Tsarin girma na tumatir tumatir shine tsarin aiki na samar da yanayi mai kyau don shi, la'akari da hasken yanayi, yawan zazzabi na iska, lokacin rani da wasu dalilai.
Wasu lokuta tumatir seedlings a gida ya zama tsayi da yawa, kuma idan baku san abin da za ku yi a irin waɗannan lokuta ba, za ku iya halakar da dukkanin seedlings.
Ka'idojin kulawa masu sauki suna ba ka damar kare seedlings daga janye mai tushe, don haka su zama lafiya, mai daɗi da barga.
Mene ne jawo tumatir ya nufi kuma me zai iya kaiwa?
Shan da tumatir seedling ne elongation da na lokaci daya thinning na stalks na seedlings, abin da ke faruwa a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci idan ba a bi ka'idodin kula ba. A wannan yanayin, a lokacin da aka dasa seedlings, ba ƙananan ba ne, ƙananan seedlings da ke tsiro, amma ƙananan, ƙananan rassan da bazukan da ke da tsaka-tsalle masu tsayi wanda ya rasa zaman lafiya kuma ba'a riƙe shi tsaye.
Ana cire gwanin irin waɗannan tsire-tsire, kuma tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ci gaba sannu a hankali, ba su yi kyau ba, suna kuma haifar da 'ya'ya mara kyau.
Dalilai
An jawo tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire saboda sakamakon saɓani na ka'idojin kulawa. Dalili na iya zama kamar haka:
Ƙara hasken wuta. Daga lokacin da aka shuka tsaba, tsire-tsire suna buƙatar hasken rana. Don tumatir, kudanci ya fi so. Ba'a ba da shawarar da za a cire su daga hasken haske (windows) ba. Idan babu hasken, ƙwayoyin za su kasance masu laushi kuma sun yi haushi, an fitar da su cikin sauri cikin mako guda.- Ba da yarda da tsarin mulki ba. Seedlings tumatir bukatar temperate dumi sauyin yanayi. Yanayin rana ya kamata ya kasance a cikin digiri 18-25, daren - 14-16 digiri. Lokacin da yawan zafin jiki ya yi tsawo ko kuma maras kyau, ana fitar da tsire-tsire kuma ba su da yawa.
- Rashin cuta na ruwa. Ana fitar da tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire tare da magunguna masu yawa, saboda haka ne seedlings ke inganta tushen tsarin da kare kansu daga juyawa.
- Ƙarfi mai sauƙi wanda ke haifar da gazawar ba kawai sarari ba, amma har da haske da kayan abinci. Seedlings fara toshe juna, su foliage crushes. Wannan yana haifar da yaduwa mai tsayi na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, wanda ya zama marar lahani kuma zai iya fada.
- Ƙari na gina jiki musamman, nitrogen da phosphorus. Ingantaccen sashi na takin mai magani ko ƙasa wadda ba ta dace ba, wadda ba ta dace da tumatir ta yawan adadin abubuwa, ya haifar da yaduwar tsirrai da tsirrai da kuma muhimmin underdevelopment na tushen tsarin. Yayin da ake juyawa zuwa wuri na dindindin, irin waɗannan seedlings sau da yawa ba zasu iya tushe ba.
- Rashin potassium a cikin ƙasa. Ana rashin kula da potassium a yayin da ake shirya ƙasa da kansa ta hanyar lambu, da amfani da tsohuwar, yumbu ko yashi. A wannan yanayin, seedlings suna tsayin daka sosai, kuma ganyayyakin cotyledon suna da tsayi.
- Zalunci da lokaci na dasa shuki seedlings. Yana faruwa a lokacin shuka tsaba a farkon wuri ko a cikin yanayi mara kyau, lokacin da ba za'a iya dasa seedlings ba a cikin ƙasa a lokacin da aka bada shawarar. A nan gaba, irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin bazai yi fure ba su mutu.
- Mafi zurfin dasa tsaba. Yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa tsire-tsire masu tsayi suna zuwa ƙasa kuma suna ci gaba da girma a gaba.
