Kayan daji mai laushiya wanda furanni yake kama da garken shanu masu kyau a cikin kyakkyawa shine cyclamen. Wani suna don cyclamen ne mai tsalle mai tsayi. Ya zo ne daga Bahar Rum, kuma yana da yawa a gabashin Afirka, Spain.
Cyclamen yana da furanni na asali da kuma launi mai zurfi. Akwai farin, purple cyclamen, dukan range of ruwan hoda tabarau, ja da burgundy. Kuma abin da ke da kyau sosai, flowering yana kai har zuwa watanni 3.5.
Rikicin mai tsalle mai tsayi daga rabi na biyu na Oktoba har zuwa karshen Maris. Cyclamen - tsire-tsire bata da sauri, amma wasu suna da kishiya. A gaskiya, idan kun bi wasu shawarwari, matsaloli da fure ba zasu tashi ba.
Yadda za'a zabi cyclamen mai kyau a cikin shagon
Dubi a cikin ɗakin shagon a watsar da kyawawan furanni, yana da wuya a tsayayya da sayan. Bisa ga ka'idodin, zabin ɗakin furanni ya danganta ba kawai akan launi na ƙananan ƙwayoyin ba, yana da daraja a kula da wasu sigogi na shuka. Hanyar za ta zaɓi dubawa game da asalin tushen, wanda ke bayyane a cikin rami mai tsabta na tukunya. Yana da muhimmanci cewa asalinsu suna cikin yanayin kirki kuma babu wata juyi akan su.
Filatin ba zai da launin rawaya ba kuma yana da kyau idan akwai mai yawa unblown buds akan shi. Mafi girma tuber ya fi kyau. Ganye na shuka dole ne ya kasance mai ƙarfi, babu wani nau'in furen furen da ya rage a cikin tukunya.
Cyclamen kula a lokacin flowering
Kula da cyclamen a gida yana nuna kulawa wajen zabar wuri na fure-fure, sarrafawa mai zafi, watering mai kyau, ciyar da lokaci da kuma lura da ruwan zafi mai dacewa ga shuka.
Zaɓi wuri da haske
Cyclamen yana son haske. Ya kamata a sanya shi a kan windows windows, wanda ba su fada cikin hasken rana kai tsaye, amma tare da yawa hasken rana. Yawanci wuri mafi kyau ga cyclamen shine taga a arewacin gidan.
Temperatuur da zafi
Cyclamen a lokacin flowering yana da sanyi. Zai kasance zafin jiki mai zafi + 12-15 ° C. Zai zama mummunan idan zafin jiki ya saukad da kasa da digiri 10 ko ya haura sama da digiri 20.
Don mafi girma girma da kuma zaman lafiya na flower, iska a kusa da shi dole ne a humidified. Wannan zai taimaka mawuyacin yanayi. Amma wajibi ne don tabbatar da cewa tafarkin da aka fesa ba ya fada kai tsaye akan shuka kanta.
Watering da ciyar da ƙasa
Zuwa ga shuka yana da dadi a lokacin flowering, ya kamata a shayar a kai a kai. Lokacin da ruwan sha ba ya kamata ya fada akan ɓangaren tsire-tsire na corm, a kan ganye da furanni na shuka. Hanyoyi masu kyau na watering - kusa da gefen tukunya, ko zuba ruwa a cikin kwanon rufi. A kowane lokaci yayin rayuwar shuka, yana da mahimmanci kada ku yi la'akari da ƙasa.
Ciyar da cyclamen a lokacin flowering shine kowane mako biyu. Saboda wannan, ana amfani da takin mai magani ma'adinai. Don takin gargajiya, zaka iya shirya phosphate-potassium taki: dauka 1 g na superphosphate da 0.5 g na potassium sulfate na 1 l na ruwa.
