Lupine a matsayin siderat - lokacin shuka da lokacin da za'a binne

Yawancin lambu, bayan sun gwada hanyoyi da hanyoyi masu yawa, har yanzu sun koma tsohuwar hanyar da aka tabbatar da dawo da kayyakin abinci na ƙasa - tare da taimakon tsirrai. Mafi shahararren siderat a kowane lokaci an dauki lupine, yanzu shahararsa ya fara ƙaruwa kuma. Bugu da ƙari, ba wai kawai yana kawo fa'idodi na amfanin gonar ba, har ma yana da bayyanar kyakkyawa yayin fure.

Amfani da lupine don gonar

Mafi sau da yawa, lambu suna amfani da lupine na shekara-shekara azaman siderat. Mafi mashahuri sune fari, rawaya da kunkuntar. Bukatar wadannan nau'ikan an bayyana su ne ta hanyar cewa suna da tushen karsashi wanda ya ratsa zurfin mita 2 zuwa cikin zurfin farfajiyar kasar, tare kuma da cewa suna sanye da wasu kwayoyin cuta na nodule wanda zai shanye iska daga iska kuma ya daidaita kasar tare da su.

Bayyanar Lupins

Lokacin amfani da takin, ana samarwa ma'adinai da abubuwa na ƙasa kuma tara a cikin ƙasa daga lupine. Kamawar ƙasa yana faruwa kuma an lalata microflora anaerobic.

A cikin rawaya mai launin shuɗi da rawaya, akwai alkaloids da yawa waɗanda ke warware kwari da lalata halayen cututtukan fungi da ƙwayoyin cuta, rage acidity na ƙasa, juya shi zuwa tsaka tsaki ko kuma ɗan ƙaramin alkaline.

Abin da kasa ke buƙatar dasa lupine

Idan kusan an wanke dukkanin abubuwan gina jiki daga cikin ƙasa (galibi wannan shine misalin ƙasa mai yashi), ko kuma yawan amfanin gonar Nomanhade ya ragu sosai sakamakon lalacewar ƙasa, to a wannan yanayin ya cancanci dasa lupine. Dankin yana da kyau don matalauta da rashi ƙasa, ƙasa mara tsabta da ƙura mai yashi.

Kamar yadda al'adar ke nunawa, lupine na iya wadatar da abinci mai gina jiki, sinadarin nitrogen da kuma haɓaka haihuwa a cikin sauran ƙasan, ta yadda zaka iya shuka shuka a dandalin. A wannan yanayin, yakamata a zaɓa lokacin kowane yanayi da kaina, gwargwadon lalata ƙasa.

Abin da amfanin gona ya cancanci dasa lupine na shekara

Wararrun masu noman kayan lambu suna ba da shawarar dasa shuki na lupine kore kafin solanaceous, amfanin gona hatsi da strawberries na daji. Hakanan, shuka mai kyau ne mai kyau don strawberries, raspberries, gooseberries, plums, cherries, dankali, cucumbers, tumatir da barkono. Sakamakon wannan, yawan amfanin ƙasa yana ƙaruwa sau da yawa idan aka kwatanta da alamu na yau da kullun.

Rage acid acid na ƙasa tare da lupine

Wadanne irin nau'in lupine ne wanda ya dace da aikin takin zamani

Wasu mazauna bazara suna wary na lupine, kamar siderata. Suna tsoron cewa bayan dasa shuki inji zai zama matsala matsala. Wannan ra'ayi ya kasance ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ga mutane da yawa suna da alaƙa da keɓaɓɓe ko lupine na daji, wanda aka samo a cikin filayen marasa iyaka. A wannan yanayin, hakika, yana yaduwa ta hanyar shuka-kai, kuma rhizome yana ɗaukar duk sabon yankuna.

Koyaya, ba lallai ba ne don dasa perennial kamar siderat. Musamman don waɗannan dalilai, akwai nau'ikan shekara-shekara wanda, duk da gaskiyar cewa suna yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba, ba sa haifar da matsaloli tare da yankan lokaci ba. Waɗannan sun haɗa da lupine kunkuntar, mai rawaya, fari da fari-hatsi.

