Maganin iri iri iri na dan kasar Holland Melody ya samu nasara a cikin gwaji na jihar kuma an san shi a matsayin nau'i mai mahimmanci tare da kyakkyawar dama.
A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, ya karɓa da yawa daga masu tsire-tsire na dankalin turawa, ya samu nasarar bunkasa a kasashe da yankuna daban-daban.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya maka dalla-dalla game da dankalin turawa iri-iri Melody, za mu sanar da kai da halaye. Za ku koyi game da fasaha na aikin gona don wannan dankalin turawa, menene cututtuka da aka fallasa su da abin da kwari zai iya zama haɗari.
Asalin
Wanda ya samo asali da mawallafi na iri-iri shine CMEIJER B.V., kamfanin da aka samu nasara a kan kasuwannin Rasha don shuka dankali na dogon lokaci. (Netherlands). A shekarar 2009, Littafin Jihar na Rasha ya zartar da iri-iri a cikin yankin tsakiya. An wuce gwaji da rajista a Ukraine da Moldova.
Bayan karbar girbi daga samfurori da aka saya daga manyan kamfanoni, zaka iya amfani da iri iri na 1-2-3.
Don kauce wa asarar halayen bambance-bambance da kamuwa da cututtukan tubers tare da cututtukan cututtuka, suna canza wurin saukowa don shekaru 4-5 kuma sabunta samfurin dasa.
Melody dankali: bayanin iri-iri
| Sunan suna | Melody |
| Babban halayen | matsakaici marigayi cultivar na Yaren mutanen Holland kiwon waddan |
| Gestation lokacin | Kwanaki 100-120 |
| Aminiya abun ciki | 11-17% |
| Mass na kasuwanci tubers | 95-180 gr |
| Yawan tubers a cikin daji | 7-11 |
| Yawo | 176-335 c / ha |
| Kayan amfani | dandano mai kyau, dafa abinci |
| Abubuwan da suka faru | 95% |
| Skin launi | rawaya |
| Pulp launi | rawaya |
| Yankuna da suka fi so | Tsakiya |
| Cutar juriya | da iri-iri suna da tsayayya ga pathogen na dankalin Turawa, ciwon dankalin turawa dankalin turawa nematode, wrinkled da mosaic banded |
| Fasali na girma | amsa sosai ga taki da watering |
| Originator | C.MEIJER B.V. (Holland) |
Matsayi a matsayin srednepozdniy, marigayi. Daga dasawa zuwa yawan amfanin kasuwancin - Kwanaki 100-120. Tsaka-tsaka-tsaka-tsaka-tsaka-tsaka-tsaka-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsalle-tsalle-tsire-tsalle, manyan rufe koren ganye tare da gefen haɗari.
Oval tubers tare da m, rawaya, reticulated fata nauyi 95-180 g samfurin karamin, an tsara shi, da kwasfa masu haɗawa. A matsakaicin yawan tubers daga wani daji 7-11 guda. Ƙananan ido, ƙananan.
Maganin iri iri Melody yana da alamar gwargwadon sitaci mai mahimmanci - daga 11% zuwa 17%. Tubers tare da ɓangaren litattafan almara na ɓangaren littafi suna bambanta da halaye mafi girma daga cikin nau'o'in zabukan Dutch waɗanda aka kiyaye a duk tsawon lokacin ajiya.
Kara karantawa game da lokaci da kuma yawan zafin ajiya na dankali, matsalolin da ake fuskanta akai-akai.Kuma game da yadda za a adana dankali a cikin hunturu, a zane da kan baranda, a cikin firiji da kuma peeled.
Tana da nau'o'in kayan abinci na gari, an yi amfani dasu don shiri na farko, na biyu da kuma aiki. Dankali yana da kyau mai laushi, ɓangaren litattafan almara a lokacin aikin zafi ba zai yi duhu ba. Yawancin kwayaccen kwayoyin halitta (ba kasa da 20.5%) ba ka damar amfani dashi don samar da dankali mai bushe. Don frying da dafa abinci kwakwalwan kwamfuta ba dace!
Hotuna
Zaka iya ganin dankalin turawa Melody a cikin hoto:
Halaye
Kamar yadda mafi yawancin dankalin Turawa iri na Yankin "Melody" yana da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Matsakaicin yawan kasuwancin da aka nuna a cikin gwaje-gwaje da dama na jihar a yankin Moscow 636 c / ha surpassed da misali a cikin iri Symphony, Nikulinsky.
Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa shine 176-335 c / ha (18-35 kg / 10 m²).
Zaka iya kwatanta yawan aiki na dankalin turawa na Serpanok tare da wasu iri a cikin tebur da ke ƙasa:
| Sunan suna | Yawo |
| Melody | 176-335 c / ha |
| Beauty | 400-450 c / ha |
| Vector | 670 c / ha |
| Artemis | 220-350 c / ha |
| Yanka | har zuwa 630 c / ha |
| Svitanok Kiev | har zuwa 460 c / ha |
| Santana | 160-380 c / ha |
| Nevsky | 300-500 c / ha |
| Taisiya | har zuwa 460 c / ha |
| Colomba | 220-420 c / ha |
| Lapot | 400-500 c / ha |
A dankalin turawa iri-iri yana cikin masu sayarwa mafi kyau saboda kyakkyawan bayyanar, kasuwa mai yawa (85-95%), kiyaye inganci (95% ko fiye), transportability da juriya ga lalacewar inji.