Cyclamen kula lokacin hutawa
Yawancin tsire-tsire suna girma da girma a lokacin rani, ba furanni da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Amma game da cyclamen, wannan tsire-tsire yana farfado a lokacin sanyi. Kula da cyclamen a lokacin rani yana da mahimmanci kamar barin lokacin flowering. Daidaita kulawa a yayin lokacin hutu zai ƙayyade yadda fure za ta yi fure a lokacin aiki.
Yana da muhimmanci! An yi imanin cewa idan a lokacin kalandar lokacin da aka shuka shuka zai ci gaba da furewa, to lallai dole ne a yi ritaya - wanda shine, kwance buds da ganye. Amma irin wannan kwarewa ba zai kai ga wani abu mai kyau ba, irin wa] annan alamun suna rashin lafiya kuma suna mutuwa.
Ana shirya don sauran lokacin, cyclamen zai iya ci gaba da samar da sababbin ganye, yayin da tsofaffi suka juya launin rawaya kuma suka mutu. Dole ne a cire matattun matattu. Bugu da kari, tuber yana adana kayan abinci da za a cinye a lokacin flowering.
Yana da muhimmanci mu bi dokoki na yadda ake amfani da cyclamen ruwa a gida a lokacin hutawa. Yana da kuskure cewa cyclamen baya bukatar a shayar a wannan lokacin. Idan an yarda da shayar da ƙasa, sannan kuma kuyi amfani da albarkatun nan sosai, toka na iya bayyana akan tuber. Wadannan hanyoyi ba hatsari bane, amma idan basu sami ruwa. Idan sun fada barci da aka yanka, za a rufe su a cikin 'yan kwanakin nan tare da ƙwayar kullun.
A lokacin sauran lokutan, ana buƙatar matsakaicin watering don hana juyawar tuber. Magunguna don cyclamen a wannan lokacin basuyi amfani ba. Don hana rot, zaka iya ƙara 'yan saukad da na phytosporin zuwa ruwa yayin watering.
Game da hasken haske a lokacin rani, ya kamata a kiyaye shuka daga hasken rana mai haske. Coolness ba wajibi ne ba, amma idan zai yiwu a sanya flower a cikin inuwa mai sanyi, to, zai zama dadi a can.
Lokaci na dormant na tsawon watanni 2-3, bayan da sabon ganye da buds fara bayyana.
Daidaitan Cyclamen Transplant
Lokacin sayen, kana buƙatar ka shirya don buƙatar haɗin cyclamen. Yawancin tsibirin Holland ne ake ba su a cikin wani nau'i na peat, wanda aka tsara don ɗaukar furanni, amma bai dace da girma na zamani ba.
Repotting za'a iya yi sau daya a shekara, kafin furannin furanni. An fi dacewa lokaci mafi dacewa a ƙarshen Agusta da Satumba, lokacin da rage yawan zafin jiki na iska yana da sakamako mai tasiri a kan ci gaba.
Don canzawa za ku buƙaci sayen ƙasa mai sayarwa. Ana iya shirya ta daga wadannan abubuwa: peat, humus, yashi da ƙasa. Yankakken ƙasa a cikin cakuda ya kamata ya fi sauran sinadaran. Dole ne a cire shuka daga cikin tukunya kuma a tsabtace tsararrakin da ke cikin su. Idan tsarin ya nuna cututtuka, dole ne a cire su.
Kafin dasawa, kana buƙatar sanin abin da ake buƙata waƙa don cyclamen. Girman tukunya ya dogara da shekarun fure. Don cyclamen 1-1.5 years old, a tukunya da diamita na har zuwa 8 cm da aka zaba.Da shekara uku cyclamen, tukunya da diamita na har zuwa 15 cm dace.
A kasan tukunya ya zama ramukan ramuka, idan ba su da asali, zaka iya yin su da kanka. Bayan haka, an kafa kasa ta tsawaita - yumɓuɗa yumbu ko pebbles. Tare da taimakon magunguna, zaka iya kauce wa tsire-tsire.
