Cikin cherry plum itace itace mara kyau, ko ma daji,
wanda ya sa mu dandana 'ya'yan itace mai banƙyama
yellow ko purple purple, kananan size.
Tana bada kyauta sosai, kuma ba shi da wuyar kula da ita.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku yadda yafi kyau
kula da plum, game da intricacies na saukowa
da kuma kare ƙwarjin bishiya bayan dasa.
Ana shirya don dasa shuki plum
Ana shirya ƙasa don dasa
Shuka shuka farawa tare da zabi na wuri da shirye-shiryen ƙasa. Kafin saukowa Garden yana buƙatar la'akari da wasu matakai: plum ba ya jure wa fari, saboda an dauke shi da bishiya mai dumi, amma a lokaci guda furanninsa ba su da tsayayya ga yanayin hunturu da sanyi.
Kwayar ƙumshi zai fi girma a yankin yamma maso yammacin gonar, a kan ganga, yammacin kudu da kudu maso gabashin ɓangaren gonar inabi zai dace. Dole ne a yi la'akarisabõda haka ana kiyaye ƙasa daga iska mai tsananin ƙarfi, sanyi, fari, ƙari da sauran yanayin yanayi mara kyau.
Kafin dasa shuki, ana amfani da takin gargajiya a cikin ƙasa, ciki har da mai noma ko humus, ana amfani da su da kuma gishiri mai potassium, sa'annan an ƙulla ma'anar. Ma'adinai na ma'adinai ba a amfani da su a cikin ƙananan dabbobi, saboda babu amfani daga wannan.
A kan kasa da ba su da kyau kamar ƙwayoyin ƙaran ƙaya, adadin taki da ya dace ya danganta ne akan nauyin haihuwa. Ƙasa tare da ƙara yawan lemun tsami. A cikin rami mai saukowa yin duk kayan gina jiki, sai dai taki.
Zabi na seedlings
Cherry plum itatuwa Dukkan shekara biyu da masu shekaru biyu suna shuka a ƙasa. Kafin sayen su kana buƙatar kulawa da tsarin tushen, dole ne ya kasance mai karfi da karfi, kuma yana da asali guda 5, tsawonsa daidai yake da 25-30 cm.
Ana dasa bishiyoyin bishiyoyi, suna shiga cikin 'ya'yan itace da wuri kuma sun warke da sauri bayan sanyi.
Saplings ne mafi alhẽri saya a cikin 'ya'yan itace nurseries, kuma ba daga dubious masu sayarwa a kasuwa.
Shirya shirye-shirye
Cherry plum tushen tsarin, kafin dasa shuki a lambun ka, kana buƙatar ka duba hankali. Dukkan marasa lafiya, lalacewa, dried da kuma tushen asali sun cire tare da shears. Sauran lafiya tushen kuma dan kadan trimmed, wato, pruned.
Pruning sapling Tushen ya kamata kula a kan launi, idan launin ruwan kasa ne, to kana buƙatar cire shi don haka yana da fari, wato, wurin da tushen lafiya ya fara.
Mataki na gaba, bayan da aka tsaftace tushen, suna buƙatar tsoma cikin mash. Wannan zai hana hadarin bushewa, zai mayar da ma'auni na lalacewa a lokacin yunkuri ko ajiyar ajiya na seedlings. Yi shi daga cakuda mullein da yumbu, amma zaka iya daga ƙasa kawai.
Tsarin tushen zai zama da amfani don magance matsalar Aktara, amma za'a iya amfani da shi a wata ƙasa mai kwari, wanda ke taimakawa wajen kariya daga tsire-tsire daga kwari, ciki har da cockchafer, waya.
Ramin ƙasa
Cherry plum itace zai fi kyau girma a kan ƙasa ƙasa da rauni acidity. Matakan ruwan ƙasa ya kamata a kalla mita 1.5 daga zurfin ƙasa.
