fiye da nau'in 100 na wannan furen. Irin nau'in nau'in iri ne aka saba don girma a yanayin yanayin gida.

Kawai 'yan iri iri iri na vanilla orchid sunada kwalaye -' ya'yan itace.

Ana amfani da kayan Tahitian da Vestindia vanilla ba kawai a dafa abinci ba, amma har ma a turare.

Menene bambanci daga wasu nau'in?

Babban bambanci tsakanin orchids da vanilla daga wasu orchids - har zuwa girma na mai tushe. Wannan iri-iri ne mai tasiri - mai tsayi, tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsalle. Har ila yau, wasu irin wannan jinsin suna girma musamman don samar da kayan yaji. Alal misali, vanilla leaf van na tsiro ba kawai a cikin gandun daji na Mexico da Panama ba, amma har ma yana raye a Madagascar da Seychelles.

Vanilla orchid ne mai sarrafa kayan ruwa a cikin mai tushe.kamar masu wakiltar wakilai.

Vanilla orchid na shekara daya tare da kulawa nagari ya ba da karuwa mai yawa. Tsaya yayi girma da 50 - 100 cm.

Hotunan Vanilla-type da hotuna

Flat Plate (Vanilla planifolia)

Flat sheet - shahararren irin, da kuma saba da yanayin gida. Girma kamar al'adun cikin gida ko greenhouse. Fure yana da yawa, m. Furen suna da taushi mai laushi, rawaya kore. Flowers Bloom alternately. Gudun ruwa yana da tsawo, har zuwa makonni 3 - 4. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a cikin tsaka-tsalle. Tsari na girma a cikin kungiyoyi, har zuwa kashi 7 - 9.

Lemon ficewa

Varietal iri-iri vanilla. Tana da tsayi mai zurfi, samar da tsire-tsire masu zafi, har ma a yanayin zama. Tushen rani suna da launin launin launin fata. Ganyayyaki suna da manyan, masu nama, duhu kore. Alamar takarda tana da nau'i mai nau'i. Furen suna haske da rawaya tare da lemun tsami. Wannan iri-iri yana samar da tsarin tushen karfi.

Flowering

Yaushe kuma ta yaya?

A karkashin yanayin yanayi, vanilla orchid blooms a cikin shekaru 3. Inflorescences manyan, hada har zuwa 10 furanni. Furen suna rawaya tare da tinge.

Taimako! Furewa mai ban sha'awa a cikin asalinsu suna jawo hankalin tsuntsaye da ƙudan zuma na waje, kuma su ma sun shafe fure a cikin hanyar hanya. A cikin samar da pollination ne da ake gudanar da artificially.

Tsari tare da tsaba yayi ripen wata shida bayan haka.

Kafin da bayan flowering

Thermophilic vanilla orchid yana son hydration da dumi yanayi duk shekara zagaye.. A cikin kaka da hunturu, ya kamata ku yi amfani da ƙarin hasken wuta tare da fitilu na musamman. Bayan flowering, ya kamata a shirya orchid don hutawa - rage yawan zafin jiki, rage ragewa da kuma watering.

Mene ne idan buds ba su bayyana ba?

A cikin lambu na lambu orchid vanilla blooms da wuya. Kayan ado na ado yana da fure mai tushe, mai haske.

1. Domin flowering ya kamata ƙara yawan zafi, ƙara yau da kullum spraying.
2. Ana buƙatar bambancin yau da kullum na digiri da yawa. Jirgin iska bai kamata ya fada a kasa 20 ° C.
3. Saboda rashin haske, ba a kafa buds ba. Don yawan flowering bukatar cikakken haske.
4. Wata kila kasar gona cakuda ba dace da vines, nauyi ƙasa inhibits flowering.

Umurnin umarnin gida na mataki-mataki

Zaɓin wuri

Orchid vanilla yana cin haske da zafi.. Ya kamata a kasance a gefen yamma ko gabashin gidan. Dole ne a shaded windows windows tare da wani labule mai haske ko tulle.

A cikin watanni mai zafi, za ku iya ɗaukar tukwane zuwa iska mai tsabta, don kare kariya daga hasken rana mai tsananin haske.

Ƙasa da kuma tukunya

Matsakaici ya kamata ya zama haske, sako-sako da, breathable. Da abun da ke ciki na ƙwayar ƙasa:

• Terun Aljanna - 3 hours
• Ƙasa Mixed for orchids - 2 hours
• Perlite - 2 hours
• Shagon -1 hour
• Layer layi - matsakaici guda na yumbuɗa kumbura.

Wani abu mai sauƙi a ƙasa shi ne cakuda gonar lambu tare da adadi mai yawa na perlite, don haka kasar gona tana da ikon sarrafa ruwa, breathability.

Wurin yana buƙatar mai zurfi, ba ma zurfi ba. Zaka iya amfani da tukwane na filastik.

Zai fi dacewa da girma vanchi orchid a cikin tukunyar da ake ratayewa da ƙwanƙwasa. Wajibi ne don yin ramuka ba kawai a kasan tukunya ba, amma kuma a gefen gefen.