Kafin dasa shuki cyclamen a cikin sabuwar ƙasa, ana bada shawara don ƙone shi a cikin tanda na sa'a daya. Ko kuma zaka iya yin shi a cikin kwanon rufi ko aiwatar da ƙasa tare da potassium permanganate. Ana buƙatar irin waɗannan matakan don kare tsire daga yiwuwar kamuwa da cutar ta jiki.
Yayin da ake dasawa kanta, a cikin tukunya ba a buƙatar yin tamped ba. Daga shuka kana buƙatar cire kananan ganye, wanda ke taimakawa wajen karfafa lafiyar shuka.
Yana da muhimmanci! Cire tsohon ganye ta hanyar karkatarwa, kuma ba kawai tsage su ba.
Dole ne a sanya furen a hankali a tsakiyar wani sabon tukunya, rike shi a wuri don kada ya lalata tushen tsarin. Tushen dole ne a mike kuma a rufe shi cikin ƙasa. Ba a buƙatar tuber kanta ta rufe ƙasa ba, ya kamata ya dubi kadan a farfajiya.
Bayan dasawa, an shayar da ƙasa kuma a yarda ya sha. Sa'an nan kuma ana maimaita watering, kuma an kara ƙasa a tukunya. Amma ko da bayan wannan mataki, tuber dole ne ya kasance a cikin ƙasa a ƙasa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Bayan an dasa shi, ba za a hadu da cyclamen ba zuwa makonni biyu zuwa uku.
Hanyoyi guda biyu don haifar da cyclamen
Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu da za a iya haifar da cyclamen:
- tsaba;
- raga na tuber.
Kafin shuka, an zuba tsaba tare da bayani 5% sugar. Sai kawai tsaba da suka nutse zuwa kasa suna ɗaukar su, kuma waɗanda suka zo ba su dace ba. Wata rana tsaba suna soaked a cikin wani bayani na zircon.
Ana shuka tsaba a cikin cakuda ƙasa da peat - an shimfiɗa su a kan ƙasa kuma an yayyafa shi da sauƙi a saman wani kasa mai zurfi na ƙasa. Yawan zazzabi don germination ya kamata mafi kyau shine 20 ° C. Sama da wurin dasa wuri an rufe shi da wani fim na gaskiya, wanda wani lokaci ana cire shi don ban ruwa da iska. Seedlings ya kamata hau a 30-40 days.
Bayan harba, an cire shading, an sanya kananan tsire-tsire a cikin yanayi ba tare da hasken rana kai tsaye ba kuma a zafin jiki na 15-17 ° C. Bayan bayyanar launuka biyu ko uku da kuma samuwar karamin tuber, tsire-tsire suna rudani. Wannan ya faru a kusa da Disamba. Bayan daukan tsire a cikin mako daya, zaka iya ciyar da ita tare da furen fure a cikin nau'in diluted.
A cikin tukwane, an dasa cyclamen daga tsaba a watan Afrilu - Mayu. Suka yi Bloom a cikin watanni 13-15 bayan shuka.
Bugu da ƙari, gandun daji, za a iya rarraba cyclamen ta rarraba tuber. Zai yiwu a samar da irin wannan samfuri kawai a cikin lokacin da sauran tsire-tsire. An cire albasa daga ƙasa, dan kadan ya bushe. Bayan haka, an sare shi cikin da yawa. Kowace ɓangaren ya kamata ya kasance tushen asali da buds. Dukkan ɓangare na tushen an sarrafa su tare da murmushi kuma an sake bushe su. Kusan a rana ta uku, za'a iya shuka sassa na tuber a ƙasa, kowanne a cikin tukunya.
Sake haifuwa ta rarraba tuber baya ci nasara a kowane lokaci, akwai hadari na rasa shuka ba tare da izini ba.
Magungunan magani na cyclamen
Cyclamen ya ƙunshi abubuwa tare da kyawawan kaddarorin. Daga cikinsu akwai cyclamine, saponin, abubuwa masu haɗari.