Lupine mai ganye mai-ganye (shuɗi)

Daya daga cikin mafi unpretentious iri. Shuka ba ya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman kuma yana haƙuri da ƙananan yanayin zafi har ma da daskarewa. Duk da sunaye, wannan lupine na iya zama mai launin shuɗi ba kawai ba, har ma da lilac, har ma da ruwan hoda da fari. Itace ya kai tsayin mita daya da rabi.

Iri-kunkuntar mai tsalle ko shuɗi

Mafi yawan nau'ikan lupine kunkuntar sune:

• Crystal
• Canji.
• Nemchinovsky mai ruwan shuɗi.
• Siderat 38.

Suna kuma girma a matsayin amfanin gona na kiwo, amma sun sami babban buƙatu na gefe. Daga cikin dukkanin waɗannan nau'in, abin da aka fi sani shine Siderat 38, wanda aka sani da taki mai rai, saboda abubuwa na musamman a cikin asalin sa.

Blue lupine a matsayin mai gefe yana yawanci ana amfani dashi, ba kawai saboda abubuwan mallakarsa ba, har ma da saurin girma, juriya ga sanyi, zurfin shigar azzakari cikin farji, kwance da jikewa na yadudduka ƙasa na sama tare da nitrogen.

Lupin rawaya (Lupinus luteus)

Shuka da wannan nau'in ya yi karanci, ke tsiro ba tare da nisan mita ba tare da inflorescence mai kama da spikelet na haske mai launi ko launin rawaya. Idan aka kwatanta shi da ruwan lupine mai launin shuɗi, yana da zafi, amma a lokaci guda har yanzu yana da ikon jure sanyi zuwa -6 ° C. Don tsire-tsire don tsiro, ya wajaba cewa yawan zafin jiki na iska ya zama aƙalla a 12 ° C. A lokacin namo, lupins suna buƙatar a shayar da su ta tsari. Yana girma mafi kyau akan sandstones da kuma sandy loams.

Ana ɗauka nau'ikan masu zuwa sun fi yawa:

• Haske.
• Gorodnensky.
• Tsoro
• Siderat 892.
• Motsa jiki 369.

Lupinus luteus

Lupin fari (Lupinus albus)

Shekarar kowace shekara ya girma zuwa mita ɗaya kuma ana ɗaukar cewa shine tsire-tsire na musamman. Farin lupine fure ne mai kyawu mai kyau, godiya ga furanninsa na bude da furanni masu launin dusar ƙanƙara, a tsaye a kan kara. Bugu da kari, ana amfani da shuka a matsayin kyakkyawan abincin dabbobi. Albarkacin furotin mai sauƙi mai narkewa, farin lupine ya fi amfanin gona.

Kawai ceton lupins ana la'akari da ƙarancin ƙasa. Rodarfin tushen sa mai ƙarfi yana ratsa zurfin ƙasa, yana fitar da microelements da abubuwan gina jiki daga can, yana ƙosar da ƙasa tare da su.

Farin lupine siderat, kamar sauran nau'in halitta, yana da shahararrun iri. Wadannan sun hada da:

• Gamma
• Desniansky.
• Degas.

Rashin ingancin samar da farin lupine shine cewa abu ne da ya yi banbanci ga kasar, yana bukatar taki da kayan miya, amma yana iya tsayawa fari.

Lupinus albus

Lupine farin-hatsi na shekara-shekara

An unpretentious, tsayi-tsayi shuka tare da m furanni da manyan m kore ganye iya saturate matalauta yashi, yumbu da loamy kasa tare da zama dole abubuwa da abubuwa. A tsayi, wannan nau'in ya girma zuwa cm 50. Inflorescences sune launin fari-fari da launi tare da tukwanin rawaya.