An dasa rami mai zurfi kimanin 60 cm kuma har zuwa zurfin 80. Idan kasar gona ba ta da talauci, fadin rami ya karu zuwa 70 cm Tsarin ƙasa ya dogara ne da nau'in ƙasa. Idan sandy kasa - kasan rami ya shawarci ya fada barci tare da laka, wanda shine 15 cm lokacin farin ciki.
Don tafkin ruwa, a kan ƙasa mai laushi, an saukar da kasa na rami tare da rubutun, brick mai fashe ko yashi mai tsami. Ya kamata a kwantar da layin gyare-gyare a game da mita 15. Ana kwashe tudun a nesa da mita 3 daga juna.
An hadu da rami mai ginin. Humus, superphosphate, potassium chloride ko itace ash an gabatar da shi. A kan talauci marasa kyau, adadin taki ya karu da kashi 50%. Don rage yawan acidity, kashi ɗaya kilogram na lemun tsami an zuba cikin kowane rami.
An dasa shuki plum don haka wuyar wuyansa ta kasance 10 cm mafi girma fiye da matakin ƙasa. Tabbatar da kasa ƙasa kuma ya kafa rami don ban ruwa. Bayan dasa shuki aka yanke itacen.
Saukowa
Alamar wuri
Tsakanin dake tsakanin cherry plum seedlings kai tsaye ya dogara da sauyin yanayi inda bishiyoyi suke girma, a kan yanayin ƙasa, wato, takin gargajiya. A yankin kudanci a kan ƙasa mai laushi, ana shuka tsirrai a nesa da mita 4 daga juna, da kuma tsakanin layuka 5, a yankunan arewacin, mita 3 da 5, daidai da haka. Kusan, don haka yin magana, thicker, itatuwa ba za a dasa.
Da farko, wannan alama kamar haske ne, ajiye sararin samaniya, za ku iya shuka wasu bishiyoyi daban-daban, amma idan sun girma, akwai karamin sarari kuma suna ci gaba da talauci.
Dangane da irin ceri plum da kambi na itace, tariniato dasa a cikin wani tsari: shuke-shuke mai karfi 7 m tsakanin itatuwan da 4 m tsakanin layuka, tsakiyar - 5 m a nesa daga juna, tsakanin mita 3 da mita 3, da mita 4 da 1.5.
Yakin kwanakin
Cherry plum dasa a cikin fall da kuma bazara. Yana da muhimmanci a sami lokaci don dasa bishiyoyi a farkon lokacin bazara, kafin farkon Afrilu, yayin da tsire-tsire suna dormant, wato kafin budding, kuma a cikin kaka yana da muhimmanci don samun lokaci zuwa tsakiyar Satumba, akalla wata daya kafin farkon sanyi.
A lokacin da aka dasa shuki a cikin bazara, itacen zai ciwo da baya a baya, kuma tsire-tsire a cikin bazara zai iya tasiri ga tsarin tushen, shi ya fita, tun lokacin da itacen plum ba shi da lokaci ya dauki tushe.
Zurfin zurfin ƙasa
Karfin ƙarfe na sapling Alycha, bayan da ƙasa ta zauna, ya kamata ya kasance a matakin kasa. Idan ka shuka ba mai zurfi ba ne, asalinsu ba su da dadi, da kuma ci gaba da karuwa. Amma idan ka overdo shi kuma dasa shi sosai zurfi, to, hadarin sapling za a iya hana, musamman a kan wuya, sanyi kasa.
Ƙaramar zurfin gwaninta a kan yashi da kuma ƙasa mai laushi, anan akwai cewa mummunar tasirin shan taba na ƙasa, rashin ruwan sha yana shafar kyawawan ceri seedlings.