Ƙara hasken wuta. Daga lokacin da aka shuka tsaba, tsire-tsire suna buƙatar hasken rana. Don tumatir, kudanci ya fi so. Ba'a ba da shawarar da za a cire su daga hasken haske (windows) ba. Idan babu hasken, ƙwayoyin za su kasance masu laushi kuma sun yi haushi, an fitar da su cikin sauri cikin mako guda.Yaya za a shuka seedlings a gida don kada su shimfiɗa ƙarfi?
Don seedlings ba miƙa, an bada shawarar zuwa bi wasu dokoki:
- Shuka tsaba sosai a lokacin da aka kayyade a cikin umarnin kan marufi na tsaba (a cikin Fabrairu ko farkon Maris). A karkashin yanayin halayen halayen, ya fi dacewa don amfani da iri iri da zasu sami lokaci don yin tazarar girma.
- Kada ka yi marigayi tare da dasa bishiyoyi zuwa wuri na dindindin.
- Yi amfani don dasa shuki iri mai kyau ba tare da ƙare ba.
- Yi la'akari da lokacin hasken rana don wuri na seedlings.
- Yi amfani da matashi mai dacewa ga tumatir, wanda ya kamata ya zama sako-sako, mai gina jiki da kyau sosai.
- Aiwatar da ma'adinai da takin mai magani a cikin kiwo. Idan an shirya taki ta hannun, to, amfani da peat, takin da ƙasa a cikin rabon 3: 2: 1.
Don gudanar da ruwa na yau da kullum, amma don kauce wa samuwar ɓawon burodi akan ƙasa. Tumatir fi so yawanci, amma ba m watering tare da cikakken ko kusan cikakken bushewa na kasar gona a maimakon kullum m watering. Ya kamata a rabu da ruwa da dumi, ba kasa da digiri 30 ba. Watering na seedlings ne da za'ayi 1 lokaci a cikin kwanaki 3-4 (a lõkacin da ganye fara fada a seedlings).- Yi la'akari da irin iri-iri (farkon, tsakiyar kakar ko marigayi).
- Ba su amfani da ƙasa don dasa shuki, wanda nightshade (eggplants, dankali, tumatir) sun yi girma a cikin shekaru 3 da suka gabata.
- Kafin shuka, ana shuka tsaba a cikin rana tare da wani bayani mai karfi na potassium permanganate (1: 5000). A cikin ruwa tare da ruwa, potassium permanganate ya ba da potassium, wanda wajibi ne don seedlings don girma girma.
- Ana shuka tsaba zuwa zurfin ba fiye da 1.5 centimeters ba.
- Bayan da shuka, an rufe tsaba da tsare. Warm yanayi na taimaka wa dace girma na seedlings (zazzabi 22-25 digiri).
- Tabbatar da cire fim din bayan fitowar harbe - to, tsarin tushen su zai fara girma. Idan wannan ba a yi ba, da tsire-tsire za su yi girma elongated, m kuma tare da gajeren matakai.
- Tun da tsire-tsire suna fitowa a cikin yanayi mai dumi, kada a kiyaye su a saman, inda iska zafin jiki ya fi girma. A lokacin ci gaba da asalinsu, yana da kyau a rage ƙwayoyi ko kofuna waɗanda suke a ƙasa.
- Bayan fitowar kofuna na 2-3 na seedling, yana kwance, kwantena suna cike da matakan da ke gina jiki, asalin shuka suna dan kadan kuma an binne su ta hanyar 1.5-2 cm. A karo na uku, tumatir ya nutse bayan makonni 3, cika su da ƙasa zuwa ganyayyun gashi na farko.
Maimaitaccen picking yana taimakawa wajen ci gaba da tushen tsarin kuma yana hana tartsatsi.
Don gudanar da ruwa na yau da kullum, amma don kauce wa samuwar ɓawon burodi akan ƙasa. Tumatir fi so yawanci, amma ba m watering tare da cikakken ko kusan cikakken bushewa na kasar gona a maimakon kullum m watering. Ya kamata a rabu da ruwa da dumi, ba kasa da digiri 30 ba. Watering na seedlings ne da za'ayi 1 lokaci a cikin kwanaki 3-4 (a lõkacin da ganye fara fada a seedlings).Mene ne idan saplings ya zama na bakin ciki da tsawo?
