Fans na m kayan yaji sukan yi kokarin shuka tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a kan windowsill ko cikin gonar don samun samfurin inganci da samfurori. Daya daga cikin shahararren al'adu shine marjoram, wanda yake da kyau ga yawancin jita-jita. Amma wannan wakilin dangin yasnotkovyh yana kama da yanayin yanayin zafi, ƙasa da kulawa, sabili da haka ba kowa yana kula da cimma burin da aka so ba lokacin da ya girma.
Domin samun nasara, ya zama dole don ƙarin koyo game da irin marjoram iri-iri da za su ba da fifiko da kuma agrotechnology na noma.
Janar bayani
Yankin marjoram shi ne yankin Kudancin Turai, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Bahar Rum, a cikin daji kuma yana da yawa a Asia Minor da Arewacin Afrika. A matsayin kayan yaji an shuka shi a:
- Kasashen kasashen Yammacin Turai;
- Indiya;
- Asiya ta tsakiya.
Marjoram ya girma a kananan ƙananan Caucasus, Ukraine, da Baltic States, Moldova da Crimea. Amintaccen ambaci wakilan iyalin yasnotkovyh sun rarraba cikin nau'in fure da na ganye. Na farko daga cikinsu ya fi girma a Turai ta tsakiya, kuma na biyu - a kasashen kudancin.
Yanayin lokaci da yanayin damuwa
Babban matsala na girma al'adar kayan yaji shine cewa yana da zafi sosai kuma baiyi haƙuri ba. Saboda wannan dalili, masu lambu suna zaune a tsakiyar layi, dole su tinker tare da seedlings.
Tsaba suna cigaba da zazzabi a kalla +15 digiri kuma an shuka su a cikin seedling greenhouses ba a baya fiye da Afrilu. Mafi yawan yanayi na fitowar harbe suna dauke da zafin jiki na + 20-25 digiri. Ƙarfafa seedlings ana canjawa wuri zuwa wuri na dindindin a cikin ƙasa a tsakiyar Yuni, lokacin da za'a bar ruwan sama a baya kuma yanayin zai zama dumi.
Har ila yau, ana binne tsaba a ƙasa kafin hunturu, bayan sun rufe su da wani takarda mai laushi, sausa, bambaro, ko rufe shi da fim da gilashi. Da farkon lokacin bazara da aka cire kayan an cire shi a hankali.
A yanayi mai sanyi, jinsin marjoram bazai iya girma ba, idan an shuka su a farkon kasa, don haka ya fi kyau shuka shi a matsayin tsirrai na cikin gida ko kuma yadda ake amfani da su.
Ya kamata a lura da cewa wasu nau'o'in marjoram sun bambanta ta hanyar tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire kuma suna karuwa da sauri don rage yawan zafin jiki, saboda haka yana halatta shuka su a baya - a karshen Maris. Alal misali, "Gourmet", girbe kwanaki 120 bayan germination, da "Tushinsky Semko" - bayan 130-140.
Zaɓi wuri a cikin ƙasa mai bude
Don samun kyakkyawan taro mai kyau, masana sun bayar da shawarar dasa marjoram a yammacin kogin kudu tare da ƙasa mai kyau. Ya kamata gado ya kasance a wani wuri mai sanyi, mai kyau da kuma sanyaya (ba tare da penumbra) ba. Duk da haka, ya kamata a tuna cewa al'ada yana jin tsoron samfurin da iska mai karfi.
Mafi dace da al'adun wannan al'ada shi ne kasa mai haske (yashi ko yarinya), wanda aka bayar da kwayoyin halitta da kayan abinci. A wuraren da aka ɓata, yana yiwuwa a gina manyan kwanduna don seedlings, cike da cakuda ƙasa wanda ya kunshi humus, saman peat (1/3 sashi), lambun ƙasa baƙar fata, sod da ƙasa.
Yana da muhimmanci: Tsutsiyoyin arewa da kuma inuwa suna haifar da raguwar yawan amfanin ƙasa da kuma deterioration a cikin ingancin shuka mai muhimmanci.