Rashin ikon kiyayewa yana da muhimmanci ga dankali. A cikin tebur da ke ƙasa za ku ga wannan halayyar a cikin nau'o'in iri iri:
| Sunan suna | Tsuntsaye |
| Melody | 95% |
| Timo | 96% |
| Arosa | 95% |
| Spring | 93% |
| Vineta | 87% |
| Impala | 95% |
| Zorachka | 96% |
| Kamensky | 97% |
| Latona | 90% |
| Lyubava | 98% |
| Sa'a mai kyau | 88-97% |
Ayyukan tuber sun haɗu da bukatun don sayar da kasuwa tare da prewash da martaba. Lokaci na tsawon lokaci - har zuwa watanni 8, wanda zai baka damar adana irin waƙa har zuwa Yuni ba tare da kulluwa ba.
Agrotechnology
A lokacin bazara na kayan iri an duba shi sosai don lalacewa, alamun cutar. Zaɓi lafiya, ko da tubers tare da rabi na akalla 3-7 cm.
Lupine
Yi aiki tare da juyayi. Mafi kyaun labarun su ne lupine, flax, perennial da ciyawa na shekara-shekara, amfanin gona na hunturu, legumes.
Dankali na bukatar yau da kullum loosening, weeding, watering, hilling. Ko da tare da bushe rani, weeds ba a bar tsakanin layuka zuwa inuwa dankalin turawa, bushes, ta yin amfani da hanyar da mulching. Tare da babban maniyyi na makwabta makiyaya, adadin tubers a cikin nests za a iya rage ƙwarai.
Da iri-iri yana buƙatar biyan bukatun hanyoyin aikin gona:
- A cikin kaka, digin yankin tare da Bugu da kari na 3-4 cm na ƙasa mai kyau da kuma gabatar da takin ko humus a cikin kudi na 4.5-5 kg / 1 m². Don ƙasa mai nauyi, mai laushi mai kyau wanda ba kasa da 30 cm ba, amfani da kayan hawan hawan yana ƙaruwa zuwa 9 kg / m².
- Lokacin da ake yin amfani da taki a karkashin bishiyoyi, yiwuwar tuber lalacewa ta ƙara. A cikin kaka tillage, potash da phosphate takin mai magani ana amfani da a hankali.
- Mai sarrafa ruwa yana kunshe da digging, depositing 16-20 g / m² a kan m kasa, ko 25 g / m² a kan tsautsayi kasa na ammonium nitrate ko ammonium sulfate.
Kara karantawa game da yadda ake ciyar da dankali, lokacin da yadda za a yi amfani da taki, yadda za a yi shi lokacin dasa.
Lokacin da dasa shuki, ya kamata a tuna cewa lokacin tuberization da ci gaban aiki ya dace daidai da tsinkar cutar rashin lafiya. Don yin rigakafi na kayan iri an bi da shi tare da shirye-shirye na musamman.
Girbi yana farawa bayan shayarwa da kuma samuwar kwasfa a kan tubers.
Noma dankakken dankali na iya zama daban. Karanta duk game da fasaha na Dutch, game da noma iri iri, game da samun amfanin gona ba tare da weeding da hilling ba, game da juya wannan tsari zuwa kasuwanci.Kuma game da irin wannan hanya mai ban sha'awa kamar girma a karkashin bambaro, cikin jaka, a cikin ganga, a cikin kwalaye.
Cututtuka da kwari
Sare mosaic
- zuwa ciwon daji na dankalin turawa ta hanyar pathotype I;
- hawan dankalin turawa na dankalin turawa;
- wrinkled da banded mosaics;
- scab;
- Risocontia;
- black leg.
Dangane da martabawar filaye na sama da tubers (Ro1-Ro4), Y-virus iri-iri yana nuna tsayayyar juriya. Karanta kuma game da Alternaria, Fusarium da Verticillis dankali.
Game da kwari, babban matsalar shine yawancin ƙwayoyin Colorado da larvae, ƙwayoyi na dankalin turawa, katako, da bea.
A kan shafin yanar gizon zamu sami cikakkun bayanai game da yadda za mu magance kwari masu guba:
- Yadda za a rabu da waya a cikin gonar.
- Chemicals da kuma hanyoyin jama'a da medvedka.
- Abin da zai taimaka a cikin yaki da Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro: sunadarai da kuma hanyoyin mutane.
- Mun sami dankalin turawa ƙwayoyi: sashi na 1 da sashi na 2.
Dankali "Melody" - wani ƙira guda daga layin kyakkyawan tasiri da ƙwarewa na zabukan Dutch. Babban dandano da halayen mabukaci, kyakkyawar gabatarwa, sauƙi na sufuri, ajiya da kuma sayar da kayan sayarwa ya sa ya zama sananne tare da manoma na gida.
Da ke ƙasa a cikin tebur za ku sami hanyoyi zuwa abubuwan da ke kan dankalin turawa iri iri a lokuta daban-daban:
| Tsakiyar marigayi | Matsakaici da wuri | Late-ripening |
| Aurora | Black Prince | Nikulinsky |
| Skarb | Nevsky | Asterix |
| Ƙarfin zuciya | Darling | Cardinal |
| Ryabinushka | Ubangijin maƙaryata | Kiwi |
| Blueness | Ramos | Slavyanka |
| Zhuravinka | Taisiya | Rocco |
| Lasock | Lapot | Ivan da Marya | Magician | Caprice | Picasso |