Shin kuna sani? Cyclamine yana da ƙananan guba. Amma a cikin yanayi mai laushi, yana shan ruwa kuma yana juya zuwa cyclamyrethine, wanda yana da sakamako mai warkarwa.
Cyclamen ruwan 'ya'yan itace yana da wadannan sakamakon:
- lalata ƙwayoyin cuta;
- kawar da matakan kumburi;
- aikin maganin antiseptic;
- inhibits pathogenic flora haifar da cututtuka na gastrointestinal fili;
- Ƙarfafa ciwo a rheumatism, gout, cututtuka na haɗin gwiwa da kasusuwa.
Fresh ruwan 'ya'yan itace na cyclamen bayyana maxillary sinuses. An shirya shi daga sababbi, wanda aka sassaukar da shi zuwa wata ƙasa ta mushy. Ana sanya nau'i 10 na ruwa zuwa ɓangaren litattafan almara daga cyclamen kuma sun tsira ta hanyar gauze. A sakamakon magani za'a iya shuka a cikin hanci, 1-2 saukad da. Ana amfani da wannan cakuda a cikin nau'i na douching don cututtuka na gynecological.Shin kuna sani? Cyclamen don girke-girke magani girbe a cikin fall. An hawan tuber kuma an aika don sake yin amfani. Idan ka yi sama da tuber a wani lokaci, ba zai mallaki irin wannan warkarwa ba.
An yi amfani da man fetur da kayan abinci tare da ruwan 'ya'yan cyclamen don magance sinusitis. Wannan cakuda yana haifar da sneezing kuma yana inganta saki tura.
Idan ɓangaren litattafan almara daga cyclamen zuba barasa ko vodka kuma ya nace makonni 2, kuna samun tincture na bara. Tincture riƙi 15-30 saukad da har sau 3 a rana. Kamar yadda shafawa yana taimakawa tare da ciwo mai rheumatic, ciwon haɗin gwiwa kuma ana amfani dashi don shafawa.
Hoton jiko an shirya ta zuba 1 tablespoon na cyclamen Tushen tare da kofuna biyu na ruwan zãfi. Wajibi ne a karɓa a cikin dakin daki daya a kan 1 tablespoon bayan abinci. An umurce shi ne don rashin barci, maɗaukaki na tsarin mai juyayi. Har ila yau, zafin fuska mai zafi a cututtuka na gastrointestinal fili da hanta.
Tare da magunguna masu amfani da cyclamen zai iya zama cutarwa ga lafiyar jiki. Contraindications sun hada da ciwon allergies zuwa shuka, ciki, haihuwa da kuma shekaru har zuwa shekaru 7. Cyclamen tushen magunguna ne kawai za a dauka kamar yadda wajabta da likita.
A cikin nau'in da ba a yi ba, cyclamen zai iya haifar da ƙonewa zuwa jikin mucous membranes. Cutar da yawa ta haifar da guba tare da zazzaɓi. A lokuta masu tsanani, aikin ƙwayar jijiyoyin jini yana damuwa, da harshen edema da kuma bronchospasm suna bayyana.
Cututtuka da kwari: siffofin magani da kulawa a wannan lokacin
Cyclamen yana iya fuskantar wasu cututtuka da ƙwayoyin cuta. A lokacin irin wannan wahala, shuka yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman.
Sanadin mutuwar cyclamen:
- yanayin zafi;
- ruwa;
- lalata ga tuber;
- rotting peduncles da ganye.