Shirya shiri
Yana da kyawawa don kula da ƙasa tun lokacin kaka. - don yin irin wannan kwayoyin da ma'adinai da takin mai magani kamar potassium sulphate, humus, superphosphate. A cikin bazara zaka iya ƙara urea ko ammonium nitrate. Nan da nan kafin dasa shuki, ƙasar ta wadata da abubuwa masu zuwa (ta 1 sq. M):
- potassium gishiri - 10-15 g;
- superphosphate - 35-40 g;
- urea - 15-20 g
Tsarin tsire-tsire na marjoram a cikin ƙasa mai laushi, amma digging ya zama mai zurfi - ba fiye da 10-15 cm ba ne a cikin ƙasa mai zurfi cewa tushen shuka yana da kyau rarraba kuma yana da sauri a lokacin dasawa.
Noma
Shuka tsaba
Sau da yawa girbi na gaba zai dogara da ingancin iri.Sabili da haka, lokacin da kake zuwa shagon kantin, kana buƙatar kulawa da kwanan lokacin tarin tsaba da marufi, saboda Rayuwar marjoram ba ta wuce shekara daya ba. Tsohon asali bazai hawa. Wannan samfurin yana mafi kyau saya kawai a cikin ɗakuna na musamman, daga manyan kamfanonin masana'antu, shayarwa ko masu sayarwa masu sayarwa. Tambayi don nuna takaddun shaida na ingancin don haka a maimakon ganyayen marjoram ba su girma.
Ya kamata ku lura da cewa idan kuna da kwarewa mai kyau a cikin noma marjoram, za ku iya tattara albarkatun da kansu, duk da haka, idan aka ba da gajeren ajiyar ajiyar su, kada ku yi tanadi don amfani da ku a nan gaba.
Yadda za a yi girma marjoram daga tsaba?
- Don dasa albarkatu a cikin ƙasa, dole ne ku jira har sai ƙasa ta warke sosai.
- Sa'an nan kuma akwai buƙatar ka bincika dukkanin tsaba, watsar da dried, ƙanana ko lalacewa. Don samun sabbin furanni da kuma wanke kayan daga kwayoyin halitta masu cutarwa, ana sanya tsaba a kan wani sutura da aka yalwata cikin kashi 1% na manganese kuma an rufe ta da fim. Daga nan sai an bar wannan duka a cikin wani wuri mai dumi, bayan haka an bushe shi kuma a shuka a cikin tsaunuka tare da zurfin 15-20 mm, wanda yake nesa da mita 150.
Board: don saukakawa, ana iya hade da tsaba da busassun ruwa (calcined) kogin yashi, sa'an nan kuma rarraba a ƙasa.
- Landings ba a binne, amma powdered tare da Layer na sifted ƙasa ta sieve. A ƙarshen wannan tsari, an shayar da ƙasa tare da na'urar atomizer tare da karamin ruwa.
Idan duk halayen da ake bukata sun hadu, seedlings zasu bayyana cikin makonni 2.
Muna bayar don kallon bidiyo game da girma marjoram daga tsaba:
Hanyar shuka
Yadda za a yi girma bushes?
Don samun karfi da ƙwayoyi don kara dashi a bude ƙasa, An shuka tsaba a cikin kwantena don 2/3 cike da ƙasa na gina jiki (2 sassa na humus, 1 sashi na yashi, ganye ƙasa da perlite). Ana ajiye wurare a zafin jiki na + 20-25 digiri da kuma ƙasa mai zafi na ba fiye da 60%. Yayinda tsire-tsire suke girma, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna cirewa lokaci don haka nisa tsakanin su 50 mm ne.
Lokacin da harbe zasu sami nau'i-nau'i biyu na ganye, za su kasance a shirye don nutsewa. Kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai bude, tsire-tsire suna taurare - a kyau, yanayi mai tsabta, ana cire kwalaye don 'yan sa'o'i idan iska zazzabi ta kai kimanin + 15-20 digiri. Daga bisani, lokacin ƙwanƙwasa yana ƙara ƙaruwa, don haka al'ada ta yi amfani da rana, iska, da ƙasa da rashin lafiya a sabon wuri.
