A dankalin turawa iri-iri "Ramona" yana daya daga cikin gwajin da aka gwada lokacin da aka zaɓa, wanda aka samo asali na Holland.
An ba da shi zuwa Rasha a farkon 90s na karni na karshe, manoma da masu son shuka dankalin turawa sunyi dadin dandano, adadi mai kyau da kuma bayyanar tubers.
A cikin wannan labarin mun tattara dukkanin bayanai game da wannan dankalin turawa - bayanin irin iri-iri da halayensa, musamman agrotechnics, hali akan cututtuka da kuma kai hari ta hanyar kwari.
Janar bayani
Originator iri "Ramona" ("Romano") Kamfanin dillancin labaran Holland AGRICO.
A cikin 1994, an sami "Ramona" iri-iri code №9552996 a cikin Jihar Register na Rasha Federationba da izinin sayar da tsaba a kasar. An bayar da shawarar ganyayyaki a tsakiyar, Volga-Vyatka, yankunan Southern, a yankin Perm, a cikin Far East.
Dankali "Ramona": bayanin irin iri-iri, hoto
"Ramona" tsakiyar kakar iri-iri. Ƙimar yawan samfurori da aka samo asali ta hanyar 80-100 days bayan saukowa. Komawa mafi girma yana faruwa a kwanaki 115-130.
Hanyoyi masu mahimmanci sun danganta ne akan ingancin kayan dasa, yanayin yanayin yanayin gona.
Gidan yana da tsayayye, tsayi da tsayi. Da sauri kafa. Faceliness ne high. Sassan suna da tsayi-tsayi. Furen suna jan ko haske mai launi. Corolla m-purple, medium-sized.
Haske ruwan hoda tubers na daidai taso keya m tsari, babba da matsakaici a cikin girman. Matsakaicin nauyin tuber shine 70-90 g Ɗaya daga cikin daji yana kawo 16-20 dankali, tare da nauyin kilo 7-8. Kayan abinci mai yawa 90-94%.
M, mai karfi da kwasfa na launi mai haske. Tare da ƙananan hawan hazo, sai ya zama inuwa mai haske. Idanunsu suna nutse a cikin jikin tuber zuwa zurfin zurfin. Idanu suna ƙananan. Jiki yana da farin tare da tinge mai tsami, rubutu mai haske.
A dankalin turawa iri-iri "Ramona" an wakilta a kan wadannan hotuna:
Yanayin tattalin arziki
Yanayin halayen dankalin turawa iri-iri "Ramona":
- Gayyata iri dankali "Ramona" tebur. Musamman a dafa. Naman yana friable, ba darkening bayan yin burodi, tafasa, roasting. Ƙididdigar dandano a cikin Registry yana da maki 4.6-4.7 akan ma'auni biyar.
- Abubuwan da ke cikin kwayoyin halitta sune 16-18%.
- Abin da ke ciki a cikin dankalin turawa iri iri "Romana" sitaci ya wuce ka'ida - 14-17%.
- Babban mataki na kiyaye inganci. Dogon ba ya cigaba a lokacin ajiya. Forms 6-8 harbe.
- Tsayayya da lalacewar lokacin tsaftacewa, sufuri, ajiya.
Kara karantawa game da lokaci da zazzabi na ajiyar dankali, game da matsalolin da suka tashi. Kuma game da yadda za a adana asalinsu a cikin hunturu, yadda za a yi a cikin kantin sayar da kayan lambu, a cikin ɗakin da cellar, a kan baranda da cikin kwalaye, a cikin firiji da kuma peeled.
Darajar da rashin amfani
Differs a cikin wani kyakkyawan tufafin kasuwanci, 'ya'yan itace daidai. Undemanding zuwa ƙasa abun da ke ciki. Yana jure wa fari. A yankunan kudancin, iri-iri "Ramona" yana iya samar da amfanin gona sau biyu. Ya dace da shirye-shiryen samfurori na ƙayyadaddun ƙwayoyi, kwakwalwan kwamfuta, fries.
Wadannan rashin amfani sun hada da farkon kafawar tubers da kuma samar da kayan samfurori da yawa.
Cututtuka da kwari
- Mai saukin kamuwa da nematode dankalin turawa.
- Immunity ga dankalin turawa.
- Very high jure cutar A, foliage twisting.
- Tsayayyar cutar Yn.
- Matsakaicin juriya ga phytophthora na tubers, fusarium.
- Wuya mai banƙyama ga ƙwayoyin leaf curl, sanb.
Kara karantawa game da bugawar dankalin turawa, Alternaria, verticillary wilt.
Dankali suna da tsayayya ga dankalin turawa na Colorado da larvae, baya buƙatar matakan tsaro na musamman akan su.