Karin haske
Tare da rashin wutar lantarki, ana gudanar da samfurori a kan baranda. a gefen kudancin (hagu kudu maso gabas, kudu maso yammacin yamma) ko sanya fitilu. Fitilar fitilu an sanya su a distance of 5-6 cm daga saman leaflets na seedlings.
Canjin yanayin canji
Rage yawan zafin jiki zuwa digiri 15-16 ya dakatar da girma daga seedlings kuma yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci don taimakawa seedlings, saboda yana buƙatar zafi kawai a karon farko. Yayinda ake ɗauka, suna ci gaba da yanayin zafi, bayan haka sun sake rage shi zuwa digiri 15.
Deepening
Bugu da kari, ana tsire tsire-tsire a cikin kwantena masu rarraba, suna ragargaza mai tushe a cikin kasa zuwa zurfin 3-4 cm, ko ta zurfafa seedling a wuri mai dafaɗɗa (farfajiyar ya kamata ya kasance a tsaye). Idan ana shimfiɗa seedlings a cikin kwantena guda, to sai ƙasa ta cika ta cikin irin wannan hanyar da ƙasa ba ta kai ga ganye cotyledon 2-3 cm ba.
Yanayin Watering
Ruwa da seedlings a kai a kai: na farko sau ɗaya a mako, to, sau ɗaya kowace rana 3. Yi amfani da ruwa mai dumi. Watering tare da ruwan sanyi yana haifar da rotting daga tushen. Idan ƙasa ta rigar, kuma ganyayyaki na tsire-tsire ba suyi shayarwa ba - dole ne a matsa shi zuwa wani wuri mai kariya daga hasken rana kai tsaye har sai ƙasa ta bushe. Bayan haka, ana yin watering a kullum.
Top dressing
Don miƙa tumatir tsire-tsire ba sa amfani da takin mai magani na nitrogen, wanda ke taimakawa wajen kara shimfidawa na mai tushe. Ma'adinai da phosphate takin mai magani, ash (20 grams da lita 200 na ruwa) an fi so. Idan, tare da tartsatsi, seedlings zasu zama kodadde, to, ana ƙara urea zuwa taki a cikin nauyin kilo 20 da lita 10 kuma an cire seedlings don mako daya a wuri mai sanyi (digiri 10 digiri Celsius).
Tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire za su yi jinkirin, kuma launi zai yi haske. Kafin disembarking, seedlings ya kamata a fesa tare da bayani na magani da aidin. (5 saukad da na aidin, 200 ml na magani, 1 lita na ruwa).
Tsarin Mulki Mai Kulawa
Ana amfani da masu amfani da tsire-tsire iri iri sau biyu ("Heteroauxin", "Zircon", "Biosil", "Emistim", "Reggae") a lokacin bayyanar na biyu na ganye na gaskiya da makonni 2 bayan haka, ƙara taki zuwa tushe kuma ba ta fadi a kan jikin.
Kau da cotyledon ganye
Cotyledon ganye ne na farko ganye na seedlings da cewa suna da elongated m siffar. Nasu furewa ya hana ingancin shuka da ƙarfafa mai tushe. Zai fi kyau cire cire ganye tare da almakashi domin kada ya lalata mahimman mai tushe. Zaka iya share su gaba ɗaya: takardar na biyu a mako bayan da farko. Wannan hanya ya dace ne kawai don farkon shuka.
Pinching
Pinching ne yankan fi na tumatir seedlings tare da tsire-tsire 5-6 na ganye a kan kara. Yanke tip za a iya sanya shi a cikin ruwa don kwanaki 7-10 don bayyanar tushen, sannan a dasa shi a ƙasa. Yanke seedlings da sauri bayar da sabon harbe a yanke maki.
Lokacin da girman harbe ya wuce 5 cm, 2 an bar matakai na sama a kan tushe, cire dukkan sauran. Ana yin matakai iri-iri na mako uku kafin makonni 3 kafin dasa shuki da tsire-tsire zuwa wuri na dindindin.
Rashin bin dokoki na kulawa take kaiwa zuwa ga matsanancin thinning da lengthening na tumatir seedlings. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don hana wannan tsari, da aka ba da halaye na shuka da kanta da kuma tsarin agrotechnique. Idan cirewa ya faru, masu lambu suna da kowane damar su ceci seedlings ta amfani da hanyoyi masu sauki da mai araha.