Canja wuri zuwa ƙasa
Shuka amfanin gona a kan gadaje yana kusa da kwanaki 50-55 bayan na farko da harbe. Tun da tsire-tsire masu marjoram sun yi girma, dole ne a gwada ramuka a nesa na 20 cm tsakanin seedlings da 40 cm tsakanin layuka, don haka tsire-tsire suna da isasshen hasken rana kuma kada suyi juna da juna. Na gaba, ci gaba kamar haka:
da yawa sun zubar da ƙasa a cikin kwantena da seedlings domin tushen tsarin ba lalace a lokacin dasawa;- zuba ruwa mai dumi akan ramuka da aka shirya da tsire-tsire suke shuka;
- cika wani sapling tare da Layer na ƙasa, sa'an nan kuma dan kadan tada shi sabõda haka, ɓarna an kafa a karkashin tushen da damar iska da ruwa su wuce ta.
da yawa sun zubar da ƙasa a cikin kwantena da seedlings domin tushen tsarin ba lalace a lokacin dasawa;Don kaucewa bayyanar ɓawon burodi a kan ƙasa, ba a bada shawarar shuka bishiyoyi ba da wuri don shayar da ruwa.
Ba lallai ba ne don fada barci a lokacin da dasa shuki matsuna masu yawa na lumana. Zai fi kyau a shirya a gaba gaba ɗaya ƙasa mai haske da ƙasa mai haske domin sprinkling da tushen.
Don taimakawa seedlings su dace da sababbin yanayi, ana kiyaye shi tare da rufe kayan don makonni 2. A karo na farko bayan dasawa, marjoram dole ne a shayar kowace rana kuma ya sassauta ƙasa bayan kowace watering.
Ƙarin kula
Don tsaba
Bayan shuka abin da ya dace bisa makircin da ke sama, dole ne a rufe ƙasa mai tsabta tare da dome ko gilashi kuma an kiyaye shi a zafin jiki na + digiri 20-23. Da zuwan ƙananan furanni, an cire takarda, kuma tsarin zafin jiki ya sauke zuwa + 12-16 digiri (na mako daya). Na gaba, tsire-tsire suna cikin irin wannan yanayi:
- + 18-20 digiri na rana;
- + 14-16 digiri a daren.
Lokaci na farko mafi kyau shine kada a bijirar da ƙananan harbe don hasken rana don kaucewa konewa. Mafi kyawun dauke da su a cikin penumbra. Har ila yau Yana da muhimmanci a gudanar da ruwan sha mai dacewa tare da ruwa mai laushi a dakin da zafin jiki.. In ba haka ba, tsarin raunana zai fara farawa kuma shuke-shuke zai mutu.
Ga matasa harbe
Don samun m foliage, kasar gona a ƙarƙashin tsire-tsire dole ne a shayar da shi lokaci-lokaci kuma a kwantar da shi, kuma ya kamata a cire weeds a cikin gadaje a dace. suna iya inuwa da tsire-tsire suna daukar kayan abinci daga ƙasa. Marjoram wata al'ada ne mai haske da kuma yanayin fari, saboda haka bai yarda da inuwa ko penumbra ba. A yawan zafin jiki na zafin jiki don al'ada girma na kayan yaji shine +25 digiri.
Don samun rassan bishiya mai sauƙi, ƙasa mai laushi ya zama 50-60%.
An fara cin abinci na farko a baya fiye da kwanaki 25 bayan dasawa cikin ƙasa. Saboda wannan, ana shayar da tsire-tsire tare da bayani wanda ya kunshi guga guda na ruwa da 15 g na ammonium nitrate. Liquid ƙarar da 1 square. m ya zama kusan 50 ml. Irin wannan jiyya ana aiwatar da su fiye da 1 lokaci cikin kwanaki 15. Gishiri mai taki za a iya canza shi tare da sauran takin mai magani. Tare da ci gaban al'adu, ana rage yawan yawan takin mai magani da watering.
A matsayin taki, zaka iya amfani da itace ko kemira.
Fasali na kiwo a gida
Girman m ganye mai tsami yana yiwuwa a cikin tukwane filaye a kan windowsill a cikin Apartment. Ana ajiye kwantena da tsire-tsire a wurare irin su:
- Tagar taga;
- Balcons balconies (har sai kaka);
- haske, ɗakunan dakuna (a kan tebur, tebur, da dai sauransu).
Lokacin zabar wuri don marjoram, kana buƙatar tuna cewa a lokacin flowering yana nuna mai ƙanshi mai ƙanshi, don haka, alal misali, ba a bada shawara a saka shi cikin ɗakin kwana ba.