Features agrotehnika
Kamar yawancin Yaren mutanen Holland, yana iya zuwa lalacewasabili da haka, an yi amfani da nau'in kayan abu akai-akai.
Tare da sabuntawa ta atomatik na samfur na dasa shuki tubers a lokacin flowering, sun lura da karfi, yawan flowering bushes. Amfanin iri iri a cikin kashi 35-55 mm don dasa shuki a kowace hectare shine raka'a 50,000.
Kafin dasa shuki, ana shuka bishiyoyi, yadawa a cikin wani wuri mai haske don makonni 3-4. Ya kamata a hada dukkanin tubers a kalla 8 hours a rana. Masu ciki suna kula da yawan zafi na 85-90%.
An yanka manyan tubers a cikin guda tare da wuka mai kaifi tsoma a cikin karfi bayani na potassium permanganate ranar kafin dasa. Dasa kayan da aka zaba tare da sprouts 0.5-1 cm.
Dasa ana yi a cikin ƙasa warmed har zuwa + 15-20 ° С ƙarƙashin tsari na 60x35 cm Tsarin tubers ana sanya shi ya tashi, yanka - yanke ƙasa.
A yayin da ake ci gaba da kiyaye juyawa. A cikin manyan yankunan, yawan amfanin ƙasa yana karuwa bayan ciyawa da ciyawa na shekara, hatsi, legumes, ciyayi na hunturu, flax, colza, phacelia, da fyade.
Don inganta agrophysical Properties na nauyi, lãka kasa a cikin kaka digging ƙara kogin yashi, itace ash. Lokacin da sake sake digo bazara ammonium nitrate ko ammonium nitrate, urea (10 g / m²).
Tare da ɓangaren kusa na Ramon na ƙasa shi ne mafi alhẽri shuka a cikin tudu. Wannan zai kara samun izinin oxygen zuwa tushen tsarin, rage yawan shan kashi na tubers da cututtukan fungal.
Agronomists bayar da shawarar don sauko da tuddai daga gabas zuwa yamma. Saboda haka dankali ya sami hasken rana.
A kan loamy, ƙasa mai nauyi, ana shuka su a cikin ramuka 6-8 cm zurfin zurfin shigarwa cikin yashi, yashi kasa shine 8-10 cm Don hana bushewa na tubers a cikin yankunan da bala'in yanayi ya karu da zurfin har zuwa 12-15 cm
"Ramona" sau da yawa yana amfani da nematode dankalin turawa. Don rigakafin cututtuka da kariya ga wireworm larvae, cockchafer, gogaggen dankalin turawa sun bada shawarar ba da kwanciyar hankali na tafarnuwa, albasa kwasfa cikin kowane daji.
Ga dukan girma kakar Ramone har zuwa biyar da ake bukata. Lokacin da aka kafa ɓawon ƙwayar ƙasa, kafin fitowar harbe, ana yi wa ƙasa ba'a. Saurara sau 2-3 a lokacin rani - da hannu ko tare da taimakon mai tarawa a baya.
Dankali iri "Ramona" siffofin tubers da kuma low ƙasa danshi. A cikin fari, sau daya lokaci ban ruwa tsakanin layuka don kwanaki 7-10 isa. Mulching zai taimaka kare dasa daga weeds.
Don inganta ingancin samfurori a lokacin flowering, ripening tubers goyon bayan shuke-shuke tare da nitrogenous ko Organic kari. A lokacin da yake yaduwa da bishiyoyi yayin da yake kwance da buds da kashi 0.05% mai mahimmanci na jan karfe sulfate, zinc sulfuric acid, acid acid, yawan amfanin ƙasa ya karu da 8-10%.
Kara karantawa game da yadda ake ciyar da dankali, abin da takin mai magani ya fi kyau, lokacin da yadda za a yi amfani da su, yadda za a yi daidai lokacin da dasa.
Karanta abubuwan da ke da amfani da ban sha'awa game da hanyoyi daban-daban na girma dankali: fasahar Holland da kula da iri iri, yadda za'a samu amfanin gona ba tare da weeding da hilling ba. Kuma bambanci tsakanin irin wannan hanya: ƙarƙashin bambaro, cikin ganga, a cikin jaka, a cikin kwalaye.
Duk da yawan yawan amfanin ƙasa, "Ramona" aka kama a cikin gida saboda unpretentiousness, fari haƙuri, kyau cuta juriya da Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro, dandano mai kyau.
Kana so ka san abin da ke da hatsari mai hatsari a dankali, wacce kasashe ke bunkasa mafi yawan waɗannan kayan lambu da kuma yadda za a juya wannan tsari zuwa kasuwanci? Karanta game da shi a cikin articles.