Tashi bayan saukarwa
Gwargwadon itacen bishiyoyi, bayan dasa shuki, yana buƙatar mai yawa watering, ko ruwan sama a waje ko a'a. Watering da itatuwa 2-3 sau, a cikin bazara da kuma lokacin rani. A ƙarƙashin itacen daya zuba 4 buckets na ruwa. Ana gudanar da wannan watering a Yuni, Yuli da Satumba. Ƙasa ƙarƙashin tsire-tsire suna sassauta da kuma sako.
Kulawa cikakke ya dace da aikace-aikace na takin mai magani wanda ya shafi yawan amfanin ƙasa da ci gaban itacen. Amma, a farkon shekara ta girma, ba a ciyar da shuka ba, adadin taki da aka yi amfani da ita a lokacin dasa shi ya isa sosai.
A karkashin gwangwani, sau uku a duk lokacin girma takin: tare da zuwan bazara a watan Maris, a ƙarshen watan Mayu - a farkon Yuni, a lokacin da ake girma ovaries, kuma na uku - a Yuli ko Agusta, lokacin da aka dasa buds don sabon amfanin gona. Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da gonaki don amfani da takin mai magani.
A cikin shekara ta biyu Girman furotin yana cike da taki tare da abun ciki na nitrogen. A cikin shekara ta huɗu, an ciyar da su tare da salin kwayoyin da phosphorus-potassium, an gabatar da su a cikin kaka a lokacin gonar.
Ga mafi abubuwan kulawa na asali don ceri plum za a iya dangana:
• Sarrafa kifi.
• Nasa ƙasa a kusa da rami.
• Shinge na gari. Peat, takin ko humus gauraye da alli ko dolomite gari ana amfani.
• Kirar kambi.
• Yaƙi da cututtuka da kwari.
Yawan ciyawa, ya kamata ka tuna cewa ba zai yiwu a yad da shi ba a lokacin rani, don haka zaka iya ƙone ganye, don farawa ya fi kyau a kokarin gwada wani reshe, to, duk sauran.
Kula
Kariya da cutar kariya
Cherry plum wahala daga irin wannan cututtuka, kamar launin toka (monoliosis), launin ruwan kasa, kumburi, tsatsa, ƙwayar cizon.
Gurbin Brown ya bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki a cikin nau'i-nau'i, ganye ya bushe a hankali kuma ya fadi. An bayyana jiyya ta jiki a cikin tsire-tsire masu ciwo. Ƙwayar launin toka yana rinjayar harbe wanda ya ƙare tsawon lokaci, 'ya'yan itace sun ɓata, kuma an fara girma a cikin wuri.
Tare da ƙananan matuka, wurare daban-daban suna bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki, launin ya zama kore maimakon kore - marmara, 'ya'yan itatuwa suna da siffar da ba su da kyau, da kuma kayan ƙanshi gaba da lokaci. Wata cuta kamar tsatsa ta bayyana a kan streaks na leaflet a cikin hanyar launin duhu, sa'an nan kuma suka fada, kuma itacen zai iya mutuwa ko da daga wani sanyi sanyi.
Cherry plum harba irin wannan kwari a matsayin saplings, yammacin Gypsy haushi ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, tsummoki mai laushi, asu.
Kodayake ana dauke da ƙwayar ceri a matsayin cututtuka ga cututtuka daban-daban, cututtuka na fungal suna da mummunar tasiri akan shi. Yana da powdery mildew, monilial kone. Don kare shuka, yana da muhimmanci don aiwatar da matakan tsabtace tsabta, watau, ƙone da kuma cire kamuwa da rassan da kuma harbe, kiyaye labarai mai tsabta, cire tsohon haushi da kamuwa da 'ya'yan itatuwa, rake auku ganye da rabu da mu weeds. Magunguna a jikin bishiya sun tsabtace kuma sun wanke tare da bayani na sulfate.
Tsarin bishiyar
A cikin shekara ta farko, bayan dasa, samar da kambi na ceri plum. Ya haɗa da wasu adadin rassan skeletal, da karfinsu, da rassan rassan na biyu da na uku da kuma bishiyoyin da ke bada 'ya'ya. A lokacin da ya kafa kambi na shuka, ya sare, ya rage kuma ya rabu da shi.