Rasuwar dakuna / dakuna a cikin lokaci mai dadi zai zama kyakkyawar rigakafin bayyanar cututtuka na al'adu. Har ila yau, an yi izinin yin tukwane a lokacin rani.
Hanyoyin furen marjoram su ne manufa don tukwane, da kuma tukwane - gajeren, bushy da farkon girka.
Lokacin bazara ba abu ne mai mahimmanci ba lokacin da girma irin wannan ƙanshi a cikin ɗaki, amma kafin yayi shuka yana da kyau a la'akari da cewa tsire-tsire suna biyayya da hawan halitta, saboda haka shine mafi kyau shuka a spring, saboda Wannan zai kara yawan nau'in germination. A lokacin kaka, marjoram ya karu ta hanyar rarraba daji da kuma cuttings..
Ana sanya tankuna tare da ganye a hunturu a gefen kudu, kuma a lokacin rani - a yamma ko gabas. Dasa da kuma kula da tsire-tsire ba sa bambanta daga tsarin shuka amfanin gona a ƙasa.
Idan gidan yana da haske mai haske, Tsire-tsire suna samar da hasken artificial (akalla 6 hours a rana).
Domin ƙananan bishiyoyi a cikin ɗakin su yi girma kamar yadda zai yiwu (shekaru 2-3), suna bukatar a ciyar da su sau ɗaya a wata tare da agrolife ko sanya biohumus cikin tukunya. A nan gaba, an sabunta su kuma an dasa su a cikin kwantena tare da sabon ƙasa.
Girbi
Marjoram ya shirya don girbi a farkon flowering, wanda yakan faru a watan Agusta. Idan lambu ya shirya ya samo filayen launi, kuna buƙatar yanke katakan furen nan da nan bayan sun bayyana, amma yana da darajar la'akari da cewa furanni suna da kyau sosai ga shayi, tinctures da albarkatun kasa don kayan ado. An yanke katako da wuka mai kaifi a nesa da akalla 10 cm daga ƙasa. Re-pruning regrown bushes ne da za'ayi a cikin marigayi Satumba - farkon Oktoba.
An tattara ganye a cikin wani bakin ciki mai zurfi akan ɗakin kwana. da kuma bushe a cikin dumi, da ventilated da shaded dakin. Da zarar taro ya bushe kuma ya zama raguwa, an zubar da shi kuma an canja shi zuwa kwakwalwar da aka kwantar da shi. A cikin wannan tsari, za'a iya adana marjoram don shekara 1.
Yana da muhimmanci: za a iya barin shinge a cikin hasken rana kai tsaye, saboda Wannan zai haifar da asarar mai.
Cututtuka da kwari
Gishiri mai marjoram ya ƙunshi daga 1 zuwa 3.5% na mai mai muhimmanci, wadda ta samar da kariya ga yawancin nau'in kwari. Duk da haka, ƙanshin wannan al'ada yana janyo marjoram mole, wadda aka fi dacewa ta hanyar amfani da pheromone na musamman ko kuma ɓoyayyen maniyyi. An yi amfani da maganin rigakafi na maganin rigakafi don magance larvae.
Daga cututtuka, cututtuka sun fi rinjaye sau da yawa ta Alternaria, wanda ya bayyana a cikin ganye a matsayin ɓoye mai duhu na nau'in ba bisa ka'ida ba. Don kauce wa yaduwar cutar, Dole ne a duba magunguna a kai a kai kuma cire samfurori marasa lafiya a cikin lokaci mai dacewa. Don hana ƙananan rani na ban ruwa, ta haifar da yaduwar fungi. Idan akwai wani yanki mai mahimmanci ta hanyar canzawa, ana kula da tsire-tsire tare da bayani na fungicide.
Abin da za a shuka kafin da bayan wannan ƙanshi?
Mafi kyawun tsirrai don dasa shuki marjoram shine albasa, dankali, legumes da kabeji. A cikin wurin da al'adun ganye suka girma, yana da kyau a dasa shuka daga baya a kan. Alal misali, radish, karas, beets ko turnips.
Bayan da ya shafe ka'idodin fasahar aikin gona na marjoram, har ma wani mai kula da kayan lambu zai iya girma da kyau mai kyau, mai ban sha'awa da kuma kayan lambu mai kyau, daga abin da ke da dadi, abin sha, ko ma magunguna zai iya samuwa.