Cututtukan Cyclamen da magani:
Yellow ganye. Wannan cututtuka yana faruwa a lokacin da shuka ke rayuwa a yanayin zafi sama da digiri 18, kuma iska a dakin ya bushe. Don magancewa da kuma hana launin yellowing, iska tana kewaye da tsire-tsire ta hanyar shayar da ruwa, kuma an sanya shuka a wuri ba tare da na'urorin haɗi don daidaita yawan zafin jiki ba.- Gyarawa na launi na ganye. Wannan cututtuka halayyar tsire-tsire ne da suka sake wanke ƙasa. Haka kuma ya fi dacewa cewa tsire-tsire za ta ciyawa lokacin da ruwa ya shiga saman tuber. Don magance wannan cuta kana buƙatar samar da mai kyau malalewa. An saka tukunya a kan tire tare da pebbles kuma ana sarrafawa don haka labaran suna da m.
- Launin leaf. Wannan cuta ya bayyana saboda kasancewar wani kwaro - cyclamen mite. Yana da ƙananan girman, kama da talakawa. Mite yana samuwa a ƙasa na ganye. Tare da zuwan cyclamen mite, tsire-tsire na raguwa, da gefen ganye suna nannade. Maganin shine kawar da ganye da ya shafa da kuma yaduwar cutar cyclamen.
- Fusarium Cututtukan fungal da ke shafar kayan shuka da kuma tsarin jijiyoyin jini. Pathogens shiga ƙasa ta hanyar tushen tsarin. Ƙananan rami sun juya rawaya, sau da yawa a gefe daya. Ganye ba ya ba da fure a cikakkun isasshen kuma ba ya da kyau sosai. Don lura da asalin da ake amfani da su na asali 0.1% don ban ruwa na tushen da kuma rabawa tare da topsin-M 0.1%.
- Naman gwari. Idan shuka yana rayuwa a kan aphids, sai ya bar bayan jin dadi a kan ganyen cyclamen. Sa'an nan kuma naman gwari ya bayyana a kansu. Sanarwar ta ta'allaka ne cewa gaskiyar cewa takardar ba ta samo haske ba. Gidan yana raunana kuma yana jinkirin girma. Don magani, dole ne a cire plaque tare da zane mai laushi da ganye da aka saba da sabulu da kuma jan karfe.
Anthracnose. An bayyana yayin flowering. Anthracnose na cigaba da ci gaba da cike da damshi da zafi, yana shafar ganye da stalks. Flowers fure, furanni ba ya faruwa. Daga baya, kamuwa da cuta ya wuce zuwa ganyayyaki, sai su juya cikin tube, tsoffin ganye sun mutu. Don magance anthracnose, shi ne farkon wajibi don rage da zafi, cire lalace harbe da kuma bi da tukunya 2-3 sau a matsayin fungicide.- Wet rot. Wannan cuta ne na kwayan cuta. Cyclamen ya bushe, ganye ya fadi, tuber yana nuna ƙazantattun abubuwa. Tushen shuka rot. Kwayar ta samu ta wurin wuraren ganye ko raunuka a kan mai tushe, kuma kwayoyin cututtukan kwayoyin halitta zasu iya shawo kan shuka ta hanyar ruwa. Wannan cututtuka maras tabbata ce, kuma dole ne a lalata shuka idan ya lalace.
Yellow ganye. Wannan cututtuka yana faruwa a lokacin da shuka ke rayuwa a yanayin zafi sama da digiri 18, kuma iska a dakin ya bushe. Don magancewa da kuma hana launin yellowing, iska tana kewaye da tsire-tsire ta hanyar shayar da ruwa, kuma an sanya shuka a wuri ba tare da na'urorin haɗi don daidaita yawan zafin jiki ba.
Anthracnose. An bayyana yayin flowering. Anthracnose na cigaba da ci gaba da cike da damshi da zafi, yana shafar ganye da stalks. Flowers fure, furanni ba ya faruwa. Daga baya, kamuwa da cuta ya wuce zuwa ganyayyaki, sai su juya cikin tube, tsoffin ganye sun mutu. Don magance anthracnose, shi ne farkon wajibi don rage da zafi, cire lalace harbe da kuma bi da tukunya 2-3 sau a matsayin fungicide.