U ceri plum samar da nau'i hudu na kambi - ba tare da taye ba, raguwa da ƙuƙwalwa, rabi-ɗaki da lebur. Amma ana amfani da wasu nauyin kambi - shinge da palmetta. Yawancin itatuwan suna cike da su a matsayin kambin da ba a ƙulla ba da kuma kambi mai nau'i na kofin.
Cherry plum yanke da kuma a cikin bazara, da kuma lokacin bazara, da kuma a cikin fall. Amma, yana da kyau kuma mafi kyawun tsabtace bishiyoyi a cikin bazara, kafin budding fara, wani wuri a watan Maris ko Afrilu. Share rassan a wannan lokacin yana da wuya. Kuma daga yanke rassan ruwan 'ya'yan itace ba ya gudana, kuma suna warkar da sauri.
Summer pruning yi kawai kawai lokacin da ƙananan gyara ya zama dole, ko kuma a cikin sanitary purposes. Yanke bushe da rassan ba dole ba, da wadanda suke girma a cikin kambi.
Kwafa ta datse cherry plum kawai don manufar sanitary. Ba za ku iya damu da yawa ba cewa kawar da rassan raguwa, ko ta yaya ya shafi fruiting. Alamun lafiya da rassan rassan tabbas za a tsabtace su, kamar yadda zasu iya zama masu karɓan kwari da kwari suna iya zama a cikinsu wanda mummunan tasiri ya shafi itace. Yanke rassan da aka fadi, da wadanda basu da 'ya'ya.
A cikin hunturu, pruning ba zai yiwu ba. Saboda sanyi harbe ya zama tsutsa da sauri, kuma raunuka sun warkar da dogon lokaci.
Taki
Kowace shekara, a ƙarƙashin itacen plum, tare da farkon farkon kaka, ana amfani da takin mai magani, game da rabin guga na humus ko takin da 1 mita. Kuma a farkon spring, da zarar itatuwa ottsvetut, kuma a tsakiyar lokacin rani, da shuka yana bukatar urea, an kawo shi a cikin gangar jikin itace. A na gaba ciyar da potassium sulfate, game da 30 grams. a kan 1 m².
Watering
Young itatuwa, bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa da kuma pruning, shayar. 4 buckets na ruwa ana dauke su ne na al'ada don watering a kan itace daya. Ana gudanar da wannan watering a cikin bazara da farkon lokacin rani, kusan adadin waterings sau 3.
Winter
A cikin hunturu, sanyi yana da mummunar tasiri a kan tushen da haushi na itace. Haske mai haske a cikin hunturu na iya ƙone alyche, da hawan hunturu a cikin irin dusar ƙanƙara ko kankara akan rassan zasu iya karya su.
Tushen tushen ciyawa ya fita cikin marigayi kaka. Ana yin gyaran gyare-gyare a kan rabi na bayoneti na shebur, hay, sawdust, anyi amfani da peat - duk wannan an hade shi da ƙasa, an kuma kara itacen ash, wanda zai iya kare itacen daga naman gwari da mice.
Akwatin itace fara farawa kafin zuwan farkon sanyi, ba a bada shawara a baya, kamar yadda haushi zai narke kuma ya zama lalacewa. Na farko dusar ƙanƙara an jefa a kan ciyawa tare da felu, sa snowdrift mafi girma, wanda ya tabbatar da cututtuka na sanyi.
Ƙasa dakatar da aiki har zuwa farkon watan Satumba. Kyakkyawan hunturu a kan bishiya zasu iya taimakawa phosphate taki, an yi shi cikin watan Agusta. Kada ka manta game da fararen bishiyoyi, da cokali da kwarangwal. Ga hunturu, plum an rufe shi da spruce ganye, a nannade tare da kullun.