Yadda ake girma lupine a matsayin gefe

Ya danganta da abubuwan alkaloids a cikin shuka, alkaloid lupins da wadanda ba alkaloid suna asirce. Bambancinsu ya ta'allaka ne da cewa tsoffin suna da haushi, kuma na ƙarshen suna da daɗi, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake yawan amfani da daci da daddaɗaɗɗe ana amfani da su azaman takin zamani, kuma ana shuka iri na musamman don abincin dabbobi.

Alkaloid lupins an bada shawarar gaba daya don dasa shi a cikin kaka ko bazara. Amma bai kamata ku yi wannan ba a farkon bazara. An yi bayanin wannan da gaskiyar cewa shuka za ta bunkasa sannu a hankali kuma ciyawar za ta murƙushe shi. Ya kamata ka bar dasa latti latti, kamar yadda wannan shuka kuma ba zai yi haƙuri sanyi yanayi. Lokacin sauka, duk waɗannan abubuwan aikin dole ne a la'akari dasu.

Yaushe zaka shuka

Lupine ya kamata a shuka ta yadda kafin shuka ya shuka, yana da lokaci ya yi fure da wake su fara kasancewa kan sa, tunda yana wannan lokacin, bisa ga kwatancin, cewa siderat ɗin ya tara adadin adadin kayan masarufi masu amfani.

Yawancin mazaunan bazara suna ƙoƙarin dasa gonar su tare da lupins a kusa da rabin na biyu na Mayu, kamar yadda a watan Yuni zai yi latti don yin wannan. Bayan girma da kowane albarkatu, zaku iya shuka iri na lupine har zuwa tsakiyar watan Agusta. A cikin bazara, zaku iya shuka kowane iri, amma a watan Agusta lokaci ya yi da za ku karɓi waɗanda zasu iya jure sanyi.

Shuka seedlings

Yaushe don tono

Yawancin lambu novice da ke girma lupine kamar yadda siderat ba su san lokacin shuka da lokacin da za su shuka shuka ba, saboda haka suna fuskantar wasu matsaloli. Kamar yadda al'adar ta nuna, mafi kyawun lokacin dasa shine ana daukar shi a tsakiyar Mayu da farkon watan Agusta.

Amma game da shuka, yana da muhimmanci a yi shi kan lokaci, kafin a fara fure. In ba haka ba, shuka zai ba da tsaba, wanda daga baya zai zama da wahala a samar, tunda sun bazu ko'ina cikin wannan makircin ta hanyar shuka kai. Don kauce wa wannan yanayin, wajibi ne don gudanar da tsabtace tsabtace na shuka, watau, yankan shi. Mafi yawan lokacin da aka fi dacewa ana la'akari da farkon fure, a cikin lokaci na bayyanar buds.

A karkashin yanayi mai kyau da yanayin danshi na ƙasa, Lupinus yayi girma kafin buduwa ta kusan kwanaki 50, mafi yawan lokuta kimanin kwanaki 60 ne suka wuce matsakaici kafin wannan batun.

Ka'idojin kulawa na asali

Tashi ba wuya. Abu mafi mahimmanci shi ne cewa ƙasa ta dace, sannan kuma shuka zai iya sauƙaƙe mallakin wurare daban-daban. Ya kamata ku kula da gaskiyar cewa asalin ciyawa ya bayyana a gaban tsire-tsire, don haka ya kamata a tsari da kuma cire su a kan kari.

Fitsarin lupins

Watering da zafi

Idan bazara ba ta bushe ba kuma ruwan sama yana wuce mako-mako, to babu buƙatar ƙara ruwa a cikin lupine. In ba haka ba, idan yana da zafi kuma ƙasa ta bushe ta bushe, to, ana buƙatar shayar da tsire-tsire da yawa. Ana iya shayar da shuka duka ta hanyar ruwan sama kuma a ƙarƙashin tushe. Don hana bayyanar ɓoyayyen ƙasa, ana bada shawara don kula da ciyawa bayan kowace ruwa.