Yana da muhimmanci! Taimako na musamman don mai tushe, don haka furen zai iya yalwatawa zuwa tarnaƙi. Taimakawa ya hana lalacewa da raguwa da kara.

Zazzabi

Vanilla orchid yana da matukar thermophilic, don amfanin gona na gida yana da muhimmanci a kiyaye shi a zafin jiki na 20-25 ° C a ko'ina cikin shekara. Furen yana jure wa yanayin zafi zafi har zuwa 27-28 ° C tare da iska mai kyau da kuma tsarma. Muhimmanci: kada a bada izinin sauyawar canji a cikin zazzabi da dare, flower zai iya samun rashin lafiya. Bambanci na yau da kullum ya kamata ya wuce 3 - 4 ° C.

Humidity

Yana da irin wannan Ana buƙatar zafi mai yawa - har zuwa 80 - 90%. Dole a yi fure fure a kowace rana, injin ya amsa da kyau don yin wanka tare da ruwan sha.

Mafi girman yawan zazzabi, mafi girman zafi ya kamata.

Tabbatar cewa yalwata cikin dakin don iska mai kyau. Mutane da yawa masu shuka suna amfani da fan saboda wannan dalili.

Haskewa

Hasken van orchid mai haske yana bunƙasa da kyau, yana haskaka haske. Hasken rana mai haske zai iya lalata furen.

Watering

1. Ruwa da fure a kai a kai.
2. Dole ne ƙasa ta zama dan kadan a duk lokacin.
3. Yanayin mahimmanci shine ruwa ana amfani dashi ne kawai tsabta ko ruwan sama, a cikin dakin da zafin jiki. Sau ɗaya a wata, dole ne a shayar da orchid vanilla ta hanyar nutsewa.
4. An saukar da tukunya a cikin babban babban akwati da ruwa mai dumi don 10-15 minti. Bayan yin iyo ya kamata a bar shi ya shafe ruwa mai yawa. Ruwan ruwa daga pallet dole ne a sauke shi nan da nan don kada ya jiji.
5. Ana yin watering da sassafe ko bayan faɗuwar rana.
6. A lokacin hutawa, a cikin hunturu, ana rage yawan ruwa. Amma ba shi yiwuwa a bushe madara.

Top dressing

A cikin bazara da lokacin rani, an yi amfani da substrate 1 lokaci a cikin kwanaki 10-14. da takin gargajiya na musamman don orchids. A wannan lokacin, takin mai magani yana da kyawawa don ci gaban mai tushe da ganye. A cikin hunturu, ciyarwa ya rage ta rabi.

Tashi

Sake fure kawai lokacin da tukunya ya zama karami don tushen. Tsarin ɗin yana gudana daga ramukan tsawa. Ana gudanar da tsari a cikin bazara.

Tsarin aikin dashi na gaba:

1. An shayar da ƙwayar.
2. A hankali cire daji daga tukunya.
3. Yanke lalacewa da asalinsu.
4. An rufe wuraren wuraren lalacewa tare da murmushi.
5. Gudun ruwa yana zuba cikin kasa na sabon tanki.
6. An dasa shuka a cikin wani sabon tukunya.
7. Hanyar yin amfani da shi (wanda aka ajiye).
8. Ƙananan wurare suna cike da sabon substrate.
9. Watering yau da kullum.

Yadda za a ninka?

Mafi sauki da kuma mafi araha hayar hanya ne grafting.

Yanke hanyoyin da aka yanke:

1. Sashe na kara an yanka 30 - 35 cm.
2. A kasa na yankan duk ganye an yanke.
3. Ginin yana zurfafawa cikin ƙurar rigar.
4. Don tallafawa wani sapling an tallafawa goyon baya.
5. Za a iya iya yin amfani da kwarewa ta fuskar fim.
6. Ana yaduwa ga greenhouse kowace rana.
7. Ana cire tankuna a wani wuri mai shaded.
8. Yanayin zafin jiki - 25 ° C.
9. An shafe ƙasa a hankali.
10. Gyara yana faruwa a cikin makonni 4.
11. An cire fim.

Muna ba ka damar kallon bidiyon game da cuttings na vanilla orchid:

Cututtuka da kwari

• Daga stagnation na ruwa a cikin tukunya tasowa fara rot. Tsire-fashe na iya faruwa. Buƙatar da ake buƙatar zuwa wani sabon substrate. Yanke cututtuka mai tushe da asalinsu.
• Daga iska mai bushe, rashin ruwa, ganyayyaki suna juya rawaya. Ya kamata ku kara watering da spraying daji.
• Daga mummunan hasken rana a kan ganyayyaki suna nuna alamomi - konewa. Wajibi ne don inuwa windows ko sake shirya tukwane zuwa wani wuri.
• Shawa mai zafi da soaking yana da kyakkyawar rigakafi na bayyanar da kaya da kuma tsabtace gizo-gizo.
• Lokacin da kwari ya bayyana, dole ne a fesa wajibi, a yi amfani da kasar gona tare da maganin phytoderm ko wasu kwari.

Kulawa mai kyau, transplanting, na yau da kullum pruning suna da muhimmanci.Wannan yana ba ka damar yin sauri sosai girma na yanayi mai zafi a kan windowsill.