Taki da hadi

Sau da yawa yan lambu kan tambayi kansu yadda ake ciyar da lupins girma kamar ciyawar kore. Amsar wannan tambaya abune mai sauqi. Tunda tushen shuka ya cika da nitrogen, ba ya buƙatar ƙarin hadi. Abinda kawai za a iya yi shi ne amfani da takin potash da phosphorus a lokacin bazara.

Babban matsalolin yayin girma lupine as siderata

Zai zama kamar babu wani abu mai sauƙi fiye da girma da sako a kan makircin, wanda yake jin ƙaranci a cikin daji da yaduwa ta hanyar shuka kai. Amma lokacin girma lupine a cikin lambun ku. Ko ta yaya, wasu matsaloli na iya tasowa. Wannan na iya faruwa sakamakon wasu dalilai.

Kafin dasa shuki fure, kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa ƙasa ba alkaline ba ne, tunda akwai yuwuwar bazai girma akan irin wannan ƙasa ba. Da farko, za a binne shuka a cikin ciyawa kuma a hankali ya bunkasa, saboda haka dole ne a cire su. Amma bai kamata ku damu da wannan ba, da zaran zai yi girma, kuma babu ciyawar da za ta iya kawo cikas ga ci gabanta.

Cututtuka da rigakafin su

Kamar kowane tsire-tsire, lupine yana da saukin kamuwa da wasu cututtuka. Mafi na kowa su ne:

• Rot - wata cuta na iya rage yawan shuka da ingancin shuka daga 17 zuwa 50%. Tushen Rotten da cotyledons suna ba da shaida ga ci gaban cutar. Fusarium fungi na iya tsokani cutar. Aikace-aikacen farkon takin-mai-magani na takin-mai-magani tare da sanya iri zai iya hana matsala.

Anthracnose a kan wani maganin lupine

• Anthracnose - yana haifar da lalata tsire-tsire har zuwa kashi 70. Ana nuna ci gaban da cutar ta hanyar bayyanar launin ruwan kasa ko lemuka mai haske akan cotyledons, wanda daga baya ya fara yaduwa tare da babban tushe.
• Sentoriosis - aibi mai launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka mai launin toka ya fara bayyana akan ganyen lupine.

Hakanan, ana iya fuskantar tsire-tsire ga cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, kamar ƙwayoyin ƙwayar cuta da mosaic.

Yawancin kwari

Lupine ana ɗaukar tsire-tsire mai wuya, amma duk da wannan, a lokacin haɓakar ta, wasu matsaloli masu alaƙa da kwari da cututtuka na iya bayyana. Mafi mashahuri karin kwari ne aphids da larvae na yar ƙwaya mai sa kwari tashi. Aphids galibi yakan bayyana a lokacin da aka ɗaure buds akan shuka. Larvae na kwaro yana fitowa daga baya a rayuwa lokacin da kwayayen farko suka bayyana. Kuna iya kawar da matsalolin ta hanyar kulawa da maganin kwari.

Aphids akan Lupine

Sauran matsaloli da kuma maganin su

Yawancin lokaci yan lambu suna fuskantar matsala kamar jinkirin shuka. Haɗin ƙasa mara kyau yana iya tsokani shi. Don ware irin wannan yiwuwar, yana da mahimmanci a duba ƙasa don acidity kafin dasa shuki. Idan an gano amsawar alkaline a cikin ƙasa, furen ba zai yi girma ba.

'Yan lambu sau da yawa sun fi son amfani da lupins azaman siderata don haɓaka haɓakar ƙasa. An dauki shuka da amfani kuma yana taimakawa haɓaka halayen halittar ƙasa da yawan aiki. A wannan yanayin, mafi mahimmanci shine a zabi nau'ikan tsire-tsire da suka dace kuma ku girma shi ta amfani da fasaha. In ba haka ba, lupine son kai zai cika dukkan yankin kuma ba zai kawo sakamakon da ake tsammani ba.